Ebla Blema Maŋ Ko Ni Hiɛ Je Nɔ

Yɛ afi 1962 latsaa beaŋ lɛ, oblanyo fioo Paolo Mattiae ní eji blema nibii ni atsaa shi ataoɔ lɛ ahe nilelɔ ni jɛ Italy lɛ yakwɛ bɔ ni ŋa ni yɔɔ Siria kooyi-anaigbɛ lɛ kã shi ha lɛ akɛ aleenɔ eeena blemabii lɛ ahe nɔ ko yɛ jɛmɛ lo. Abuɔ Siria maŋ lɛ akɛ eji he ko ni kɛ́ aatsa shi kɛmiitao blema nibii lɛ, enyɔoo ko pɛ abaana. Kɛlɛ, afii enyɔ sɛɛ beni abɔi shitsaa yɛ Tell Mardikh, ní yɔɔ Aleppo wuoyigbɛ ní gbɛ jɛkɛmɔ ni kã amɛteŋ ji aaafee kilomitai 60 lɛ, ayana nɔ ko ni mɛi babaoo susuɔ akɛ ‘no ji blema nibii ni atsa shi ana yɛ afi 1900 afii lɛ amli lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ.’

BLEMA niŋmai yeɔ he odase akɛ maŋ ko ehi shi pɛŋ ni atsɛ́ɔ lɛ Ebla. Kɛlɛ, mɔ ko leee Mediteranea kpokpai lɛ anɔ he tuuntu ni maŋ lɛ hi. Niŋmaa ko tsɔɔ akɛ Sargon ni ji Akkad maŋtsɛ lɛ ye “Mari, Yarmuti, kɛ Ebla” maji lɛ anɔ kunim. Niŋmaa kroko tsɔɔ akɛ, Sumeria Maŋtsɛ Gudea wie ákɛ akɛ tsei ni jara wa jɛ “Ibla [Ebla] gɔji lɛ anɔ” abaha lɛ. Ebla fata maji ni aŋmala amɛhe saji ashwie shi yɛ Karnak yɛ Egypt akɛ Farao Thutmose III lɛ ye amɛnɔ kunim lɛ ahe. Belɛ, obaana nɔ̃ hewɔ ni mɛi ni tsaa shi kɛtaoɔ blema nibii lɛ ebɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ amɛaatao he ni Ebla hi lɛ.

Kɛlɛ, beni atee nɔ atsa shi lɛ, ana nibii krokomɛi. Yɛ afi 1968 lɛ, ana Ibbit-Lim ní ye maŋtsɛ yɛ Ebla lɛ he amaga ko. Aŋma naashiwoo ko yɛ Akkadbii awiemɔ mli yɛ he, ni niŋmaa lɛ miitsɔɔ akɛ atu amaga lɛ aha nyɔŋmɔyoo Ishtar ní “hé gbɛi waa yɛ Ebla lɛ.” Hɛɛ, nibii ni atsa shi ana lɛ ha abale “wiemɔ, yinɔsane, kɛ kusum ko ní kulɛ aleee.”

Tɛtaoi komɛi ni atsa shi ana yɛ afi 1974 kɛ afi 1975 lɛ mli ní tsĩɔ blema Ebla maŋ lɛ tã shii abɔ lɛ ha aná nɔmimaa akɛ Tell Mardikh ji he ni nakai blema maŋ lɛ hi. Nibii ni atsa shi ana lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ kɛ́ hooo lɛ, ato maŋ lɛ shishi shii enyɔ. Akpata klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ̃ ni ato shishi lɛ hiɛ. Ato Ebla maŋ lɛ shishi ekoŋŋ, ni no lɛ beni akpata hiɛ lɛ, afii ohai abɔ ho ni akaiii lɛ.

Maŋ kɛ Ehe Yinɔsaji Babaoo

Ato blema maji ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ lɛ yɛ hei ni kulɛ faai yɔɔ, tamɔ shikpɔŋ ni kã Tigris kɛ Eufrate faai lɛ ateŋ ní ayeɔ okwaa yɛ nɔ jogbaŋŋ lɛ nɛkɛ. Klɛŋklɛŋ maji ni awie he yɛ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ yɛ Mesopotamia. (1 Mose 10:10) Etamɔ nɔ ni gbɛi Ebla lɛ shishi ji “Tɛsaa Yɛŋ,” ni awo maŋ lɛ gbɛi ni tamɔ nakai ejaakɛ ato yɛ tɛsaa ni akɛfeɔ kaaloo nɔ. Ekã shi faŋŋ akɛ, aje gbɛ ato maŋ lɛ yɛ jɛmɛ ejaakɛ kaaloo ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ baaha aná nu ŋma yɛ jɛmɛ, ni enɛ he miihia waa ejaakɛ kpokpai ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ kɛ faai wuji ni ale lɛ ateŋ jɛkɛ.

