Batismo wa Clovis: Bidimu 1 500 bia Buena-Katolike mu France

“MU DÎNA dia Pape, buum.” Aa mmêyi akabalabu avuabu basangane bafunde pakangulabu bombe mu nzubu kampanda wa Mvidi-Mukulu wa mu France muvua Pape Jean-Paul II ne bua kulua kubuela mu ngondo wa tshitema 1996. Etshi ntshilejilu tshia patoke tshivua tshijadika ne: bantu kabavua basue dilua diende dia musangu muitanu edi mu ditunga dia France to. Nansha nanku, bantu bafike ku 200 000 bakalua mu tshimenga tshia Reims mu France tshidimu atshi bua kuvuluka pamue ne pape mufikilu wa bidimu 1 500 katshia Clovis Mukalenge wa ba-Franc wakudimuna mutshima wende bua kulua muena-Katolike. Mukalenge eu muena batismo wakabikilabu ne: batismo wa France, uvua nganyi? Ne bua tshinyi divuluka mufikilu wa batismo wende diakajula ndululu ya mushindu’eu?

Bukalenge budi buenda buteketa

Clovis wakaledibua bu mu 466 B.B., uvua muana wa Childéric I, mukalenge wa ba-Franc bena tshisa tshia ba-Salien. Kunyima kua bamane kubakokesha kudi bena Lomo mu tshidimu tshia 358 B.B., bakanyishila bena tshisa tshia bena Allemagne etshi bua kusomba muaba udi ditunga dia Belgique lelu’eu anu pavuabu bitaba bua kulua mvita bua kukuba mikalu ne kufila basalayi babu bua kuikalabu pabu mu tshiluilu tshia bena Lomo. Pakabangabu kumvuangana bikole ne bena Lomo ba mu Gaule, muanda eu wakafikisha ba-Franc aba ku dibuela mu Ekeleziya Katolike. Childéric I uvua muena mâyi wa bena Lomo, uvua uluisha bena bisa bikuabu bia bena Allemagne bavua balua kubela mvita, bu mudi ba-Wisigoth ne ba-Saxon. Bualu ebu buakasaka bena Lomo ba mu Gaule bua kumuleja dianyisha diabu.

Provense wa bena Lomo wa Gaule uvua umbukila ku Musulu wa Rhin ku Nord too ne ku Mikuna ya Pyrénées ku Sud. Kadi, kunyima kua lufu lua jenerale Aetius mu 454 B.B., nkuasa wa bukalenge wakashala munda mutupu mu ditunga edi. Kabidi, lufu lua mukalenge wa ndekelu wa Lomo Romulus Augustule mu 476 B.B. ne dikuluka dia tshitupa tshia ku Ouest tshia Bukalenge bua bena Lomo biakakebesha bimvundu bia bungi mu bena tshididi ba tshitupa atshi. Nunku, provense wa Gaule wakalua bu tshimuma tshibobe ku mutshi tshindile bua kutshipolabu kudi tshimue tshia ku bisa bivua biase ku mikalu yende. Nunku kabiena bikemesha bua kumona se: kunyima kua yeye mumane kupingana tatuende mu nkuasa wa bukalenge, Clovis wakatuadija kukeba bua kualabaja mikalu ya bukalenge buende. Mu 486 B.B., wakatshimuna muenyampala wa ndekelu wa Bukalenge bua bena Lomo mu Gaule mu mvita yakenzeka pabuipi ne tshimenga tshia Soissons. Ditshimuna edi diakamupesha mushindu wa kutangila tshitupa tshionso tshivua pankatshi pa Musulu wa Somme ku Nord ne Musulu wa Loire munkatshi ne ku Ouest kua Gaule.

Muntu uvua mua kuikala mukalenge

Ba-Franc kabavua bu bisa bikuabu bia bena Allemagne to, bualu buobu bakashala kabayi mu malu a ntendelelu. Kadi, dibaka diakenza Clovis ne  mukalenge-mukaji Clotilde muena Burgondes, diakashintulula nsombelu wende bikole. Bu muvuaye muena Katolike wa dilambu, Clotilde wakenza muende muonso kayi utshioka bua bayende akudimune anu kukudimuna mutshima. Bilondeshile miyuki ya malu a kale malonda mu lukama luisambombo lua bidimu bia mu bikondo bietu ebi kudi Grégoire de Tours, mu tshidimu tshia 496 B.B., munkatshi mua mvita ya mu Tolbiac (Zülpich, mu Allemagne) ivuaye uluangana ne tshisa tshia bena Alemanni, ke muakalaya Clovis bua kulekela buena-diabolo bikala Nzambi wa Clotilde mumuambuluishe bua kutshimuna. Nansha mukavuabu pabuipi ne kutshimuna biluilu bia Clovis, bakashipa mukalenge wa bena Alemanni ne basalayi bende e kudifilabu nkayabu. Bilondeshile Clovis, Nzambi wa Clotilde ke uvua mumuambuluishe bua kutshimuna nunku. Bilondeshile malu adibu balonda, eu uvuabu babikila ne: “Munsantu” Remy ke wakatambuisha Clovis mu katedrale ka mu Reims, mu dia 25 ngondo wa dikumi ne muibidi 496 B.B. Kadi bamue badi bela meji ne: pamu’apa bivua mua kuikala panyima, mu tshidimu tshia 498 anyi mu 499 B.B.

