Roma Gbɛjegbɛi Haa Anaa Bɔ Ni Blemabii Gbalaa Gbɛjegbɛi Haa
Roma Gbɛjegbɛi Haa Anaa Bɔ Ni Blemabii Gbalaa Gbɛjegbɛi Haa
TE KAIMƆ nibii ni yɔɔ Roma lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni sa kadimɔ fe fɛɛ lɛ? Ani obaakɛɛ no ji Shwɛmɔhe Wulu ní etsũkoi lɛ kãhe eyɔɔ Roma lɛ? Nibii ni Romabii efee lɛ ateŋ nɔ ní etsɛ fe fɛɛ ni asaŋ ená yinɔbii babaoo anɔ hewalɛ ji amɛgbɛjegbɛi lɛ.
Akɛ guɔyeli nibii tsɔɔ Roma gbɛjegbɛi wuji lɛ anɔ ni asraafoi hu fãa gbɛ kɛtsɔɔ nɔ. Gbɛjegbɛi nɛɛ hu eye ebua yɛ gbɛ̀i krokomɛi anɔ. Romolo A. Staccioli ni ji blema niŋmaai ahe nilelɔ lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ gbɛjegbɛi nɛɛ anɔ atsɔ “agbɛ susumɔi, kusum nifeemɔi, jeŋ nilee kɛ jamɔŋ tsɔɔmɔi” ní Kristofoi anɔ̃ hu fata he lɛ “ashwã.”
Yɛ blema lɛ, abuɔ Roma gbɛjegbɛi lɛ akɛ nibii ni he hiaa waa ní haa akaiɔ saji komɛi. Romabii lɛ kɛ afii ohai abɔ gbala gbɛjegbɛi kakadaji yɛ he ni amrɔ nɛɛ maji fe 30 yɔɔ lɛ, ni kɛ́ atsara gbɛjegbɛi nɛɛ fɛɛ lɛ, amɛkɛlɛ fe kilomitai 80,000.
Romanyo baakɛɛ bo akɛ Via Appia ni ji Appia Gbɛjegbɛ lɛ ji via publica, ni tsɔɔ akɛ no ji gbɛjegbɛ wuji ni he hiaa lɛ ateŋ klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ̃ ni agba. Ale lɛ akɛ gbɛjegbɛi amli gbɛjegbɛ, ni ekã shi kɛjɛ Roma kɛtee Brundisium (amrɔ nɛɛ ale lɛ akɛ Brindisi), ní lɛjiadaamɔhe yɔɔ jɛmɛ ní atsɔɔ jɛmɛ kɛyaa Bokagbɛ maji lɛ amli lɛ. Roma maŋ onukpa ni ji Appius Claudius Caecus ni je gbɛ nɛɛ gbamɔ shishi yɛ aaafee afi 312 D.Ŋ.B., ni lɛ egbɛi akɛwo gbɛjegbɛ lɛ. Atsɔɔ gbɛjegbɛi krokomɛi tamɔ Via Salaria kɛ Via Flaminia kɛyaa Roma, ni gbɛjegbɛi enyɔ nɛɛ fɛɛ kãmɔ shi yɛ bokagbɛ kɛyaa Adria Ŋshɔ lɛ naa, ni atsɔɔ gbɛjegbɛi nɛɛ anɔ hu kɛyaa Balkan maji lɛ amli kɛ agbɛnɛ hu Rhine kɛ Danube faai lɛ akpokpai anɔ. Gbɛjegbɛ ni ji Via Aurelia lɛ kã shi kɛyaa kooyigbɛ maŋ ni ji Gaul kɛ Iberia Ŋshɔkpɔ lɛ nɔ, ni Via Ostiensis lɛ hu kã shi kɛyaa Ostia, ni Romabii lɛ sumɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛjiadaamɔhe lɛ tsɔmɔ kɛ́ amɛmiiya Afrika aloo amɛjɛ jɛmɛ kɛmiiba amɛmaŋ.
