Ɣekaɣie Wotsrɔ̃ Blema Yerusalem?—Akpa Gbãtɔ
Ɣekaɣie Wotsrɔ̃ Blema Yerusalem?—Akpa Gbãtɔ
Nu si tae wòhiã be míanya nu si kpeɖodziawo ɖe fia
Esia nye Gbetakpɔxɔ me nyati eve siwo va ɖe wo nɔewo yome siwo dzro nyabiase goglo siwo ku ɖe ƒe si me wotsrɔ̃ blema Yerusalem ŋu me la ƒe gbãtɔ. Biabia siwo nuxlẽla aɖewo bia la ƒe ŋuɖoɖo, siwo ŋu wowɔ numekuku tsitotsito le hetu ɖe Biblia dzi la, le nyati eve siawo me.
“Ŋutinyaŋlɔla kple tomenukula akpa gãtɔ gblɔna be ƒe 586 alo ƒe 587 D.M.Ŋ. mee wotsrɔ̃ Yerusalem. * Nu ka tae Yehowa Ðasefowo gblɔna be ƒe 607 D.M.Ŋ. mee wotsrɔ̃e ɖo? Nu ka dzie mienɔ te ɖo ƒo nya ta alea?”
NYA siae míaƒe nuxlẽla aɖe bia. Gake nu ka tae wòle be míatsɔ ɖe le ƒe si tututu me Babilon Fia Nebukadnezar II tsrɔ̃ Yerusalem la me? Susu gbãtɔe nye be Yerusalem ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃a nye nudzɔdzɔ vevi aɖe le Mawu ƒe amewo ƒe ŋutinya me. Ŋutinyaŋlɔla aɖe gblɔ be “enye afɔku gã manyagblɔ aɖe vavã.” Ƒe ma mee gbedoxɔ si wɔa akpa vevitɔ le tadedeagu na Mawu Ŋusẽkatãtɔ la me ƒe 400 sɔŋ la nu yi. Biblia me hakpala aɖe fa konyi be: “O Mawu, dukɔwo nye zi ɖe wò domenyinu dzi, wodo gu wò gbedoxɔ kɔkɔe la eye wogbã Yerusalem wòzu anyiglãgoe.”—Psalmo 79:1, Agbenya La. *
Evelia, ne míenya ƒe si tututu me “afɔku gã” sia dze egɔme hese ale si tadedeagu vavãtɔ si wogbugbɔ ɖo anyi le Yerusalem la na Biblia me nyagblɔɖi aɖe va eme pɛpɛpɛ gɔme la, ana míaka ɖe Mawu ƒe Nya la ƒe nyateƒenyenye dzi geɖe wu. Gake nu ka tae Yehowa Ðasefowo da asi ɖe ƒe 607 D.M.Ŋ. dzi togbɔ be dometsotso si le ƒe ma kple esi dzi ame akpa gãtɔ da asi ɖo la nye ƒe 20 sɔŋ hã? Kpuie ko la, kpeɖodzi si le Biblia ŋutɔ me tae.
“Ƒe Blaadre” Na Ame Kawo?
Ƒe aɖewo do ŋgɔ na Yerusalem tsɔtsrɔ̃ la, Yuda nyagblɔɖila Yeremiya gblɔ nya vevi aɖe si ɖo kpe ɣeyiɣi si ŋu Biblia ƒo nu tsoe la dzi. Exlɔ̃ nu “Yerusalemtɔwo katã” be: “Anyigba sia azu aƒedo kple gbegbe, eye dukɔ sia asubɔ Babel-fia ƒe blaadre sɔŋ.” (Yeremiya 25:1, 2, 11) Emegbe egblɔ kpee be: “Ale Yehowa gblɔe nye esi: ‘Ne ƒe blaadre la de le Babilon la, ekema matrɔ susu ɖe mia ŋu, eye mawɔ ɖe nye nya nyui si megblɔ na mi la dzi ahakplɔ mi agbɔe ava teƒe sia.’” (Yeremiya 29:10, NW) Nu ka tae “ƒe blaadre” si ŋu woƒo nu tsoe le afi sia la le vevie na mí ɖo? Eye aleke ɣeyiɣi sia akpe ɖe mía ŋu míanya ƒe si me wotsrɔ̃ Yerusalem?
