MUAPRILI 2006, moifokundaneki younyuni aushe omwa li ehokololo likumwifi kutya ongudu yovahongwanhu oya mona po eshangelo lonale li na oshipalanyole, “Evangeli laJudas.” Oikundaneki oyo oya popya kutya ovahongwanhu ove udite kutya eshangelo olo otali ka lundulula filufilu etaleko letu li na sha naJudas, omuhongwa oo a kengelela Jesus. Ovahongwanhu ovo ove wete kutya Judas okwa li lela ependafule eshi tava ti kutya oye a li omuyapostoli oo a li e shii nawa nghee Jesus e udite nonokutya okwa yandja Jesus a dipawe ngaashi e mu pula a ninge.

Mbela eshangelo olo oli li ngoo paushili? Ngeenge osho, mbela otali holola ouyelele umwe wa li wa holekwa u na sha naJudas Iskariot, Jesus Kristus ile Ovakriste votete? Mbela osho oshi na okunwefa mo etaleko letu li na sha naKristus nosho yo omahongo aye?

Kaku shiivike kutya “Evangeli laJudas” ola monika ngahelipi. Ponhele yokumonika kovalafululi voikulunima, evangeli olo ola holoka ashike ombadilila momalandifilo oikulunima pexulilo 1970 nasha ile pehovelo lo 1980 nasha. Ola hangwa muEgipti mo 1978 mombila oyo ya li itai longifwa vali, oyo tashi dulika ya li mekololo. Ola li limwe lomomashangelo 4 a yoolokafana oo a li momambo omanenge (oludi lomambo onale) la shangwa mOshicoptic (elaka la dja kOshiegipti shonale).

Konima eshi embo olo li li molupe loshipa la kufwa mo muEgipti shomutenya, omo la kala la tuvikilwa oule womafelemido, ola li la hovela okukulupa diva. Ovahongwanhu vamwe ova li va ulikilwa embo olo mo 1983, ndele molwaashi ola li li na ondilo, kava li ve li landa. Ola enda tali kulupa diva neenghono momukokomoko womido molwaashi kala li la filwa oshisho. Mo 2000, ola li la landwa po komulandifi woikulunima Omuswiss. Lwanima, okwe ke li yandja kongudu yovanongononi vamwe, ovo hava longo koshi yewiliko lehangano lo-Maecenas Foundation for Ancient Art nosho yo lo-National Geographic, oo haa tula kumwe nokuwapekulula oikulunima, mwa kwatelwa oyo ya nyanyauka moupambu vanini. Omahangano  oo ohaa ufa yo kutya embo oli na omido ngapi nosho yo oku li toloka.

Eshi kwa longifwa onghedi oyo hai ifanwa Carbon-14 yokutala kutya oikulunima oi na omido ngapi, okwa didilikwa kutya evangeli olo ola shangwa mefelemudo 3 ile eti-4 O.P. Ndele ovahongwanhu ova tengeneka kutya “Evangeli laJudas” ola li la tolokwa okudja mOshigreka shopehovelo omido donalenale. Mbela “Evangeli laJudas” ola shangwa naini nomeenghalo dilipi?

Eshangelo olo hali ifanwa “Evangeli laJudas” ola tumbulwa tete moishangomwa yomubisofi wedina Irenaeus, oo a li ko lwopexulilo lefelemudo etivali O.P. Irenaeus okwa shanga shi na sha neengudu dihapu odo e li omhinge nomahongo ado membo Against Heresies a ti: “Otava ti kutya Judas omukengeleledi okwa li e shii nawa oinima oyo, nokwa li a wanifa po oshiholekwa shokukengelela Jesus molwaashi oye e shii oshili e dule vakwao. Okupitila muye, oinima aishe yokombada yedu noyomeulu oya lyalyakanifwa. Ova tota ondjokonona ya tya ngaho yoipupulu ndele tave i luku Evangeli laJudas.”

Elalakano laIrenaeus okunyaneka pomutenya omahongo e lili noku lili elongelokalunga lOvagnostic, ovo hava ti ove na eshiivo le likalekelwa. Ougnostic edina hali longifwa okupopya kombinga yeengudu dihapu odo keshe imwe i na eudeko layo nohai yelifa monghedi yayo kutya “oshili” yopaKriste oshike. Ovagnostic ohava xumifa komesho omahongo avo vene oo e li moishangomwa yavo, oyo ya li ya hapupala diva mefelemudo etivali O.P.

Omashangelo Ovagnostic a tya ngaho luhapu ohaa ti kutya ovayapostoli vaJesus kava li ve udite ko etumwalaka laye nonokutya ope na ehongo laJesus limwe li li oshiholekwa olo tali udiwa ko ashike kovahoololwa vanini. a Ovagnostic vamwe ova itavela kutya ombada yedu oya li onhele yodolongo. Onghee hano, “kalunga omushiti” oo a popiwa momishangwa dOshiheberi omunini e dulike kookalunga va wanenena ve lili noku lili. Ova itavela kutya omunhu oo e na “eshiivo” le likalekelwa ota dulu okuuda ko kutya omunhu okwa pumbwa okudja mo molutu lopambelela.