Akɛni nugbɔ enɛɛɛ tsɔ yɛ Ebla maŋ lɛ kpokpai anɔ hewɔ lɛ, nibii ni adũɔ lɛ babaoo yɛ jɛmɛ ji ŋmaa, akoko, abele, kɛ nibii ni tamɔ nakai, kɛ agbɛnɛ hu weintsei kɛ mutsei. Jɛmɛ kpokpai lɛ hu hi kɛha kooloi alɛɛ, titri lɛ tooi. Shikpɔŋ ni kã Mesopotamia ŋa kpalanaa lɛ kɛ Mediteranea Ŋshɔ lɛ naa lɛ teŋ lɛ nɔ Ebla maŋ lɛ hi, ni he ni ehi nɛɛ ha ebafee maŋ ko ni guɔyeli nibii tamɔ tsei, ojarawatɛi, kɛ dadei ajarayeli tee nɔ jogbaŋŋ yɛ. Maŋ lɛ hé gbɛi yɛ kpokpaa ni enɔbii lɛ aaashɛ mɛi 200,000 lɛ nɔ, ni mɛi nɛɛ amlijaa nyɔŋma mli ekome hi maŋtiase lɛ.

Maŋtsɛwe agbo ko tsũkoi komɛi ni yɔɔ lɛ haa anaa bɔ ni no mli lɛ Eblabii lɛ ahiŋmɛi egbele  eha. Agbo ni atsɔɔ mli kɛyaa maŋtsɛwe lɛ nɔkwɔlɛ aaafee mitai 12 kɛmɔ mitai 15. Beni be shwie mli lɛ, alɛɛ maŋtsɛwe lɛ mli bɔni afee ni anyɛ ajɛ jɛmɛ akwɛ maŋ lɛ nɔ jogbaŋŋ. Maŋ onukpai ni tsuɔ nii yɛ maŋtsɛwe lɛ yɛ onukpai srɔtoi ni amɛtsuɔ nii yɛ amɛ shishi—ayɛ “abladei” kɛ “lumɛi” ni yeɔ buaa maŋtsɛ lɛ kɛ maŋnyɛ lɛ.

Sũ tɛtaoi kɛ woji ni fãi komɛi etserɛ ní ana lɛ aaashɛ 17,000. Ekolɛ, no mli lɛ ayɛ tɛtaoi fe 4,000 ni ayɛ ŋmoŋmoloi komɛi ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ. Tɛtaoi nɛɛ haa anaa akɛ Ebla maŋ lɛ kɛ maji ni yɔɔ shɔŋŋ-shɔŋŋ hu ye jara. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, Mizraim maŋtsɛmɛi enyɔ komɛi amaŋtsɛtsei anɔ okadii tsɔɔ akɛ amɛmaŋ lɛ kɛ Ebla ye jara. Blema Sumeriabii aniŋmai titri akɛŋmala tɛtaoi lɛ anɔ nii. Shi ekomɛi yɛ ni Eblabii aniŋmaa okadii akɛŋmala, eji blema niŋmaa, ni kɛlɛ tɛtaoi ni nine eshɛ nɔ lɛ yeɔ buaa ni atsɔɔ shishi. Nilelɔi ni kaseɔ Asiabii awiemɔ kɛ kusum nifeemɔi ahe nii lɛ anaa kpɛ amɛhe beni amɛna blemabii aniŋmai nɛɛ. Naakpɛɛ sane ji akɛ, tɛtaoi nɛɛ ekomɛi yɛ ni amɛnɔ niŋmai lɛ fã yɛ Sumeriabii awiemɔ mli ni fã yɛ Eblabii awiemɔ mli. Wolo ni ji Ebla—Alle origini della civiltà urbana (Ebla—Jɛmɛ Maŋ Hiŋmɛigbelemɔ Je Shishi Yɛ) lɛ wieɔ tɛtaoi nɛɛ ahe akɛ nomɛi ji “wiemɔ komekomei ashishitsɔɔmɔ wolo ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ ni ale.”

Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ, no mli lɛ Ebla maŋ lɛ yɛ asraafoi ni he wa ejaakɛ kɛ́ okwɛ nibii komɛi ni agbɔ ni atsa shi ana lɛ, obaana Ebla asraafonyo ni miikpata ehenyɛlɔi ahiɛ aloo ekɛ amɛyitsei ni efolɔ lɛ miiha. Kɛlɛ, beni Ashur kɛ Babilon maji lɛ bɔi maji ni yɔɔ nakai beaŋ lɛ anɔ kunimyeli lɛ, no ha Ebla maŋ lɛ anunyam tã. Wɔnáŋ lɛ mlɛo akɛ wɔɔtsɔɔ bɔ ni nibii tee nɔ eha lɛ mli pɛpɛɛpɛ, shi kɛlɛ, etamɔ nɔ ni mɔ ni je Ebla tutuamɔ shishi ji Sargon I (jeee lɛ ji Sargon ni atsĩ etã yɛ Yesaia 20:1 lɛ) kɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ enabi Naram-Sin. Nibii ni atsa shi ana lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ tutuamɔi lɛ yɛ gbeyei waa, ni aye awui babaoo.