Clovis wakapangila njila ne njila bua kukuata bukalenge bua bena Burgondes ku Sud-Est. Kadi wakatshimuna ba-Wisigoth mu tshimenga tshia Vouillé, mu mvita yakaluanganaye nabu pabuipi ne Poitiers mu 507 B.B, ne ditshimuna edi diakamupesha mushindu wa yeye kutangila tshitupa tshinene tshia ku Sud-Est kua provense wa Gaule. Bua kuanyisha ditshimuna edi, mukalenge Anastase wa bena Lomo ba ku Est wakapesha Clovis muanzu mubandile menemene. Nunku kupetaye muanzu mupite wa bakalenge bakuabu bonso ba ku Est, ne kujadikabu bukokeshi buende biumvuangane ne mikenji ku mêsu kua bena Lomo ba mu Gaule.

Bu muvuaye mubange kukokesha ba-Franc bavua mu maloba a kumpenga kua Musulu wa Rhin ku Est, Clovis wakavuija tshimenga tshia Paris tshimenga tshiende tshikulu. Mu bidimu bia ndekelu bia muoyo wende, wakakolesha bukalenge buende pakabuenzelaye mukanda wa mikenji uvuabu babikila ne: Lex Salica, ne pakenzejaye tshipangu tshia ekeleziya mu Orléans bua kumvuija malanda adi pankatshi pa Ekeleziya ne Mbulamatadi. Pakafuaye, bu mu dia 11 Kasuabanga 511 B.B., yeye ke uvua mukokeshi umuepele uvua ukokesha tshia bisatu pa binayi bia provense wa Gaule.

Mukanda kampanda udi ubikila dibuela dia Clovis mu ekeleziya wa bena Katolike ne: “tshikondo tshikole tshia mu miyuki ya Mputu wa ku Ouest.” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica) Bua tshinyi dikudimuna mutshima dia mukalenge eu divua ne mushinga wa bungi nunku? Dikudimuna diende dia mutshima edi didi ne mushinga bualu Clovis wakasungula Buena-Katolike anu bualu buvua bubengangana ne malongesha a Arius.

Dikokangana bua malongesha a Arius

Bu mu 320 B.B., Arius, nsaserdose wa mu Alexandrie, mu Ejipitu, wakabanga kutangalaja ngenyi mikuabu ya tshianana pa bidi bitangila Busatu Bunsantu. Arius wakamba ne: Muana kavua muomumue  ne Tatu nansha. Muana kavua mua kuikala Nzambi anyi kuikala mumue ne Tatu nansha, bualu Muana uvua ne ntuadijilu. (Kolosai 1:15) Kadi bua nyuma muimpe, Arius uvua witaba ne: uvua muntu, kadi muikale mushadile kudi Tatu ne kudi Muana. Nansha muakanyisha bantu malongesha aa bikole, akajudija buluishi bukole munda mua ekeleziya. Mu 325 B.B., mu tshipangu tshia banene ba ekeleziya tshia mu Nicée, bakipata Arius ne bakabipisha malongesha ende. *

Kadi bualu ebu kabuakajikija dikokangana adi to. Dikokangana edi bua malongesha diakenza bidimu 60 bijima, ne ba-amperere bavua balondangana bavua eu ulamata ku elu luseke, mukuabu udi ulua ulamata pende ku lukuabu. Ndekelu wa bionso, mu 392 B.B., Mukalenge Théodose I wakenza Buena-Katolike buvua bantu banyisha ne diabu dilongesha dia Busatu Bunsantu bu ntendelelu wa Mbulamatadi wa Bukalenge bua bena Lomo. Mu tshine tshikondo atshi, ba-Goth bakavua babange kulonda malongesha a Arius avuabu balongesha kudi Ulfilas muepiskopo wa bena Allemagne. Bisa bikuabu bia bena Allemagne biakitaba ne lukasa mushindu’eu wa Buena-Kristo bua ku dîna patupu. *