“Evangeli laJudas” ola kanghamena keitavelo olo molwaashi ola hovela neendjovo tadi ti: “Eshi osho oshiholekwa osho Jesus a li a lombwela Judas Iskariot, momukokomoko womafiku 8, kwa li ku na omafiku atatu va dane Opaasa.”

Mbela embo olo olo ngoo Irenaeus a shanga kombinga yalo, olo taku tengenekwa kutya ola kala la kana oule womafelemido? Marvin Meyer, oo e li oshilyo shongudu yotete oyo ya konakona nokutoloka embo olo okwa ti kutya ‘eyelifo laIrenaeus li li pauxupi otali ulike kembo olo la shangwa mOshicoptic li na oshipalanyole, Evangeli laJudas.’

“Evangeli laJudas” ola popya kombinga yaJesus ta yolo ovahongwa vaye monghedi yesheko eshi vehe na eshiivo lashili. Ndele Judas oye ashike a li umwe womovayapostoli 12 oo a ulika kutya oku shii nawa Jesus. Onghee hano, Jesus okwa li he mu lombwele meholeko “oiholekwa youhamba.”

Ongudu yovahongwanhu votete ovo va toloka “Evangeli laJudas” oya nwefwa mo neenghono kwaasho Irenaeus a shanga. Ova ulika metoloko lavo kutya Judas okwa li e holike kuJesus e li omuhongwa waye oo a li e udite ko oiholekwa ‘nokwa ya mouhamba.’ Nonande ovayapostoli ova li tava ka pingena po Judas, Judas okwa li ta ka ninga “omweengeli 13” oo e “dule [ovahongwa vakwao] aveshe” molwaashi oye a kwafela Jesus a dje mo molutu lopambelela.

 Ovashangi vomambo va shiivika nawa, ngaashi Bart Ehrman naElaine Pagels ovo ve li yo ovahongwanhu va tumbala ovo va konakona Oukwakriste wopehovelo nosho yo Ougnostic, ova li va andjakaneka diva omakonakono nosho yo omatyekosha avo e na sha “nEvangeli laJudas” oo a faafana netoloko longudu yotete. Ndele okafimbo kanini konima yaasho, ovahongwanhu vamwe vali ngaashi, April DeConick and Birger Pearson navo ova popya etaleko lavo. Ova ti kutya Ehangano lo-National Geographic ola endelela ashike okunyanyangida eshangelo olo lonale noku li tandavelifa diva moikundaneki. Ova ti yo kutya omulandu u na sha nokutalulula oikulunima inau shikulwa.

DeConick naPearson ovo hava longo kuvo vene, ova fika pexulifodiladilo kutya oitukulwa imwe ya fimana yembo olo kaya li ya tolokwa nawa kovahongwanhu vonale. Eshi DeConick a konakona embo olo, Jesus okwa ti Judas “Ondeemoni 13,” ndele ke fi “omweengeli 13.” b Jesus okwa lombwela yo Judas sha yela kutya ita ka ya mo “mouhamba.” Ponhele yokukala oye ha longo ouwa e dule ovahongwa vakwao, Jesus okwa lombwela Judas a ti: “Oto ka longa oilonga ii u dule vakweni aveshe. Molwaashi oto ka yandja nge ndi dje mo molutu lopambelela.” DeConick okwa tala ko kutya “Evangeli laJudas” oli li ehokololo lonale loiyolifa yOvagnostic olo tali sheke ovayapostoli aveshe. DeConick naPearson ova fika pexulifodiladilo lokondadalunde kutya “Evangeli laJudas” itali popi Judas e li ependafule.

Kutya nee ovahongwanhu ova tala ko Judas oo a popiwa mevangeli olo e li ependafule ile ondeemoni, kape na nande oumwe womwaavo va konakona eshangelo olo ta ti oli na ouyelele u li paushili. Bart Ehrman okwa ti: “Kali fi Evangeli la shangwa kuJudas noita li ulike kutya oye e li shanga. . . . Kali fi yo Evangeli la shangwa pefimbo laJudas ngeno kuumwe oo e mu shii nawa . . . Onghee hano, kali fi embo olo tali tu lombwele ouyelele wa wedwa po u na sha naasho sha li sha ningwa po pefimbo laJesus.”

“Evangeli laJudas” eshangelo lOvagnostic la kala ko okudja mefelemudo etivali O.P., la li la shangwa mOshigreka. Ovahongwanhu fiyo opaife kave shii kutya “Evangeli laJudas” olo opo la monika olo la popiwa kuIrenaeus. Ndele “Evangeli laJudas” otali yandje oumbangi wa yela u na sha nefimbo opo “Oukwakriste” wa hovela okutota po omahongo ao nokutukauka moimhanga ihapu i lili noku lili. Ponhele yokuulika kutya Ombibeli oya puka, “Evangeli laJudas” otali koleke omalondwelo ovayapostoli, ngaashi olo laPaulus tali hangwa mOilonga 20:29, 30 tali ti: “Ondi shii, ngenge nda dja po . . . munye tamu di yo ovalumenhu tava popi oinima inai yuka, ve lishilile ovalongwa.”