Romabii Anitsumɔ ní Da Fe Fɛɛ
Romabii yɛ gbɛjegbɛi dani amɛbɔi eheei gbalamɔ. Gbɛŋta ko ni blemabii kpeɔ yɛ jɛmɛ kɛfoɔ Tiber Faa lɛ ji he ni ato maŋ lɛ shishi yɛ. Blema woji tsɔɔ akɛ, Romabii lɛ kase bɔ ni Carthagebii gbalaa gbɛjegbɛi, ni no ha amɛnyɛ amɛgbala gbɛjegbɛi ni amɛtsɔɔ nɔ lɛ jogbaŋŋ. Shi mɛi diɛŋtsɛ ni tsɔ Romabii lɛ ahiɛ ní ale akɛ amɛgbaa gbɛjegbɛi jogbaŋŋ ji Etruriabii lɛ. Gbɛjegbɛi ni amɛgbala lɛ ekomɛi yɛ lolo. Kɛfata he lɛ, dani abaato Roma maŋ lɛ, no mli lɛ gbɛ̀i ni gbɛfalɔi fɔɔ nɔ tsɔmɔ babaoo yɛ nakai kpokpai lɛ anɔ. Ekolɛ kooloi akwɛlɔi kɛ amɛkooloi tsɔɔ nakai gbɛ̀i lɛ anɔ kɛyaa niyeli. Gbɛ̀i nɛɛ anɔnyiɛmɔ wa ejaakɛ enɔ fãa mlu yɛ hulutsoo beaŋ, ni nugbɔnɛmɔ beaŋ lɛ, enɔ woɔ ŋmɔtɔ. Romabii fɔɔ gbɛjegbɛi agbalamɔ yɛ gbɛ̀i ni tamɔ nakai anɔ.
Gbɛjegbɛi ni Romabii lɛ gbala lɛ yɛ hewalɛ, amɛshikamɔ yɛ fɛo ni amɛhe yɛ sɛɛnamɔ jogbaŋŋ. Bɔ ni amɛgbala gbɛjegbɛi lɛ amɛha ji akɛ, amɛkwɛɔ he ni kɛ́ amɛkɛ gbɛjegbɛ lɛ tsɔ ni amɛbaashɛ maŋ ni amɛtaoɔ eyatsɔ mli lɛ oya, kɛkɛ lɛ, amɛgba kɛtsɔ jɛi, ni no hewɔ ni amɛgbɛjegbɛi lɛ babaoo kãmɔ shi trɔmɔɔ kakadaji lɛ. Shi bei pii lɛ, amɛkwɛɔ bɔ ni nibii tamɔ faai, gɔji, kpaakpoi kɛ ekrokomɛi ni tamɔ nakai lɛ ashikamɔ loo ashimaamɔ yɔɔ ni amɛgbalaa gbɛjegbɛi lɛ kɛtsɔmɔɔ he. Yɛ hei ni gɔji kɛ gɔŋkpɔi yɔɔ lɛ, Romabii lɛ gbala gbɛjegbɛi lɛ kɛtsɔmɔ gɔji lɛ afãgbɛ he ni hulu la shwieɔ lɛ. Enɛ haa kɛ́ kɔɔyɔŋ tsake po lɛ, mɛi nyɛɔ amɛfãa gbɛ yɛ nɔ ní amɛkɛ naagbai tsɔ ko ekpeee.
Shi mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ Romabii lɛ tsɔ amɛgbala amɛgbɛjegbɛi lɛ? Amɛtsɔ gbɛ̀i srɔtoi anɔ amɛfee nakai, shi blema nibii ni atsa shi ana lɛ eha ayɔse gbɛ̀i nɛɛ ekomɛi, ni nomɛi ahe ji nɔ ni wɔbaasusu he yɛ sane nɛɛ mli lɛ.
Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, ahaa shikpɔŋ susulɔi kwɛɔ he ni gbɛjegbɛ lɛ baatsɔ. Kɛ́ amɛkadi he ni gbɛ lɛ baatsɔ amɛgbe naa lɛ, shitsaa nyiɛɔ sɛɛ, ni mɛi ni ahaa amɛtsuɔ enɛ ji asraafoi, apaafoi, aloo nyɔji. Atsaa gbɛ lɛ toi biɛ-kɛ-biɛ lɛ fɛɛ. Kɛ́ atsa gbɛ lɛ toi lɛ, hei ni gbɛ lɛ elɛɛɛ yɛ kwraa lɛ lɛɛmɔ shɛɔ mitai 2.4, shi bei pii lɛ, gbɛ lɛ lɛɛmɔ ji mitai 4, ni hei ni gbɛ lɛ lɔgɔɔ shi lɛ, emli lɛɛɔ fe nakai. Atsaa shi kɛyashiɔ ayaninaa shikpɔŋ ni wa. Kɛ́ ajie sũ lɛ yɛ bui lɛ amli agbe naa lɛ, akɛ nibii srɔtoi etɛ loo ejwɛ tsĩɔ bui lɛ. Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, alooɔ tɛi wuji awoɔ mli. No sɛɛ lɛ, atsɔɔ tɛi bibiibii loo tɛi fɛtɛfɛtɛi awoɔ mli, ni ekolɛ akɛ sɛmɛnti futuɔ. Naagbee lɛ, akɛ ŋmilitsa loo tɛi ni atso lɛ bibiibii shwieɔ nɔ ni ashimɔɔ ni amɛhe mɔɔ amɛhe. Kɛ́ agba gbɛ lɛ atã ni osusu elɛɛmɔ ní okɛ gbɛ lɛ toi biɛ-kɛ-biɛ ni asaa nɔ ahaa nantutswalɔi lɛ fata he lɛ, fɛɛ lɛɛmɔ feɔ mitai 10.