Biblia aɖewo gblɔ be ƒe 70 “na Babilonia” le esi teƒe be woagblɔ be “le Babilon.” (Agbenya La) Eya ta ŋutinyaŋlɔla aɖewo gblɔna be Babilon Fiaɖuƒea ŋue ƒe 70 la ku ɖo. Le agbalẽnyalawo ƒe ɣeyiɣikɔntabubuwo nu la, Babilon kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe blema Yuda kple Yerusalem nyigba la dzi ƒe 70, si dze egɔme tso ƒe 609 D.M.Ŋ. lɔƒo va se ɖe ƒe 539 D.M.Ŋ. me, si nye ƒe si me futɔwo dze Babilon dugã la dzi hexɔe.
Ke hã, Biblia ɖee fia be Mawue ɖoe be yeahe to na ame siwo le Yuda kple Yerusalem la vevie le ƒe 70 mawo me, le esi womewɔ nubabla si le wo kple Mawu dome be yewoaɖo to eyama la dzi o ta. (2 Mose 19:3-6) Esi wogbe be yewomatrɔ tso woƒe mɔ vɔ̃wo dzi o la, Mawu gblɔ be: “Makplɔ . . . Babel-fia Nebukadnezar vɛ, eye mana woava ƒo ɖe anyigba sia kple edzinɔlawo kple dukɔ sia katã dzi godoo.” (Yeremiya 25:4, 5, 8, 9) Togbɔ be Babilon adze dukɔ bubu siwo le nutoa me dzi hã la, Yeremiya gblɔ tso Yerusalem ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃a, kpakple emenɔlawo ƒe aboyomenɔnɔ ƒe 70 la ŋu be enye yeƒe “amewo ƒe tohehe,” elabena Yerusalem “ƒe nu vɔ̃wo kpe.”—Konyifahawo 1:8; 3:42; 4:6, Agbenya La.
Le Biblia ƒe nya nu la, ƒe 70-awo nye tohehe vevie ƒe ɣeyiɣi na Yuda, eye Babilontɔwo dzie Mawu to he to sia na wo. Ke hã, Mawu gblɔ na Yudatɔwo be: “Ne ƒe blaadre de . . . vɔ la, . . . magakplɔ mi ava teƒe sia,” si nye Yuda kple Yerusalem nyigba la dzi.—Yeremiya 29:10.
Ɣekaɣie “Ƒe Blaadre” La Dze Egɔme?
Mawu ƒe ame Ezra, nye ŋutinyaŋlɔla si nɔ anyi le ƒe 70 si ŋu Yeremiya ƒo nu tsoe la megbe, eye eŋlɔ tso Fia Nebukadnezar ŋu be: “Ekplɔ ame siwo susɔ, esiwo si le yi nu la yi aboyome le Babilonia eye wova zu subɔlawo na eya ŋutɔ kple viaŋutsuwo va se ɖe esime Persia fiaɖuƒe la xɔ ɖe eteƒe. Anyigba la xɔ eƒe Sabat dzudzɔwo. Edzudzɔ ɣeyiɣi siwo katã wònye aƒedo va se ɖe esime ƒe blaadre de le Yehowa ƒe nya si wògblɔ ɖi to Yeremia dzi la nu.”—2 Kronika 36:20, 21, Agbenya La.
Eya ta ƒe 70 la nye ɣeyiɣi si me Yuda kple Yerusalem nyigba la axɔ “Sabat dzudzɔwo.” Esia fia be womade agble ɖe anyigba la dzi o, eye womaƒã nuku alo aɖe wainkawo ŋu hã o. (3 Mose 25:1-5) Mawu ƒe amewo meɖo toe o, eye anɔ eme be Sabat ƒewo ƒe ɖoɖo siwo dzi womewɔ ɖo o hã le nu vɔ̃ siwo wowɔ la me. Le esia ta, to si woahe na woe nye be womade agble ɖe anyigba la dzi o, eye wòazu aƒedo ƒe 70.—3 Mose 26:27, 32-35, 42, 43.
Ɣekaɣie Yuda nyigba la zu aƒedo si dzi womede agble ɖo o? Le nyateƒe me la, Babilontɔwo dze Yerusalem dzi zi eve le Nebukadnezar ƒe kpɔkplɔ te, eye ƒe aɖewo tsò amedzidzedze gbãtɔ kple evelia dome. Ɣekaɣie ƒe 70 la dze egɔme? Mate ŋu anye esi Nebukadnezar ɖe to ɖe Yerusalem zi gbãtɔ megbee o. Nu ka tae? Togbɔ be Nebukadnezar kplɔ ame geɖe tso Yerusalem yi aboyo me le Babilon ɣemaɣi hã la, egblẽ ame aɖewo ɖe anyigba la dzi. Azɔ hã, metsrɔ̃ dua ŋutɔ o. Le ƒe siwo me wòkplɔ amewo yi aboyo me zi gbãtɔ la, Yudatɔ susɔeawo, siwo nye ‘dukɔ la ƒe ame dahewo,’ de agble ɖe anyigba la dzi. (2 Fiawo 24:8-17) Gake nuwo va trɔ kpata.