Mu tshikondo tshia Clovis, Ekeleziya wa bena Katolike uvua mu ndululu mikole mu provense wa Gaule. Ba-Wisigoth balondi ba malongesha a Arius bavua bakeba bua kujimija mukono wa Buena-Katolike pavuabu babenga bua bantu kabapinganyi pa muaba wa bepiskopo bavua bafua. Kabidi, ba-pape babidi bavua bafuila ekeleziya, ne basaserdose bavua babatua nyama ku mikolo bikale eku bashipangana. Bualu bukuabu buakakolesha mukodikodi eu mbua se: bamue bafundi bena Katolike bavua batangalaje lungenyi lua se: nshikidilu wa buloba uvua ne bua kulua mu 500 B.B. Ke bualu kayi bakangata dikudimuna mutshima dia mutshimunyi wa ba-Franc bua kubuela mu Katolike bu muanda mulenga, uvua umanyisha dilua dia “bidimu tshinunu bipiabipia bia bansantu.”

Kadi mbipatshila kayi bivua nabi Clovis? Bu mutudi katuyi mua kumbusha malu a mu ntendelelu, ntshia bushuwa bua se: uvua ne bipatshila bia malu a tshididi. Pakasungula Clovis buena-Katolike ne kubuelamu, bena Lomo ba bungi ba mu Gaule bakafika ku diamuanyisha ne kabidi banene ba ekeleziya ba bukole bua bungi bakamutua nyama ku mikolo. Malu aa akamupesha mushindu wa kutamba baluishi bende ba mu tshididi. Mukanda kampanda udi wamba ne: “dikuata diende dia Gaule diakalua mvita ya dipikula bantu ku bupika bua batontolodi bavuabu bakine bavua balonde malongesha a Arius.” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica)

Clovis uvua menemene muntu wa mushindu kayi?

Kumpala kua tshivulukilu tshia mu 1996, muepiskopo munene wa mu Reims, Gérard Defois, wakabikila Clovis ne: “tshimanyinu tshia dikudimuna mutshima dia muntu uvua mudianjile kuela meji bimpe menemene.” Kadi, mufundi wa miyuki  ya malu a kale muena mu ditunga dia France, Ernest Lavisse, wakamba ne: “Dikudimuna mutshima dia Clovis kadivua dishintulule ngikadilu wende nansha kakese to; malongesha mimpe a ditalala a mu Evanjeliyo kaavua malenge mutshima wende nansha.” Mufundi mukuabu wa miyuki ya malu a kale wakamba: “Pamutu pa kubila Odin [dîna dia nzambi uvuabu batendelela], wakabila Kristo kadi kushalaye anu muvuaye kumpala.” Anu muakenza Constantin malu kunyima kua dikudimuna diende dia mutshima dia tshidingishilu adi bua kuitaba Buena-Kristo, Clovis wakaditua mu dishipa bantu bonso bavuaye ulumbila nabu nkuasa wa bukalenge. Wakashipa “bilongo biende bionso kushipaye too ne bilongolongo.”

Panyima pa lufu lua Clovis, bakabanga kuenza mianu ivua mua kumumbusha mu mulongo wa muena mvita wa tshikisu bua kumuvuija munsantu muende lumu bikole. Batu bangata muyuki wa Grégoire de Tours wakalua kufunda panyima pa bidimu bitue ku lukama, bua kufuanyikija Clovis ne Constantin, amperere wa kumpala wa bena Lomo wakitaba Buena-Kristo bua ku dîna. Ne mu diamba ne: Clovis uvua ne bidimu 30 pakatambulaye, Grégoire udi usua kuleja difuanangana ne Kristo.​—Luka 3:23.

Muepiskopo wa mu Reims, Hincmar, wakatungunuka ne bualu ebu too ne mu lukama lua bidimu lua muanda-mukulu. Mu tshikondo tshivua nzubu ya katedrale mikale ya kutemba ku bantu kudi bavua baluaku bafumine kule bua kusambila, malu a mu nsombelu akafundaye bua muepiskopo uvua mudianjidile, “Munsantu” Remy, avua pamu’apa ne tshipatshila tshia kuendesha lumu lua ekeleziya wende ne kuvudija bubanji buende. Mu muyuki wende, nkudimba mutoke wakalua ne kalanyi ka mafuta bua kuela Clovis pakatambulaye; bualu ebu budi buvuluija bimpe diela dia Yezu manyi a nyuma muimpe. (Matayo 3:16) Mu difunda malu aa Hincmar wakaleja diumvuangana pankatshi pa Clovis, Remy, ne bakokeshi ne wakatumbishisha lungenyi elu lua se: Clovis uvua muela manyi wa Mfumu. *