Romabii agbɛjegbɛi lɛ ekomɛi yɛ ni ŋmilitsa folo akɛsaa nɔ. Kɛlɛ, gbɛjegbɛi ni akɛ tɛi tɛtrɛbii etara nɔ lɛ ji nɔ ni mɔ mɛi ni hi shi yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ atsui titri. Bei pii lɛ, tɛsaai ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ akoɔ lɛ tɛi tɛtrɛbii ni akɛtaraa gbɛ̀i ni tamɔ nakai lɛ anɔ. Awoɔ gbɛ lɛ teŋ nɔ bɔni afee ni kɛ́ nugbɔ nɛ lɛ, nu lɛ aho kɛbote nujɔɔi ni agbala yɛ gbɛ lɛ toi biɛ-kɛ-biɛ lɛ amli. Enɛ fata he ni gbɛjegbɛi nɛɛ ekomɛi enyɛ ehi shi kɛbashi wɔgbii nɛɛ.
Beni agbe Appia Gbɛjegbɛ lɛ naa aaafee afii 900 sɛɛ lɛ, yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Procopius ni jɛ Byzantium lɛ wie he akɛ “ehenɔ bɛ.” Beni ewieɔ tɛi tɛtrɛbii ni akɛtara gbɛ lɛ nɔ lɛ ahe lɛ, eŋma akɛ: “Eyɛ mli akɛ afee nɛɛ afii babaoo eho, ni tsɔnei kɛ shwiilii pii tsɔɔ nɔ daa moŋ, shi amɛjwarako ni amɛfamɔko hu.”
Te fee tɛŋŋ anyɛ agba gbɛjegbɛi nɛɛ kɛtsɔ nibii tamɔ faai anɔ? Afee faa-hiɛ-agbai yɛ hei ni faai yɔɔ lɛ, ni nomɛi ye bua ni anyɛ agba gbɛ lɛ kɛtsɔ faai anɔ. Faa-hiɛ-agbai nɛɛ ekomɛi yɛ kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ, ni no haa anaa bɔ ni Romabii ni hi shi yɛ blema beaŋ lɛ ahe esa yɛ ŋaa nitsumɔ mli hã. Romabii lɛ gbala amɛgbɛjegbɛi lɛ ekomɛi kɛtsɔmɔ gɔŋkpɔi amli. Ekolɛ no mli lɛ, abɛ enɛ feemɔ he nilee tsɔ, ni akɛni ayako hiɛ hu tsɔ yɛ tsɔnei kɛ nitsumɔ mli hewɔ lɛ, no ha ebafee nitsumɔ ko ni wa waa. Wolo ko ni akɛpɛiɔ saji amli tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Ebaahé afii ohai abɔ dani abaanyɛ afee nibii ni mɛi ni gbala Roma gbɛjegbɛi lɛ fee lɛ.” Bu ni agbuɔ awoɔ gɔŋkpɔi amli bɔni afee ni gbɛjegbɛ anyɛ atsɔ mli lɛ ateŋ ekome ji Furlo, ni eyɛ Via Flaminia gbɛjegbɛ lɛ nɔ. Mɛi ni gba gbɛ lɛ hé sɛi ni amɛto nibii ahe gbɛjianɔ jogbaŋŋ, ni yɛ afi 78 Ŋ.B. lɛ, amɛgba gbɛ lɛ kɛtsɔ nakai gɔŋkpɔ lɛ mli. Bu ni agbu awo gɔŋkpɔ lɛ mli lɛ mli jɛkɛmɔ ji mitai 40, ni emlikwɔlɛ ji mitai 5 ni emli lɛɛmɔ hu ji mitai 5. Eji nitsumɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ waa ejaakɛ no mli lɛ ayako hiɛ tsɔ yɛ nitsumɔ dadei agbɛfaŋ. Gbɛjegbɛi ni agbala kɛtsɔ gɔŋkpɔi amli lɛ fata nibii heei ni sa kadimɔ waa ni adesai nyɛ amɛfee yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ ahe.