Yudatɔwo dze aglã ɖe Babilon ŋu, eya ta Babilontɔwo gatrɔ va Yerusalem. (2 Fiawo 24:20; 25:8-10) Wotsrɔ̃ dua kple eƒe gbedoxɔ kɔkɔe la, eye wokplɔ duametɔ geɖe yi aboyo me le Babilon. Le ɣleti eve pɛ ko me la, “Yudatɔwo katã [siwo susɔ ɖe anyigbaa dzi], kesinɔtɔwo kple ame dahewo kpakple asrafomegãwo katã si yi Egipte elabena wonɔ vɔvɔ̃m na Babiloniatɔwo.” (2 Fiawo 25:25, 26, Agbenya La) Esia dzɔ le Yudatɔwo ƒe ɣleti adrelia, si nye Tishri (September/October) me, eye ɣemaɣi ko hafi míate ŋu agblɔ be anyigba ma, si zu aƒedo si dzi womele agble dem ɖo o la, ƒe Sabat dzudzɔwo dze egɔme. Mawu to Yeremiya dzi gblɔ na Yudatɔ sitsoƒedila siwo nɔ Egipte la be: “Miekpɔ dzɔgbevɔ̃e, siwo katã mehe va Yerusalem kple Yuda-duwo katã dzi, eye kpɔ ɖa, wozu aƒedowo egbe siawo, eye ame aɖeke mele wo me o.” (Yeremiya 44:1, 2) Eya ta edze ƒãa be ƒe 70 la dze egɔme tso nudzɔdzɔ sia dzi. Eye ƒe ka mee esia dzɔ? Be míakpɔ ŋuɖoɖoa la, ele be míanya ƒe si me ƒe 70 la wu enu.
Ɣekaɣie “Ƒe Blaadre” La Wu Enu?
Nyagblɔɖila Daniel, ame si le agbe hafi “Persia fiaɖuƒea xɔ ŋusẽ” la, nɔ Babilon ɣemaɣi, eye wòbu ɣeyiɣi si ƒe 70 la awu enu ŋuti kɔnta. Eŋlɔ bena: “Nye Daniel melé ŋku ɖe agbalẽwo me ɖe ƒe, siwo ŋu Yehowa ƒe gbe va na nyagblɔɖila Yeremya ɖo be, woanye ƒe blaadre ayi ɖe Yerusalem ƒe aƒedo ŋu la ƒe xexlẽme ŋu.”—Daniel 9:1, 2.
Ezra de ŋugble le Yeremiya ƒe nyagblɔɖiwo ŋu, eye wòɖee fia be “ƒe blaadre” la de esi “Yehowa ʋã Kores, Persia fia ƒe dzi be wòaɖe gbeƒã.” (2 Kronika 36:21, 22, Agbenya La) Ɣekaɣie woɖe gbeƒã ablɔɖe na Yudatɔwo be woatrɔ ayi wo de? “Le Persia-fia Kores ƒe ƒe gbãtɔ” mee. (Kpɔ aɖaka si ƒe tanyae nye “Ƒe Vevi Aɖe Le Ŋutinya Me.”) Eya ta kaka ƒe 537 D.M.Ŋ. ƒe kele me naɖo la, Yudatɔwo trɔ yi Yerusalem be yewoagbugbɔ aɖo tadedeagu vavãtɔ anyi.—Ezra 1:1-5; 2:1; 3:1-5.
Eya ta le Biblia ƒe ɣeyiɣikɔntabubu nu la, ƒe 70 la xɔ ƒe blaadre ŋutɔŋutɔ, eye ƒe 537 D.M.Ŋ. mee wòwu enu. Eya ta ne míexlẽ ƒe 70 yi megbemegbee tso ƒe ma dzi la, akplɔ mí ava ƒe 607 D.M.Ŋ.
Gake ne Ŋɔŋlɔ kɔkɔeawo ɖo kpe edzi kɔtɛ be ƒe 607 D.M.Ŋ. mee wotsrɔ̃ Yerusalem la, ke nu ka tae agbalẽnyala geɖe gblɔna be ƒe 587 D.M.Ŋ. ye? Nu eve dzie wotu woƒe nukpɔsusua ɖo. Woawoe nye blema ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo kple Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia. Ðe míate ŋu aka ɖe nuŋlɔɖi siawo dzi wu Ŋɔŋlɔawoa? Na míakpɔe ɖa.