Shi taakɛ wɔtsĩ tã kɛtsɔ hiɛ lɛ, yɛ be ko sɛɛ lɛ, ato maŋ lɛ ekoŋŋ, ni ehé gbɛi yɛ nakai kpokpai lɛ anɔ. Ato maŋ hee lɛ he gbɛjianɔ jogbaŋŋ, ni no ha efee fɛo fe tsutsu nɔ lɛ kwraa. Ajɔɔ maŋ lɛ fã ko nɔ aha nyɔŋmɔyoo Ishtar ní Babilonbii lɛ  hu buɔ lɛ akɛ eji nyɔŋmɔyoo ni haa afɔ́ɔ lɛ. Ekolɛ, onu Ishtar Agbó ni ehé gbɛi waa ní ana yɛ Babilon amaŋfɔi lɛ amli lɛ he sane pɛŋ. Etamɔ nɔ ni tsũ agbo ko ni yɔɔ Ebla lɛ mli akɛ jatai ni ajɔɔ nɔ aha nyɔŋmɔyoo Ishtar lɛ to. Enɛ gbalaa wɔjwɛŋmɔ kɛyaa jamɔ ni Eblabii kɛ amɛhe wo mli lɛ nɔ.

Jamɔ ni Eblabii Kɛ Amɛhe Wo Mli

Taakɛ bɔ ni blema maji ni hi shi yɛ Mesopotamia lɛ jáa nyɔŋmɔi babaoo lɛ, nakai nɔŋŋ Eblabii lɛ hu yɛ nyɔŋmɔi babaoo ni amɛjáa. Ekomɛi agbɛi ji Baal, Hadad (Siria maŋtsɛmɛi komɛi kɛ nyɔŋmɔ nɛɛ gbɛi fata amɛgbɛi ahe), kɛ Dagan. (1 Maŋtsɛmɛi 11:23; 15:18; 2 Maŋtsɛmɛi 17:16) Eblabii lɛ kɛ woo haa nyɔŋmɔi nɛɛ fɛɛ. Amɛkɛ woo haa nyɔŋmɔi ni yɔɔ maji krokomɛi anɔ lɛ tete. Nibii ni atsa shi ana lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, amɛjá amɛmaŋtsɛmɛi ni egboi ní amɛbuɔ amɛ akɛ nyɔŋmɔi lɛ, ni enɛ tee nɔ titri yɛ afi 2000 D.Ŋ.B. afii lɛ amli.

Eblabii lɛ kɛ amɛhe fɛɛ efɔ̃ɔɔ amɛnyɔŋmɔi lɛ anɔ. Afo gbogboi ni nɔ kwɔlɔ fɛfɛji enyɔ awo Ebla maŋ hee lɛ he, ni gbogboi lɛ afɛo baanyɛ amɔ henyɛlɔ fɛɛ henyɛlɔ ni baana lɛ tsui. Agbonaa gbogbo lɛ kɛlɛ aaafee kilomitai 3. Gbogboi nɛɛ yɛ shihilɛ mli lolo.

Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, akpata Ebla maŋ hee lɛ hu hiɛ. Eeenyɛ ebalɛ akɛ Hitbii lɛ ni kpata maŋ ni kulɛ ehe wa waa lɛ hiɛ yɛ afi 1600 D.Ŋ.B. Blema lalafoo wiemɔ ko tsɔɔ akɛ afee Ebla “butuu tamɔ gbɛ̀ ni aŋmɛɛ he atswa shi.” Etsɛɛɛ ni hiɛ je enɔ. Wolo ko ni sɛŋmɔtso he tawulɔi komɛi ni yaatutua Yerusalem yɛ afi 1098 lɛ ŋma lɛ tsĩ he ni kulɛ Ebla maŋ lɛ yɔɔ lɛ tã. Amɛtsɛ́ lɛ Mardikh, ni amɛtsɔɔ akɛ eji maŋ ko ni etse ehe kwraa kɛjɛ maŋtiase lɛ he. Hiɛ je Ebla nɔ, shi afii ohai komɛi asɛɛ lɛ, akai lɛ ekoŋŋ.

