Abantuuntu fye Bapilibula Baibolo

MU MWAKA wa 1835, Henry Nott, kakuula umuNgeleshi, na John Davies, umwina Wales uwalesambilila ifya kuba shimatuuka, bapwishishe umulimo ukalamba. Pa numa ya kucucutika pa myaka ukucila 30, bapwishishe ukupilibula Baibolo yonse mu lulimi ulwa cina Tahiti. Mafya nshi aba baume babili, abashalumbwike no kulumbuka, bapitilemo, kabili finshi fyafumine mu kubombesha kwabo ukwa kuitemenwa?

“Ukubukulula Kukalamba Kwatendeka”

Ukutendeka mu 1751 ukufika mu 1800, baProtestanti abo baleita ati Aba Kubukulula Kukalamba, nelyo mu kwipifya Aba Kubukulula, baleshimikila mu mishi na mupepi ne mikoti na mafakitare mu Britain. Ubuyo baimikile bwa kushimikila ku balebomba muli yi mikoti na mafakitare. Bakashimikila bamipepele ya Aba Kubukulula balecincisha sana ukwananya Baibolo.

William Carey, uwatendeke iyi mipepele ali ni Baptist, kabili e wayafwilishe ukutendeka minshoni ya London Missionary Society (LMS), iyatendeke mu 1795. Iminshoni ya LMS yalekansha abantu baleitemenwa ukusambilila indimi sha cikaya no kubomba nga bamishonari mu citungu ca South Pacific. Ico baimininepo aba bamishonari kusambilisha Ilandwe mu lulimi ulo abakaya bengomfwa.

Icishi ca Tahiti, ico batulile mupepi na ilya nshita e bala lya kubalilapo ilyo bamishonari ba kubalilapo aba minshoni ya LMS batuminwe. Abamipepele ya Aba Kubukulula, balemona ifi fishi nge fisenshi icine cine, icifulo icali icafikapo ku kulobolola.

Abantuuntu fye Bacimfya Ubwafya

Pa kuti ukulobolola kucitike, bamishonari 30 basalilwe mu kampampa kabili abashaipekenye na bwino bapateme mu cibwato ico baleita ati Duff, icashitilwe na ba LMS. Pa baile paali “bapasta bane [abashapitile mu masambililo ya fya mapepo], bakabasa 6, abaishiba ukupanga no kubila insapato babili, aba kukuula injelwa babili, abaishiba ukupikula babili, abaishiba ukubila babili, shi matuuka, uwaishiba ukupanga ifya kwikalapo pa kutentema kabalwe, umubomfi wa mu ng’anda, umulimi, dokota, kafula, uwaishiba ukupanga ifyapala amadramu ukubomfya imbao ifya kubikamo ubwalwa, uwaishiba ukupanga kotoni ukufuma ku butonge, uwaishiba ukupanga no kulungisha ifisote, uwaishiba ukupanga insalu, uwaishiba ukupanga amakabati, abakashi basano, na bana batatu.”

 Ifibombelo bamishonari bakwete fye ifya kubaafwa ukwishiba Baibolo mu lulimi yalembelwemo pa kubala ni dikishonari ilondolola amashiwi ya ciGriki mu ciNgeleshi na Baibolo yakwata dikishonari ya ciHebere. Pa lwendo lwa pali bemba ulwapoosele imyeshi 7, bamishonari balesungila amashiwi ya cina Tahiti ayalembelwe na batandashi batandele kale, na bafulile pa batandashi bali ni balya bapondokele ubulashi bwa mu cibwato baleita ati Bounty. Kwi pele pele, Duff yafikile ku Tahiti, pa March 7, 1797, bamishonari baliselwike. Nangu cali fyo, mupepi fye no mwaka umo pa numa abengi balifuupwilwe kabili balibwekelemo. Bamishonari fye 7 e basheleko.

Pali aba 7 abashele, paali Henry Nott, uwali kakuula wa njelwa kale uwa myaka ya kufyalwa 23. Nga mwamona kalata wakwe uo alembele pa kubalilapo, kuti mwailuka ukuti tasambilile sana. Na lyo line, ali uwalamuka ku kusambilila bwangu ululimi lwa cina Tahiti. Alondolwelwe ngo muntu wafumaluka, uushaifinya, kabili umusuma umutima.