Blema Ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo—Míate Ŋu Aka Ðe Wo Dzi Bliboea?
Nya siwo ŋutinyaŋlɔla siwo nɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe le Yerusalem tsɔtsrɔ̃ megbe ŋlɔ tso Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea ƒe fiawo ŋu la meto mɔ ɖeka o. * (Kpɔ aɖaka si nye “Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea Ƒe Fiawo.”) Ɣeyiɣi kple ɖoɖo si nu wogblɔ be nuwo dzɔ le la mewɔ ɖeka kple Biblia tɔ o. Gake ɖe míate ŋu aka ɖe woƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo dzia?
Ŋutinyaŋlɔla siwo ƒe agbenɔɣi gogo Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea ƒe fiawo tɔ wu la dometɔ ɖekae nye Berossus, si nye Babilontɔwo ƒe “Bel nunɔla.” Agbalẽ si eya ŋutɔ ŋlɔ, si nye Babyloniaca, le ƒe 281 D.M.Ŋ. me la bu, eye eƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo ƒe akpa sue aɖe koe li míakpɔ egbea, le esi wodze le ŋutinyaŋlɔla bubuwo ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo me ta. Berossus gblɔ be yewɔ “agbalẽ siwo wodzra ɖo etɔxɛe le Babilon” la ŋu dɔ.1 Ðe ŋutinyaŋlɔla Berossus ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo de pɛpɛpɛa? Na míalé ŋku ɖe eƒe nuŋlɔɖi aɖe ŋu kpɔ.
Berossus ŋlɔ bena Asiria Fia Sanxerib “ɖu fia ɖe nɔviaŋutsu” yome; eye “le eyome la, viaŋutsu [Asar-Xadon ɖu fia] ƒe 8; eye Sammuges [Shamash-shuma-ukin] ɖu dzi ƒe 21 ɖe eyome.” (III, 2.1, 4) Ke hã, Babilontɔwo ƒe ŋutinya me nuŋlɔɖi siwo nɔ anyi xoxoxo do ŋgɔ na Berossus ƒe ŋkekea gblɔ be Sanxerib ɖu fia ɖe fofoa, Sargon II yome, ke menye nɔviaŋutsu o; Asar-Xadon ɖu fia ƒe 12, menye ƒe 8 o; eye Shamash-shuma-ukin ɖu fia ƒe 20, menye ƒe 21 o. Togbɔ be agbalẽnyala R. J. van der Spek lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be Berossus zã Babilontɔwo ƒe nyadzɔdzɔwo ŋuti nuŋlɔɖiwo hã la, egblɔ be: “Esia mexe mɔ nɛ be wòagatsɔ eya ŋutɔ ƒe nyawo kple numeɖeɖewo akpee o.”2
Aleke agbalẽnyala bubuwo bua Berossus? Aƒetɔ S. M. Burstein, ame si dzro Berossus ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo me tsitotsito la, gblɔ be “tsã la, wobua Berossus ŋutinyaŋlɔlae.” Gake aƒetɔ sia gblɔ kpee be: “Eƒe dɔwo meɖo dzidzenu si gbɔ wòle be ŋutinyaŋlɔla naɖo la gbɔ o. Togbɔ be Babyloniaca la ƒe akpa sue aɖe koe li fifia hã la, vodada siwo màbu kura o la le eme le nya siwo dze kɔtɛ la gɔ̃ hã me . . . Mesɔ kura be ŋutinyaŋlɔla nawɔ vodada siawo o, ke hã, menye ŋutinyaŋɔŋlɔ koŋue nye Berossus ƒe taɖodzinu o.”3
Azɔ nu kae nye wò susu? Ðe wòle be míabu Berossus ƒe akɔntabubuwo be wode pɛpɛpɛa? Ke blemaŋutinyaŋlɔla bubuawo, siwo tu woƒe ɣeyiɣikɔntabubuwo ƒe akpa gãtɔ ɖe Berossus ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo dzi ya ɖe? Ðe míate ŋu aka ɖe ŋutinya siwo woŋlɔ da ɖi la dzi ŋutɔŋutɔa?