Gbɛfalɔi Gbɛ Nilee Amɛshwã
Mɛi tamɔ asraafoi, guɔyelɔi, shiɛlɔi, mɛi ni fãa gbɛ kɛyasharaa shi yɛ maji krokomɛi anɔ, mɛi ni jieɔ mɛi ahiɛtserɛ, kɛ mɛi srɔtoisrɔtoi fã gbɛ kɛtsɔ gbɛjegbɛi nɛɛ anɔ. Mɛi ni tswaa nantu lɛ nyiɛɔ aaafee kilomitai 25 kɛmɔ kilomitai 30 daa gbi. Akɛ tɛi akulashiŋi ní tsɔɔ gbɛfalɔi lɛ gbɛ lɛ jɛkɛmɔ mamɔɔ gbɛ̀i lɛ ahe. Eyɛ mli akɛ akulashiŋi nɛɛ ehiɛɛɛ henɔ kome moŋ, shi bei pii lɛ afeɔ lɛ kokroo, ni gbɛ jɛkɛmɔ mitai 1,480 fɛɛ mitai 1,480 lɛ, akɛ eko maa shi—gbɛ jɛkɛmɔ mitai 1,480 lɛ ji Romabii ashitoo kome loo kilomita kome. Ayɛ hei hu ni gbɛfalɔi jɔɔ amɛhe, ni gbɛfalɔ baanyɛ etsake okpɔŋɔ ni ekɛfãa gbɛ lɛ yɛ hei nɛɛ, ni ahɔ̃ɔ niyenii hu yɛ jɛmɛ, ni gbɛfalɔ po baanyɛ aye jenamɔ lɛ yɛ jɛmɛ. Sɛɛ mli lɛ, hei nɛɛ batsɔmɔ maji bibii.
Beni eshwɛ fioo ni abaato Kristofoi ajamɔ lɛ shishi lɛ, Kaisare Augusto je gbɛjegbɛi akwramɔ nitsumɔ ko shishi. Ehala maŋ onukpai ni ekɛ gbɛjegbɛ kome loo nɔ ni fe nakai nɔkwɛmɔ wo amɛdɛŋ. Eha afee nɔ ni ale lɛ akɛ miliarium aureum, ni ji shikatsuru akulashiŋ ní tsɔɔ mɔ gbɛ jɛkɛmɔ ama Roma Maŋ Jaanɔ. Roma gbɛjegbɛi fɛɛ ni yɔɔ Italy lɛ yagbeɔ naa yɛ akulashiŋ ni akɛ akɔɔble eŋmala nɔ nii nɛɛ he. Enɛ haa abuɔ abɛ akɛ: “Gbɛ̀i fɛɛ yaa Roma” lɛ. Augusto ha afee gbɛjegbɛi fɛɛ ni yɔɔ Roma nɔyeli lɛ mli lɛ ahe mfoniri yɛ wolo mli ni akɛkpɛtɛ shi ni maŋbii yakwɛ. Gbɛjegbɛi lɛ ahe ba sɛɛnamɔ jogbaŋŋ kɛha mɛi, ni kɛ́ akɛto bɔ ni afeɔ gbɛjegbɛi ahaa yɛ no beaŋ lɛ he lɛ, anaa akɛ afee lɛ jogbaŋŋ diɛŋtsɛ.
Mɛi ni fã gbɛ yɛ blema lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi po hiɛɔ woji ni tsɔɔ mɔ gbɛ kɛ́ amɛmiifã gbɛ. Woji ni tsɔɔ mɔ gbɛ nɛɛ haa gbɛfalɔ lɛ leɔ gbɛ jɛkɛmɔ ni kã shitoohe kome kɛyaa ekroko lɛ teŋ, kɛ nibii krokomɛi ni gbɛfalɔ baanyɛ aná he sɛɛ yɛ shitoohei nɛɛ. Shi akɛni woji nɛɛ ajara wa hewɔ lɛ, jeee gbɛfalɔi fɛɛ nyɛ eko amɛhé.