Divuluka dia makokangana

Mfumu wa kale wa mu ditunga dia France Charles de Gaulle wakamba ne: “Buanyi meme, muyuki wa ditunga dia France udi ubanga ne Clovis, musungula bua kuikala mukalenge wa France kudi tshisa tshia ba-Franc, bakapesha France dîna diabu.” Kadi bantu bonso kabakitaba bualu ebu nansha. Divuluka dia mufikilu wa 1 500 wa batismo wa Clovis divua dia makokangana. Mu ditunga muvua Ekeleziya ne Mbulamatadi bitapuluke katshia mu 1905, bantu ba bungi bakadiula Mbulamatadi bua dibuelakana mu tshivuabu bamona bu divuluka dia malu a ntendelelu. Pakamanyisha tshipangu tshia mu tshimenga tshia Reims mapangadika avuabu bangate bua kufutshila tshiakuidi ne muaba uvuabu ne bua kudisangishila pavua pape ne bua kulua, bena mu bulongolodi kampanda bakashipesha dipangadika adi ku kabadi bamba bua se: kadivua dipetangana ne mikenji ya ditunga nansha. Bakuabu bakamona ne: Ekeleziya uvua ukeba kusuisha bena mu France malu adiye umone mimpe ne bukokeshi buende bua tshitupa tshîpi. Tshiakalua kabidi kukondakaja bikole divuluka dia bualu ebu tshivua mushindu udi bena tshisumbu tshia tshididi tshia Front National ne tusumbu tua balamatshi ba malongesha a bena Katolike bangata Clovis bu tshimanyinu tshiabu.

Bakuabu pabu bakadiula divuluka dia Clovis edi bilondeshile miyuki ya malu a kale. Bakamba ne: batismo wa Clovis kavua mukudimuishe bena France mutshima bua kubuelabu mu Katolike to, bualu tshitendelelu etshi tshikavua tshiele miji munkatshi mua bena Lomo ba Gaule. Ne kuambabu kabidi ne: batismo wende kêna uleja diledibua dia France bu ditunga nansha. Bakaleja ne: tshikondo tshiakane tshia diledibua dia ditunga dia France tshivua ne bua kuikala dîba diakapanduluka bukalenge bua Charlemagne mu 843 B.B., pakalua Charles le Chauve mukalenge wa kumpala wa France, kadi ki n’Clovis to.

 Bidimu 1 500 bia Buena-Katolike

Buena-Katolike budi mushindu kayi mu ditunga dia France panyima pa bidimu bipite pa 1 500 bididi dishale bu “muan’a bute wa Ekeleziya”? Ditunga dia France diakashala dia kumpala ku bungi bua bena Katolike batambule too ne mu 1938. Mpindieu didi pa muaba muisambombo, kunyima kua ditunga dia Philippines ne dia États-Unis. Ne nansha mudi mu France muikale bena Katolike miliyo 45, anu miliyo 6 patupu ke batu baya mu Misa pa tshibidilu. Mandamuna a nkonko yakelabu bena Katolike ba mu France matuku mashale aa akaleja ne: bantu 65 pa lukama “kabena bangata malongesha a Ekeleziya pa bidi bitangila malu a disangila dia mulume ne mukaji ne mushinga to,” ne bua bantu 5 pa lukama ba kudibu, “Yezu kêna ne mushinga nansha kakese to.” Ngenyi ya mushindu’eu ke yakasaka pape bua kukonka pavuaye mulue mu France mu 1980 ne: “France, ntshinyi tshiudi muenze ne malaya a batismo webe?”

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Karte mu dibeji 27]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

SAXONS

Musulu wa Rhin

Musulu wa Somme

Soissons

Reims

Paris

GAULE

Musulu wa Loire

Vouillé

Poitiers

PYRÉNÉES

WISIGOTH

Rome

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

Tshimfuanyi tshia batismo wa Clovis tshizola mu maniskri kampanda a mu bidimu bia 1300

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

© Cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 28]

Tshimfuanyi tshia Clovis dia batismo wende (tshidi lua munkatshi) ku tshimanu tshia pambelu pa katedrale ka mu Reims mu France

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Dilua dia Jean Paul II mu France bua kuvuluka batismo wa Clovis diakajudija makokangana