Ptolemy Ƒe Nuŋlɔɖia
Ame siwo gblɔna be ƒe 587 D.M.Ŋ. mee wotsrɔ̃ Yerusalem la tua woƒe nyawo ɖe Claudius Ptolemy Ƒe Fiawo Ŋuti Nuŋlɔɖia hã dzi. Ptolemy nye ɣletiviŋutinunyala si nɔ anyi le ƒe alafa evelia M.Ŋ. me. Eye wobua eƒe nuŋlɔɖi siwo ku ɖe fiawo ƒe ŋkɔwo, siwo dome Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea ƒe fiawo hã le la, ŋu be wonye
blemaŋutinya me ɣeyiɣikɔntabubu ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi si ŋu kakaɖedzi le.Ƒe 600 le Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea ƒe fiawo megbee Ptolemy wɔ eƒe nuŋlɔɖia. Ekema aleke wòwɔ nya ƒe si me fia gbãtɔ si le eƒe nuŋlɔɖia dzi la te dziɖuɖu? Ptolemy ɖe nu me be to ɣletiviŋutinunya ƒe akɔntabubu siwo wonɔ te ɖe zãdokeliwo hã dzi bu nu la, yewote ŋu “bu akɔnta nya ƒe si me Nabonassar,” si nye fia gbãtɔ le eƒe nuŋlɔɖia dzi la, te dziɖuɖu.4 Le esia ta, Christopher Walker, si le Britain Blemanudzraɖoƒe la gblɔ tso Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia ŋu be “ame aɖe koe nɔ anyi bu tame wɔ nuŋlɔɖia be wòakpe ɖe ɣletiviŋutinunyalawo ŋu be woƒe ɣeyiɣikɔntabubuwo nato mɔ ɖeka,” ke menye be “wòakpe ɖe ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo ŋu woanya ɣeyiɣi si tututu dzi fiawo te dziɖuɖu kple woƒe kuɣiwo o.”5
Ame siwo ʋlia Ptolemy ta vevie la dometɔ ɖeka, si nye Leo Depuydt, ŋlɔ bena: “Amewo nyae tso gbe aɖe gbe ke be kakaɖedzi le [Ptolemy Ƒe] Nuŋlɔɖia ŋu le ɣletiviŋutinunya gome . . . Gake esia mefia be míate ŋu aka ɖe edzi le blemaŋutinya gome o.” Nufialagã Depuydt gagblɔ tso fiawo ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi sia ŋu be: “Le fia siwo ɖu dzi do ŋgɔ [siwo dome Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea ƒe fiawo le] gome la, ele be woatsɔ Nuŋlɔɖia asɔ kple nu si kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖiwo gblɔ tso ɖoɖo si nu fiawo ɖu dzi ɖe wo nɔewo yome la ŋu.”6
Nu kae nye ‘kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖi’ mawo siwo akpe ɖe mía ŋu míanya ne Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia de pɛpɛpɛ? Elɔ Babilon ƒe nyadzɔdzɔwo ŋuti nuŋlɔɖiwo, fiawo ƒe ŋkɔwo, kple asitsatsa ŋuti nuŋlɔɖiwo ɖe eme. Agbalẽŋlɔla siwo nɔ anyi le Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea ŋɔli, alo ɣeyiɣi si gogoe me lae wɔ kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖi siawo.7
Nya kae míagblɔ ne míetsɔ Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia sɔ kple kunifɔm la? Le aɖaka si nye “Nu Kae Ptolemy Ƒe Nuŋlɔɖia Tsɔtsɔ Sɔ Kple Blema Anyikpe Dzi Nuŋlɔɖiwo Ðe Fia?” (ele ete) me la, nuŋlɔɖia ƒe akpa aɖe dze le afi ma, eye wotsɔe sɔ kple blema kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖi aɖe. De dzesii be le Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia dzi la, Babilon fia ene koe ɖu dzi le Kandalanu kple Nabonido dome. Ke hã, anyikpe si dzi blema fiawo ƒe ŋkɔwo le, si woyɔna be Uruk King List, si nye kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖia ƒe akpa aɖe la, ɖee fia be fia adree ɖu dzi le ɣeyiɣi ma me. Ðe fia siawo ƒe dziɖuɣiwo le kpuie akpa? Ao, le kunifɔm asitsatsa ŋuti nuŋlɔɖiwo nu la, wo dometɔ ɖeka ɖu dzi ƒe adre sɔŋ.8
Azɔ hã, kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖia me kpeɖodzi sẽŋuwo ɖee fia be do ŋgɔ na Nabopolassar (Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea ƒe fia gbãtɔ) ƒe dziɖuɖu la, fia bubu (Ashur-etel-ilani) ɖu dzi ƒe ene le Babilonia. Azɔ hã, ƒe ɖeka kple edzivɔ la, fia aɖeke meɖu anyigba ma dzi o.9 Gake nya siawo ƒe ɖeke medze le Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia me o.