Kɛlɛ, Kristofoi sanekpakpashiɛlɔi to gbɛjianɔ ni amɛfã gbɛ kɛtee hei shɔŋŋ-shɔŋŋ. Bɔfo Paulo yinɔbii lɛ fɔɔ lɛji kɛ gbɛfãa, ni lɛ hu efeɔ nakai kɛ́ eefã gbɛ kɛmiiya maji ni yɔɔ bokagbɛ lɛ amli. Ekɛ eyinɔbii lɛ feɔ nakai ejaakɛ kɔɔyɔɔ ni tswaa ŋshɔ nɔ yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ haa lɛlɛ kɛ gbɛfãa feɔ mlɛo. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 14:25, 26; 20:3; 21:1-3) Hulutsoo beaŋ lɛ, kɔɔyɔɔ ni tswaa yɛ Mediteranea ŋshɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ tswaa kɛjɛɔ anaigbɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, bei pii kɛ́ Paulo miifã gbɛ kɛmiiya maji ni yɔɔ anaigbɛ lɛ amli lɛ, etsɔɔ Roma gbɛjegbɛi lɛ anɔ. Paulo kɛ shihilɛi srɔtoi nɛɛ tsu nii kɛto emaŋsɛɛ sanekpakpa shiɛmɔ nitsumɔ ni ji enyɔ kɛ nɔ ni ji etɛ lɛ ahe gbɛjianɔ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 15:36-41; 16:6-8; 17:1, 10; 18:22, 23; 19:1) * Aaafee afi 59 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Paulo fã gbɛ kɛtsɔ Appia Gbɛjegbɛ lɛ nɔ kɛtee Roma ni ekɛ enanemɛi heyelilɔi lɛ yakpe yɛ Apiiforo ni ji Appius Jaanɔ ní dekã bɛ jɛmɛ lɛ. Eyɛ Roma wuoyi-bokagbɛ, ni kɛjɛ jɛmɛ kɛyaa Roma lɛ ji gbɛ jɛkɛmɔ kilomitai 74. Mɛi krokomɛi hu mɛ lɛ yɛ Tretaberna shitoohe ní kɛ Roma jɛkɛmɔ ji kilomitai 14 lɛ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 28:13-15) Aaafee afi 60 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Paulo wie akɛ ashiɛ sanekpakpa lɛ “yɛ jeŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ” ni ji maji ni yɔɔ nakai beaŋ lɛ. (Kolosebii 1:6, 23) Gbɛjegbɛi lɛ ye bua ni anyɛ atsu enɛ he nii.
No hewɔ lɛ, Roma gbɛjegbɛi lɛ ahenɔ bɛ, ni gbɛ̀i nɛɛ baaya nɔ aha mɛi akai nibii ni eho—ni atsɔ gbɛjegbɛi nɛɛ anɔ hu ni agbɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ he sanekpakpa lɛ ashwã.—Mateo 24:14.
[Shishigbɛ niŋmaa]
^ kk. 18 Kwɛmɔ shikpɔŋ he mfoniri ni yɔɔ wolo ni ji ‘Kwɛmɔ Shikpɔŋ Kpakpa Lɛ’ baafa 33 lɛ mli. Mɛi ni fee ji Yehowa Odasefoi.
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 14]
Romabii akulashiŋ ni tsɔɔ mɔ gbɛ jɛkɛmɔ
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 15]
Gbɛjegbɛ ko ni kã blema Ostia maŋ lɛ mli yɛ Italy
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 15]
Gbɛ nɛɛ yɛ Austria, ni blema shwiilii ni wo enɔ bui lɛ
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 15]
Romabii agbɛjegbɛi ní akulashiŋi ni tsɔɔ mɔ gbɛ jɛkɛmɔ mamɔ he lɛ eko nɛ, gbɛ nɛɛ yɛ Yordan
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 15]
Via Appia gbɛjegbɛ ni kã Roma klotia lɛ
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 16]
Blema saŋi komɛi ni yɔɔ
Via Appia gbɛjegbɛ lɛ he yɛ Roma maŋtiase lɛ sɛɛ
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 16]
Furlo Bu, agbu bu nɛɛ awo gɔŋkpɔ lɛ mli ni Via Flaminia gbɛ lɛ nyɛ etsɔ mli, eyɛ Marche
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 17]
Tiberio faa-hiɛ-agba ní Via Emilia gbɛjegbɛ lɛ tsɔɔ nɔ yɛ Rimini, Italy
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 17]
Paulo kɛ enanemɛi heyelilɔi lɛ kpe yɛ Apiiforo ni ji Appius Jaanɔ ní dekã bɛ jɛmɛ lɛ
[Hei ni Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 15 lɛ Jɛ]
Yɛ abɛkugbɛ kwraa, Ostia: ©danilo donadoni/Marka/age fotostock; ninejurɔgbɛ kwraa, gbɛjegbɛi ni akulashiŋi mamɔ he: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.