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 14]

EBLA KƐ BIBLIA LƐ

Sane ko ni aŋma yɛ Biblical Archeologist wolo tɛtrɛɛ ni je kpo yɛ afi 1976 lɛ mli lɛ ha Biblia he nilelɔi kpɛ amɛyiŋ akɛ amɛbaapɛi nibii amli amɛkwɛ. Mɔ ni tsɔɔ niŋmaa ni yɔɔ Ebla tɛtaoi lɛ anɔ lɛ shishi lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ, eeenyɛ efee akɛ mɛi agbɛi kɛ shihilɛhei ní afii ohai komɛi asɛɛ ni awie he yɛ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ fata nibii ni atsĩ tã yɛ tɛtaoi lɛ anɔ lɛ ahe. Ekolɛ, nilelɔi lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi susu sane ni wolo tɛtrɛɛ lɛ wie he lɛ he kɛtee shɔŋŋ, ni no ha amɛbɔi woji ŋmalamɔ kɛtsɔɔ akɛ nibii ni atsa shi yɛ Ebla ni ana lɛ maa nɔ mi akɛ saji ni yɔɔ Mose Klɛŋklɛŋ Wolo lɛ mli lɛ ji anɔkwale. * Jesuit Mitchell Dahood tsɔɔ mli akɛ, “sũ tɛtaoi [ni ana yɛ Ebla] lɛ haa saji komɛi ni Biblia lɛ wieɔ he ni amɛshishinumɔ bɛ faŋŋ lɛ ashishinumɔ feɔ faŋŋ.” Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, Dahood heɔ eyeɔ akɛ nakai tɛtaoi lɛ baanyɛ aye abua ni ana “bei abɔ ni akɛ Israelbii a-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ gbɛi etsu nii.”

Ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, aje gbɛ aapɛi nibii ni aŋmala yɛ tɛtaoi lɛ anɔ lɛ amli fitsofitso. Akɛni Hebri kɛ Eblabii awiemɔ lɛ fɛɛ ji blemabii awiemɔi ní je amɛhe hewɔ lɛ, ebaanyɛ ebalɛ akɛ maji kɛ aŋkroaŋkroi komɛi agbɛi ni atsĩ ta yɛ tɛtaoi lɛ anɔ lɛ baanyɛ aje nɔ ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ. Kɛlɛ, no etsɔɔɔ akɛ mɛi lɛ loo hei ni atsĩ tã lɛ nɔŋŋ he awieɔ lɛ. Ekolɛ wɔsɛɛ be baatsɔɔ bɔ ni nibii ni ana yɛ Ebla lɛ baaye abua ni anu Biblia lɛ shishi. Yɛ nɔ ni kɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi lɛ he lɛ, mɔ ni ŋma Biblical Archeologist lɛ kɛɛ ewieko yɛ he ko he ko akɛ Ebla tɛtaoi lɛ tsĩ gbɛi ni ji “Yahweh” lɛ tã. Kɛha woloŋlelɔi komɛi lɛ, blema niŋmaa okadi ni atsɔɔ shishi akɛ ja lɛ damɔ shi kɛha nyɔŋmɔi babaoo ni Eblabii lɛ jáa lɛ ateŋ ekome, ni kɛlɛ kɛha mɛi krokomɛi lɛ, nakai niŋmaa okadi lɛ ji wiemɔ he mla ko he okadi kɛkɛ. Saji nɛɛ ateŋ eko eko etsɔɔɔ akɛ nakai okadi lɛ damɔ shi kɛha Yehowa ni ji anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ koome lɛ.—5 Mose 4:35; Yesaia 45:5.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmaa]

[Shikpɔŋ he mfoniri/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 12]

(Kɛ́ ootao ona bɔ ni saji nɛɛ ji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, no lɛ kwɛmɔ wolo lɛ mli)

ŊSHƆ KPETEŊKPELE

KANAAN

SIRIA

Aleppo

Ebla (Tell Mardikh)

Eufrate Faa

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Blema nibii ni atsaa shi ataoɔ lɛ ahe nilelɔ: Missione Archeologica Italiana a Ebla - Università degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 12, 13]

Shika kuɛnii ko ni afee aaafee afi 1750 D.Ŋ.B.

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 13]

Maŋtsɛwe agbo lɛ tsũkoi

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 13]

Nɛkɛ ji bɔ ni nitɛŋlɔ ko tɛŋ heni akɛ sũ tɛtao lɛ toɔ

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 13]

Tɛtao kɛ enɔ blema niŋmai

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 13]

Mizraim maŋtsɛmɛi atso1750-1700 D.Ŋ.B.

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 13]

Ebla asraafonyo ni hiɛ ehenyɛlɔi ayitsei ni efolɔ

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 14]

Tɛtao ko ni ajɔɔ nɔ aha nyɔŋmɔyoo Ishtar

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 14]

Missione Archeologica Italiana a Ebla - Università degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 13 lɛ Jɛ]

Mfonirii lɛ fɛɛ (maŋtsɛwe tsũkoi lɛ bɛ mli): Missione Archeologica Italiana a Ebla - Università degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’