Mu 1801, Nott asalilwe ukuba kafundisha wa lulimi lwa cina Tahiti uwa kusambilisha bamishonari bapya abaleisa ku Tahiti. Pa bo asambilishe ulu lulimi pali umwina Wales uwa myaka ya kufyalwa 28 uwe shina lya John Davies, uwaishileba umusambi wakampuka kabili uubombesha, uwatekanya kabili umupe. Bwangu bwangu aba baume babili bapingwilepo ukutendeka ukupilibula Baibolo mu lulimi lwa cina Tahiti.

Umulimo Wa-afya

Ukupilibwila mu lulimi lwa cina Tahiti waishileba umulimo waafya, pantu ulu lulimi ninshi abantu tabalatampa ukululemba. Bamishonari bali no kusambilila fye ukupitila mu kukutika. Tabakwete dikishonari nelyo fitabo fya kusambililamo ululimi. Imishimbwile ya mashiwi iyaleumfwikila pa mukolomino, na mashiwi ayalekwata amavawelo ayengi (yamo yalekwata fye na mavawelo 5 mwi shiwi limo), no bwafya bwa kubomfya makonsonanti limo limo mu mashiwi calengele bamishonari ukufuupulwa icibi. Bamishonari bailishenye abati: “Amashiwi ayengi yakwata fye amavawelo yeka yeka fye, kabili vawelo imo na imo yaba ne fyo ishimbulwa.” Batile “tabaleishiba imishimbwilwe ya mashiwi, no kulungika balekabila.” Baletontonkanya fye no kuti imishimbwile imo iya mashiwi ya bufi!

Icabipishe sana ca kuti amashiwi yamo balileseshe ukuyabomfya pantu yamo yali ye shiku mu cina Tahiti, ne ci calengele ukuti bapyanikepo amashiwi yambi. Amashiwi yengabomfiwa ku kupyana ishiwi limo bwali bwafya na bumbi. Pe shiwi ilya “ipepo,” pali amashiwi yengapyanikwapo 70 mu cina Tahiti. Ubwafya na bumbi, bwali mu fyo amashiwi yafwile ukutantikwa pa kulanda nelyo ukulemba mu cina Tahiti—yalipusaninine fye ne ciNgeleshi. Nangu amafya yafulile fi, panono panono, bamishonari balipangile imitande ya mashiwi ayo Davies kwi pele pele aali no kulemba pa numa ya myaka 50 muli dikishonari iyakwete amashiwi 10,000.

Kabili ubwafya bumbi bwali mu kulemba icina Tahiti. Bamishonari balyeseshe ukulemba ukubomfya imilembele ya ciNgeleshi. Lelo iciNgeleshi calebomfya ifilembo nge fi fine tubomfyako ifyalefilwa ukulungika imishimbwile ya mashiwi ya mu cina Tahiti. E ico kwali ukulanshanya kwa nshita ntali pa fyo amashiwi yafwile ukulembwa no kushimbulwa. Ilingi line bamishonari balepanga insopelo shabo abene, pantu e bali aba kubalilapo mu South Seas ukulemba ululimi ulushabalile alulembwa. Tabaishibe ukuti kasuba kamo umulimo balebomba wali no kuba icipasho ca ndimi ishingi isha mu South Pacific.

Abashakwata Ifibombelo Ifingi Lelo Abashifilwa Kubomba

Bakapilibula bakwete fye ifitabo fya kuloshako ifinono fye. Ba LMS babebele ukuti balebomfya Textus Receptus, icalola mu kuti ifyebo bapokelela, na Baibolo ya King James Version nge fyebo fya kutendekelako. Nott alombele ba LMS ukumutumina amadikishonari na yambi aya ciHebere na ya ciGriki na maBaibolo ya mu ndimi ishi shibili. Tacaishibikwa nga balimutumine aya mabuuku. Kumfwa pali Davies ena alipokelele amabuuku ayalembwa na basambilila pali Baibolo ukufuma ku fibusa fyakwe ifya ku Wales. Ifyalembwa filangilila ukuti alikwete dikishonari ya mu ciGriki, Baibolo ya mu ciHebere, Icipingo Cipya ica mu ciGriki, na Baibolo ya Septuagint.