Nu ka tae Ptolemy meƒo nu tso fia aɖewo ŋu o? Edze abe esusu be medze be woabu wo ɖe Babilon fiawo dome o ene.10 Le kpɔɖeŋu me, meƒo nu tso Labashi-Marduk, si nye Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea ƒe fiawo dometɔ ɖeka, ŋu o. Gake le kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖiwo nu la, fia siwo ŋu Ptolemy meƒo nu tsoe o la ɖu Babilonia dzi hafi.
Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia de le go geɖe me ya. Gake esi nyatakaka vevi aɖewo medze le eƒe nuŋlɔɖia me o ɖe, ɖe míate ŋu aka ɖe edzi le blemaŋutinya ƒe ɣeyiɣikɔntabubuwo mea?
Nu Si Kpeɖodziawo Ðe Fia
Nyataƒoƒo: Biblia gblɔe kɔtɛ be Yudatɔwo nɔ aboyo me ƒe 70. Kpeɖodzi sẽŋuwo li, eye agbalẽnyala akpa gãtɔ lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be Yudatɔ aboyomewo trɔ yi wo de le ƒe 537 D.M.Ŋ. Ne míexlẽ ƒe 70 yi megbemegbee la, akplɔ mí ava ƒe 607 D.M.Ŋ. Togbɔ be blemaŋutinyaŋlɔlawo kple Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia mewɔ ɖeka kple ƒe sia o hã la, míate ŋu aka ɖe nuŋlɔɖi mawo dzi be wode pɛpɛpɛ o. Le nyateƒe me la, kpeɖodzi sẽŋuwo mele nuŋlɔɖi eve mawo ŋu siwo dzi woanɔ te ɖo aƒo nya ta be Biblia ƒe ɣeyiɣikɔntabubuwo mele eteƒe o.
Ke hã, biabia bubuwo gali. Ðe ŋutinya me kpeɖodzi aɖeke meli si fia be ƒe 607 D.M.Ŋ. mee wotsrɔ̃ Yerusalem oa? Nu kae kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖi siwo wonya ɣeyiɣi na, siwo ƒe akpa gãtɔ nuteƒekpɔla siwo nɔ anyi le blema ŋlɔ la ɖe fia? Míadzro biabia siawo me le Gbetakpɔxɔ si akplɔ esia ɖo me.
[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]
^ Woƒo nu tso ƒe eve siawo ŋu le agbalẽnyalawo ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo me. Gake be numedzodzroa nazɔ tẽe la, míazã ƒe 587 D.M.Ŋ. le nyati sia kple ekemɛ me. D.M.Ŋ. le tsitre ɖi na “Do Ŋgɔ Na Mía Ŋɔli.”
^ Yehowa Ðasefowo taa Biblia si gɔme woɖe nyuie si nye New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. Gake ne menye Yehowa Ðasefoe nènye o la, ɖewohĩ àdi be yeazã gɔmeɖeɖe bubuwo le Biblia me nyawo me dzodzro me. Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe vovovo siwo dzi ame geɖe da asi ɖo la me nyawo dze le nyati sia me.
^ Ɣeyiɣi si woyɔna le ŋutinya me be Babilon Fiaɖuƒe Yeyea la ƒe fia gbãtɔe nye Nebukadnezar fofo Nabopolassar, eye eƒe fia mamlɛtɔae nye Nabonido. Agbalẽnyalawo tsɔ ɖe le ɣeyiɣi sia me vevie, elabena ɣeyiɣi ma de nu ƒe 70 siwo Yudatɔwo tsɔ nɔ aboyo me la ƒe akpa gãtɔ me.
[Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 28]
ƑE VEVI AÐE LE ŊUTINYA ME
Kpeɖodzi siwo dzi wonɔ te ɖo bu akɔnta nya be ƒe 539 D.M.Ŋ. mee Kores II ɖu Babilon dzi lae nye esi:
▪ Blema ŋutinya me nuŋlɔɖiwo kple kunifɔm anyikpe dzi nuŋlɔɖiwo: Diodorus si tso Sicily (80-20 D.M.Ŋ. lɔƒo) ŋlɔ bena Kores zu Persia fia le “Olympiad Blaatɔ̃ Vɔ Atɔ̃ lia ƒe ƒe gbãtɔ me.” (Historical Library, Book IX, 21) Ƒe mae nye ƒe 560 D.M.Ŋ. Hela ŋutinyaŋlɔla Herodotus (485-425 D.M.Ŋ. lɔƒo) gblɔ be esi Kores “ɖu fia ƒe blaeve vɔ asieke megbee” wowui, si fia be eku le ƒe 530 D.M.Ŋ. me le eƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe ƒe 30 lia me. (Histories, Book I, Clio, 214) Kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖiwo ɖee fia be Kores ɖu Babilon dzi ƒe asieke hafi ku. Eye eku le ƒe 530 D.M.Ŋ. me, eya ta ƒe asieke do ŋgɔ na eƒe ku, si nye ƒe si me wòxɔ Babilon, la dze ƒe 539 D.M.Ŋ. dzi.
