Nusi ŋku Gbɔlo Mate Ŋu Akpɔ O

ƲUƲUDEDIWO nɔa yame siwo míaƒe ŋku mekpɔna o. Gake ne ɣe ƒe keklẽ aɖe to fesre nu la, woate ŋu akpɔ nusiwo menɔ dzedzem tsã o enumake. Ɣe ƒe keklẽ to fesrea nu naa amegbetɔ ƒe ŋku kpɔa ʋuʋudediawo le yame.

Gabu keklẽ si ame ƒe ŋku gbɔlo kpɔna wòdzena le amadede ɣi me alo si menɔa amadede aɖeke me o hã ŋu kpɔ. Nukae dzɔna ne gbafi le wɔwɔm wòle akasanu kple ɣea ƒe keklẽ? Míekpɔa anyieʋɔ si le amadede dzeaniwo me le tsia me abe ahuhɔ̃e tɔxɛ si maa kekeli ɖe amadede vovovowo me ene!

Le nyateƒe me la, nu geɖe ƒo xlã mí siwo ne keklẽ aɖe klẽ ɖe wo dzi la, woɖea amadede vovovo siwo le nusi klẽ ɖe wo dzi me fiana si míaƒe ŋku kpɔna wònyea amadede aɖe. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, keklẽ si nye gbemu meklẽna tsoa gbe damawo ŋutɔ me o, ke boŋ gbea ɣlaa kekeli ƒe amadede vovovo siwo adze na ŋku la katã negbe gbemutɔ koe mete ŋu xɔna ɣlana o. Kekelia klẽna ɖe gbe la dzi gbã hafi gbea gbugbɔa amadede gbemutɔa ɖona ɖa míaƒe ŋku kpɔna, eye gbea dzena na mí amadede damae.

Amegbetɔ ƒe Nukpɔmɔ̃wo Kpe Ðe Mía Ŋu

Le ƒe siawo me la, míete ŋu le nu geɖe siwo ŋku gbɔlo mete ŋu kpɔna o kpɔm to egbegbe nutovɛwo dzi. Míate ŋu atsɔ nusuekpɔmɔ̃ si mede ŋgɔ akpa o akpɔ tsigege toŋ si me nugbagbe aɖeke medze le o me akpɔe be tsia me yɔ fũ kple nugbagbe ƒomevi vovovowo. Eye wokpɔe to nusuekpɔmɔ̃ me be taɖa ɖeɖi, si ne míetsɔ ŋku gbɔlo kpɔe eƒe afisiafi sɔna eye wòzrɔ̃na la, eŋu le ƒlatsaa eye wònɔa glidzaglidza. Nusuekpɔmɔ̃ siwo de ŋgɔ ŋutɔ ate ŋu ana woakpɔ nuwo woalolo ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi miliɔn ɖeka, si míate ŋu atsɔ asɔ kple posugagbalẽvi si akeke ɖe enu ava nɔ abe dukɔ sue aɖe ƒe lolome ene!

Fifia esi numekulawo zã nusuekpɔmɔ̃ siwo de ŋgɔ ŋutɔ la, wote ŋu kpɔ atɔm siwo le sue ale gbegbe la dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe dzedzeme. Esia na wokpɔ alesi nanewo le ŋutɔŋutɔ, si amegbetɔ ƒe ŋku gbɔlo mete ŋu kpɔ o vaseɖe nyitsɔ laa, la dze sii.

Nenema ke ɖewohĩ míafɔ kɔ dzi akpɔ ɣletiviwo le yame le zã. Wo ame nenie míate ŋu akpɔ? Ne ede ƒã la, akpe ʋɛ aɖewo koe ŋku gbɔlo ate ŋu akpɔ. Gake esi wozã didiƒekpɔmɔ̃ si woto vɛ ƒe 400 kloe enye sia la, amewo va le ɣletivi gbogbo aɖewo kpɔm kpee. Emegbe le ƒe 1920 ƒe ƒeawo me la, Mount Wilson Numekuƒe ƒe didiƒekpɔmɔ̃ ɖee fia be ɣletivihatsotso bubuwo li le mía tɔ megbe eye be ɣletivi siwo xexlẽme meli na o yɔ woawo hã me fũ. Egbea to amegbetɔ ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋumɔnu deŋgɔwo zazã me la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo bui be ɣletivihatsotso biliɔn gbogbo aɖewo li, siwo dometɔ geɖe me ɣletivi biliɔn alafa geɖewo le!

Ewɔ nuku ŋutɔ be didiƒekpɔmɔ̃wo ɖee fia be dometsotso gãwo le ɣletivi biliɔn gbogbo siwo le Milky Way ɣletivihatsotso si ƒe ɣletiviwo dzena abe ɖe woƒo ƒu ɖekae ene la dome. Nenema ke nusuekpɔmɔ̃ deŋgɔwo kpe ɖe ŋku gbɔlo ŋu wòkpɔe be le nyateƒe me la, nusiwo dzena abe nusiwo me dometsotso aɖeke mele o ene la nye atɔm siwo me dometsotsowo le ƒe ƒuƒoƒo.