 Pali iyi nshita yonse ukushimikila kwa bamishonari takwakwete fisabo. Nelyo ca kuti bamishonari bapwishishe imyaka 12 mu Tahiti, tamwali nangu umo umwina Tahiti uwabatishiwe. Na mu kulekelesha, inkondo ya bana calo iishalepwa yalengele bamishonari bonse ukufulumukila ku Australia ukushako fye Nott uwaali no mupampamina. Pa nshita imo, Nott e waishileba mishonari eka fye uwashele muli yi incende, lelo baishilekonka King Pomare II imfumu yafulumukile ku cishi ca Moorea.

Nangu cali fi, Nott talekele umulimo wa kupilibula, kabili pa numa ya kuti Davies naikala imyaka ibili ku Australia, alibwelele ukuyaba na Nott na kabili. Ilyo ifi fyonse fyalecitika, Nott alesambilila iciGriki ne ciHebere kabili aishileba kalapashi muli shi ndimi. E ico atendeke ukupilibula amabuuku yamo yamo aya Malembo ya ciHebere mu cina Tahiti. Asalile ukutampilapo Amalembo yalimo ifyebo ifyali no kuba ifya-anguka ku bena Tahiti ukuumfwa.

Nott uwabombele pamo na Davies, atampile ukupilibula Ilandwe lya kwa Luka ilyo apwishishe mu September 1814. Ifyapilibwile Nott mu cina Tahiti fyaleumfwika filya fine abakaya baishiba ululimi lwabo, kabili Davies e walepitulukamo ukulinganya ne fyebo fya mu lulimi lwa pa kubala ulwa Baibolo. Mu 1817, King Pomare II alombele ukuti umwine wine apange ibula lya kubalilapo ilye Landwe lya kwa Luka pali mashini wa kupulintilako. Alipulintile ukubomfya mashini ya kupulintilapo iyo bamishonari baletele ku Moorea. Ilyashi lya kupilibula Baibolo wa cina Tahiti talikumanina ukwabula ukulanda pali Tuahine, umwina Tahiti uwatwalilile ukuba na bamishonari inshita yonse pa kuti beshibe tonse mu lulimi lwa cina Tahiti.

Ukupilibula Kwapwa

Mu 1819, pa numa ya myaka 6 iya kubombesha, umulimo wa kupilibula Amalandwe, Imilimo ya Batumwa, ne buuku lya Amalumbo walipwile. Mashini ya kupulintilako iyaletelwe na bamishonari bapya, ya-angwishe umulimo wa kupulinta no kwananya aya mabuuku ya mu Baibolo.

Lyene inshita ya mulimo wakakala uwa kupilibula, ukubelengwamo, no kupitulukamo yalitendeke. Pa numa ya kwikala mu Tahiti pa myaka 28, Nott alilwele mu 1825, na ba LMS balimusuminishe ukubwelelamo ku England. Icaweme ca kuti pali iyi nshita ninshi ukupilibula Amalembo ya ciGriki kwali fye mupepi no kupwa. Atwalilile ukupilibula ulubali lwasheleko ulwa Baibolo pa lwendo lwa ku England na ilyo aali ku England. Nott abwelele ku Tahiti mu 1827. Ilyo papitile imyaka 8, mu December 1835, alipwishishe ukupilibula. Pa numa ya myaka 30 ne mpusho iya kubombesha, Baibolo yonse yalipilibwilwe.

Mu 1836, Nott abwelelemo ku England pa kuti Baibolo yonse iya cina Tahiti ikayepulintwa ku London. Pa June 8, 1838, Nott alitemenwe nga  nshi ukupeela namfumu Queen Victoria Baibolo ya kubalilapo ukupulintwa iya cina Tahiti. Ca nsambu ukuti ilya nshita yali iya nsansa nga nshi kuli Nott uwali kale kakuula wa njelwa ukunina mu bwato ubo baleita ati Duff imyaka 40 iyapitilepo no kuyayobeka mu ntambi sha bena Tahiti pa kuti apwishe uyu mulimo wapoosele imyaka iingi.

Pa numa ya myeshi ibili, Nott abwelele ku South Pacific na bakasalanga ba mbao 27 abalongelwemo amaBaibolo ya kubalilapo 3,000 aya mu cina Tahiti. Pa numa ya kutuushako mu Sydney, alilwele na kabili, lelo alikeene ukupaatukana na bakasalanga ba mbao atemenwe sana. Pa numa ya kupola, bafikile mu Tahiti mu 1840, kabili abekashi basampile fye amaBaibolo yonse. Nott afwilile mu Tahiti mu May 1844 ninshi ali ne myaka ya kufyalwa 70.