Kpeɖodzi si le kunifɔm anyikpe dzi nuŋlɔɖi dzi: Babilontɔwo ƒe anyikpe aɖe si dzi ɣletiviŋutinunya ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo le (BM 33066) la ɖo kpe edzi be Kores ku le ƒe 530 D.M.Ŋ. Togbɔ be vodada aɖewo le nuŋlɔɖi siwo le anyikpea dzi le ɣletiviŋutinunya gome hã la, eƒo nu tso ale si zãdokeli do zi eve le Cambyses II, si nye Kores viŋutsu si nyi edome la, ƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe ƒe adrelia me ŋu. Ɣletiviŋutinunyalawo bu akɔnta be zãdokeliawo do le Babilon le July 16, 523 D.M.Ŋ. kple January 10, 522 D.M.Ŋ. me, si fia be ƒe 523 D.M.Ŋ. ƒe adamee nye Cambyses ƒe ƒe adrelia ƒe gɔmedzedze. Esia afia be ƒe 529 D.M.Ŋ. mee wòte dziɖuɖu. Ekema Kores ƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe ƒe mamlɛtɔ anye ƒe 530 D.M.Ŋ., eye ƒe 539 D.M.Ŋ. ye anye ƒe si me wòte dziɖuɖu le Babilon.
[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]
Anyikpe: © The Trustees of the British Museum
[Aɖaka si le axa 31]
ETAƑOƑO KPUIE
▪ Ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo gblɔna zi geɖe be wotsrɔ̃ Yerusalem le ƒe 587 D.M.Ŋ. me.
▪ Biblia ƒe ɣeyiɣikɔntabubuwo ɖee fia kɔtɛ be wotsrɔ̃ Yerusalem le ƒe 607 D.M.Ŋ. me.
▪ Blemaŋutinyaŋlɔlawo ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo kple Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia koŋ dzie egbe ƒe ŋutinyaŋlɔlawo nɔ te ɖo ƒo nya ta nenema.
▪ Vodada gãwo dze le blemaŋutinyaŋlɔlawo ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo me, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi la, womewɔa ɖeka kple anyikpe dzi nuŋlɔɖiwo o.
[Aɖaka si le axa 31]
Etenuŋɔŋlɔ
1. Babyloniaca (Chaldaeorum Historiae), Book One, 1.1.
2. Studies in Ancient Near Eastern World View and Society, axa 295.
3. The Babyloniaca of Berossus, axa 8.
4. Almagest, III, 7, si gɔme G. J. Toomer ɖe ɖe eƒe agbalẽ si nye Ptolemy’s Almagest, si wota le ƒe 1998 me la ƒe axa 166. Ptolemy nyae be Babilon ƒe ɣletiviŋutinunyalawo to akɔntabubuŋutinunya dzi “bu” ɣeyiɣi siwo zãdokeli do va yi kple ɣeyiɣi si me wòagado ake, elabena wode dzesii be zãdokeli siwo le nɔnɔme ɖeka me la dona ƒe 18 ɖe sia ɖe.—Almagest, IV, 2.
5. Mesopotamia and Iran in the Persian Period, axa 17-18.
6. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Babla 47, ƒe 1995, axa 106-107.
7. Kunifɔm nye nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe mɔnu aɖe si me agbalẽŋlɔla zãna nuŋlɔti si ƒe nugbɔ le gbabɛ la tsɔ ɖea ŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo ɖe tsu dzi.
8. Sin-sharra-ishkun ɖu fia ƒe adre. Asitsatsa ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi siwo le anyikpe 57 dzi la ƒo nu tso eŋu, eye kpeɖodzi li be womè anyikpe siawo le eƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe ƒe gbãtɔ va de asi na ƒe adrelia me. Kpɔ Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Babla 35, ƒe 1983, axa 54-59.