 Nusiwo Le Suesue Ale Gbegbe

Le nu suetɔ kekeake si woate ŋu atsɔ nusuekpɔmɔ̃ si mede ŋgɔ akpa o akpɔ gɔ̃ hã me la, atɔm siwo sɔ gbɔ wu biliɔn ewo ye le eya hã me! Ke hã le ƒe 1897 me la, wogava kpɔe be nu wluiwlui siwo woyɔna be electron siwo nɔa xlã ƒom ye le atɔm la hã me. Emegbe wogava ke ɖe nucleus si le atɔm la ƒe titina si ŋu electron-wo nɔa xlã ƒomee la ŋu, eye wokpɔe be nu wluiwlui suesue bubuwo—neutron-wo kple proton-wo—esiwo lolo wu electron la le eya hã me. Atɔm nɔɖokuisi ƒomevi vovovo 88 siwo le anyigba dzi dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe lolome sɔ, gake woƒe kpekpeme ya le vovovo elabena nu wluiwlui vevi etɔ̃ siawo nɔa agbɔ sɔm ɖe edzi vivivii le wo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe me.

Electron–wo—le hydrogen-atɔm gome la, enyea electron ɖeka ko—trona le ya me ƒoa xlã nucleus si le atɔm ƒe titina zi gbɔ zi biliɔn nanewo le sɛkɛnd ƒe memama ɖe akpa miliɔn me ƒe ɖeka ɖesiaɖe me, esiae nana atɔm la dzena abe ɖe do mele eme o ene. Electron agbɔsɔsɔme si ade 1,840 kloe ƒe ƒuƒoƒoe anye proton alo neutron ɖeka ƒe kpekpeme. Proton kple neutron siaa le sue wu atɔm bliboa anɔ abe zi gbɔ zi 100,000 ene!

Be nàte ŋu akpɔ alesi gbegbe mɔ le atɔm la me le susu me la, dze agbagba nàkpɔ dometsotso si gbegbe le hydrogen-atɔm ƒe nucleus kple atɔm la ƒe electron si ƒoa xlãe dome ɖa le susu me. Ne nucleus ma, si nye proton ɖeka ko, le abe tenis-bɔl ƒe lolome ene la, ekema eƒe electron si le totrom ƒo xlãe anɔ adzɔge tso egbɔ abe kilometa 3 ene!

Wogblɔ le nyatakaka aɖe si ku ɖe keke ɖe electron ŋu ƒe ƒe 100 xɔxɔzã ɖuɣi ŋu me be: “Metrɔna na ame geɖe be woaɖu azã na nane si ame aɖeke mekpɔ kpɔ o, eye womate ŋu akpɔe kple ŋku o gake wònye nusi si kpekpeme kple elektrikŋusẽ le—eye wònɔa totrom le eɖokui si la o. . . . Egbea la, ame aɖeke mekea ɖi le nukpɔsusu si nye be nusiwo míate ŋu akpɔ kple ŋku gbeɖe o li la ŋu o.”

Nusiwo Gale Suesue Wu Gɔ̃ Hã Li

Atɔmgbãmɔ̃, siwo te ŋu dea dzo nu wluiwluiwlui siwo ƒo ƒu nye nu ɖeka me be wolɔa wo nɔewo sesĩe hegbãna la, wɔe be fifia dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo te ŋu kpɔ nusiwo le nucleus si le atɔm ƒe titina la me le mɔ sue aɖe nu. Ale wɔ wova ke ɖe nu siwo gale wluiwluiwlui wu kura ŋu, eye wona ŋkɔ masekpɔ siwo ŋu woŋlɔ nu tsoe la wo—wo dometɔ ʋɛ aɖewoe nye positrons, photons, mesons, quarks, kple gluons. Wole wluiwluiwlui ale gbegbe be nusuekpɔmɔ̃ deŋgɔtɔwo kekeake gɔ̃ hã mete ŋu kpɔa wo o. Gake to mɔ̃ tɔxɛ aɖewo siwo me wodea dzudzɔe kple esiwo me wodea futukpɔe kpakple nukpɔmɔ̃ siwo wotsɔ kpɔa alesi atɔm ƒe nucleus kea dzoe zazã me la, wote ŋu kpɔ woƒe anyinɔnɔ ƒe dzesiwo.

Fifia numekulawo kpɔ nusiwo ŋku mete ŋu kpɔna tsã o. To esia dzi la, wova le nusiwo woawo ŋutɔ wobu be wonye dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ vevitɔ eneawo la gɔme sem—siwo nye nuheŋusẽ, elektrik ƒe nuheŋusẽ, kple nukliaŋusẽ eve siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nu suesuewo dzi si woyɔna be ‘ŋusẽ si nu mesẽ akpa o’ kple ‘ŋusẽ si nu sẽ.’ Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala aɖewo di vevie be yewoaku nusianu me si nye nusɔsrɔ̃ si woyɔna be “nusianuŋutinunya,” si wole mɔ kpɔm be ana yewoase xexeame katã gɔme le mɔ ɖeka aɖe si me nunya le nu, tso nu gãgãwo dzi va ɖo nu wluiwluiwo dzi.

Nukawoe míate ŋu asrɔ̃ tso nusi ŋku gbɔlo mate ŋu akpɔ o la kpɔkpɔ me? Eye aleke nusi ame geɖewo va nya la na woƒo nya tae? Nyati siwo kplɔe ɖo la ɖo nya siawo ŋu.

[Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 3]

Nickel-atɔmwo (etame) kple platinum-atɔmwo ƒe dzedzeme

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Courtesy IBM Corporation, Research Division, Almaden Research Center