Wakumine Abengi

Nangu cibe fyo, umulimo wabombele Nott tawafwilile pamo nankwe. Umulimo abombele uwa kupilibula walikumine indimi ishingi isha mu citungu ca Polynesia. Ukulemba uko bamishonari balembele ululimi lwa cina Tahiti ulushalelembwa kale, kwabakilile ulu lulimi. Kalemba umo atile: “Nott asungilile ifyo icina Tahiti cifwile ukulandwa. Lyonse twakula-alukila kuli Baibolo ku kusambilila ululimi lwine lwine ulwa cina Tahiti.” Umulimo wa mute uwa bakapilibula wabakile amashiwi ayengi ayaali no kuloba. Pa numa ya myaka 100, kalemba umo alembele ati: “Muli Baibolo yapilibwile Nott iya cina Tahiti mwaba ululimi lwa cine cine ulwa cina Tahiti—bonse tabakaana ifi nalanda.”

Uyu mulimo wacindama tawanonsha fye abena Tahiti lelo na kabili wali e ntendekelo ya kupilibula indimi shimbi ishaba ku South Pacific. Ku ca kumwenako, bakapilibula ba pa fishi fya Cook Islands na Samoa bapashenye iyi Baibolo. Kapilibula umo atile: “Nakonkele fye imipilibwile ya kwa Nott, iyo nabebeteshe.” Cashimikwa ukuti kapilibula na umbi ‘akwete ibuuku lya Amalumbo mu ciHebere ne lya ciNgeleshi ne lya cina Tahiti’ ilyo ‘alepilibula Ilumbo limo ilya kwa Davidi mu cina Samoa.’

Bamishonari batuminwe ku Tahiti bapashenye ica kumwenako caimike Aba Kubukulula ica kuba abakampuka mu kusambilisha ukulemba no kubelenga. Na kuba, ukucila pa myaka 100, icitabo caliko ku bena Tahiti ni Baibolo fye epela. E mulandu wine yabelele iyacindama mu bwikashi bwa bena Tahiti.

Icalenga Baibolo ya Nott Version ukuwamisha ni co yalibomfya ishina lya kwa Lesa umwingi mu Malembo ya ciHebere na mu Malembo ya ciGriki. Ne ci calenga ishina lya kwa Yehova ukwishibikwa bwino sana mu Tahiti ne fishi fya iko. Na pa macalici yamo yamo aya baProtestanti lilasangwa. Nangu cibe fyo, ishina lya kwa Lesa pali nomba lya-ampanishiwa ne Nte sha kwa Yehova no mulimo babomba uwa kushimikila mu kupimpa, umo babomfya nga nshi Baibolo ya cina Tahiti iyapilibwilwe na Nott na bo aali na bo. Umulimo wa maka uo Henry Nott abombele utucinkulako pa fyo tufwile ukutasha pa kukwata Icebo ca kwa Lesa icingasangwa ku bantunse abengi fye pali lelo.

[Ifikope pe bula 26]

AmaBaibolo ya kubalilapo mu lulimi lwa cina Tahiti mu 1815. Ishina lya kwa Yehova e mo lyaba

Henry Nott (1774-1844), kapilibula mukalamba uwa Baibolo ya cina Tahiti

[Abatusuminishe]

Baibolo ya cina Tahiti: Copyright the British Library (3070. a.32); Henry Nott and letter: Collection du Musée de Tahiti et de ses Îles, Punaauia, Tahiti; Katekisimu: Ulusa lwapeelwe na baLondon Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand

[Icikope pe bula 28]

Katekisimu ya mu 1801 iya ndimi shibili, icina Tahiti ne cina Wales, umwaba ne shina lya kwa Lesa

[Abatusuminishe]

Ulusa lwapeelwe na baLondon Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand

[Icikope pe bula 29]

Icalici lya ciProtestanti apaba ishina lya kwa Yehova pa ntanshi, Icishi ca Huahine, mu French Polynesia

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Avec la permission du Pasteur Teoroi Firipa