9. Ɣeyiɣikɔntabubuwo ɖee fia be womè asitsatsa ŋuti nuŋlɔɖikpe si nye C.B.M. 2152 la le fia Ashur-etel-ilani ƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe ƒe enelia me. (Legal and Commercial Transactions Dated in the Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods—Chiefly From Nippur, eŋlɔlae nye A.T. Clay, 1908, axa 74.) Azɔ hã, agbalẽ si nye Harran Inscriptions of Nabonidus, (H1B), I, ƒe fli 30 lia gblɔ be eyomee Nabopolassar ɖu fia ɖo. (Anatolian Studies, Babla VIII, 1958, axa 35, 47.) Àte ŋu axlẽ nu tso ƒe si me fia aɖeke menɔ anyi o la ŋu le Chronicle 2 lia ƒe fli 14 lia me, le agbalẽ si nye Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles me, axa 87-88.
10. Agbalẽnyala aɖewo tea tɔ ɖe edzi be nu si tae Ptolemy, si ŋu wogblɔ le be Babilon fiawo ko ŋue wòƒo nu tsoe la, meƒo nu tso fia aɖewo ŋu o ye nye be dzesideŋkɔ si nye “Asiria Fia,” ye nɔ wo si. Ke hã, abe ale si nàde dzesii le aɖaka si le axa 30 me ene la, dzesideŋkɔ si nye “Asiria Fia” la le fia siwo dze le Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia me la dometɔ geɖe si. Asitsatsa ŋuti nuŋlɔɖiwo, kunifɔm lɛtawo, kple anyikpe dzi nuŋlɔɖiwo ɖee fia kɔtɛ be fia siwo nye Ashur-etel-ilani, Sin-shumu-lishir, kple Sin-sharra-ishkun la, ɖu Babilonia dzi.
[Nyaɖoɖo/Nɔnɔmetata ŋu nya si le axa 29]
(Edze nyuie le agbalẽa ŋutɔ me)
BABILON FIAÐUƑE YEYEA ƑE FIAWO
Ðe míate ŋu aka ɖe ŋutinyaŋlɔla siawo siwo ƒe nyawo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu la dzia?
BEROS- POLYHIS- JOSE- PTOL-
SUS TOR PHUS EMY
c. 350-270 105-? 37-?100 100-170 M.Ŋ.
D.M.Ŋ. D.M.Ŋ. M.Ŋ. lɔƒo
Kings
Nabopo-
lassar 21 20 — 21
Nebuchad-
nezzar II 43 43 43 43
Amel-
Marduk 2 12 18 2
Neri-
glissar 4 4 40 4
Labashi-
Marduk ɣleti 9 — ɣleti 9 —
Naboni-
dus 17 17 17 17
Fiawo ƒe dziɖuɣiwo (le ƒexexlẽ nu) abe ale si wòdze le blemaŋutinya me nuŋlɔɖiwo me ene
[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]
Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum
[Nyaɖoɖo/Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 30]
(Edze nyuie le agbalẽa ŋutɔ me)
NU KAE PTOLEMY ƑE NUŊLƆÐIA TSƆTSƆ SƆ KPLE BLEMA ANYIKPE DZI NUŊLƆÐIWO ÐE FIA?
Ptolemy meƒo nu tso fia aɖewo ŋu o. Nu ka tae?
PTOLEMY ƑE NUŊLƆÐIWO
Nabonassar
Nabu-nadin-zeri (Nadinu)
Mukin-zeri and Pul
Ululayu (Shalmaneser V)
“Asiria Fia”
Merodach-baladan
Sargon II “Asiria Fia”
Zi Gbãtɔ Si Fia Menɔ Anyi O
Bel-ibni
Ashur-nadin-shumi
Nergal-ushezib
Mushezib-Marduk
Zi Evelia Si Fia Menɔ Anyi O BLEMAFIAWO ƑE ŊKƆ
Asar-Xadon “Asiria Fia” SIWO LE URUK KING
Shamash-shuma-ukin LIST ƑE ANYIKPEA DZI
Kandalanu Kandalanu
Sin-shumu-lishir
Sin-sharra-ishkun
Nabopolassar Nabopolassar
Nebukadnezar Nebukadnezar
Amel-Marduk Amel-Marduk
Neriglissar Neriglissar
Labashi-Marduk
Nabonido Nabonido
Kores
Cambyses
[Nɔnɔmetata]
Babilontɔwo ƒe nyadzɔdzɔwo ŋuti nuŋlɔɖiwo hã kpe ɖe kunifɔm nuŋlɔɖi siwo kpena ɖe mía ŋu míenyana nenye be Ptolemy ƒe nuŋlɔɖia de pɛpɛpɛ
[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]
Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum
[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 31]
Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum