Bantu bapele badi bakudimuna Bible

MU TSHIDIMU tshia 1835, Henry Nott, muibaki wa nzubu wa mu ditunga dia Angleterre, ne John Davies, uvua ulonga mudimu wa dipangisha biakudia mu ditunga dia Pays de Galles, bakajikija mudimu kampanda munenanenayi. Kunyima kua bamane kutata munkatshi mua bidimu bipite pa 30, ndekelu wa bionso bakajikija kukudimuna Bible mujima mu tshiena-Tahiti. Ntatu kayi ivua balume babidi aba bapele bapete, ne mudimu wabu mukole muenza ne dinanga wakapatula bipeta kayi?

“Dibika dinene”

Kumbukila mu tshidimu tshia 1751 too ne mu tshia 1800, bena mu tshisumbu tshia bena Mishonyi tshivuabu babikila ne: Dibika dinene anyi Dibika patupu bavua bayisha mu misoko ne pabuipi ne mu bina bia tubanda ne mu matanda a mu ditunga dia Grande-Bretagne. Tshipatshila tshiabu tshivua tshia kuyisha bena mudimu. Bayishi bena tshisumbu tshia Dibika etshi bavua bakankamija bantu ne tshisumi tshionso bua kuabanya Bible.

Mubangishi wa tshisumbu etshi, muena Batiste diende William Carey, wakambuluisha bua kuenzabu Société wa ba-Misionere ba mu Londres anyi SML, wakenzabu mu 1795. Société eu wakalongesha bantu bavua basue kulonga miakulu ya bena ditunga ne bavua basue kuikala ba-misionere mu tshitupa tshia Pasifike wa ku Sud. Tshipatshila tshia ba-misionere aba tshivua tshia kuyisha Evanjeliyo mu muakulu wa bena ditunga.

Muaba wa kumpala wakaya ba-misionere uvua mu tshiidila tshia Tahiti, tshivuabu bafuma ku disokolola matuku makese au. Bua bena mu tshisumbu tshia Dibika, bidila ebi bivua ‘miaba ya mîdima’ ya bantu bavua kabayi bamanye Nzambi, madimi avua mindile dinowa.

Bantu bapele badi bakumbaja mudimu mukole

Bua kuyisha bena mu tshidila tshia Tahiti, ba-misionere batue ku 30 basungula lukasa lukasa ne kabayi nansha balongolola bimpe bakangata mazuwa a mâyi a Duff avuabu basumbe kudi bena SML. Munkatshi muabu muvua “bampasata banayi bavuabu bateke [kabayi balongesha mudimu], bena mabaya basambombo, balongolodi ba bisabata babidi, bibaki babidi, benji ba bilamba babidi, batedi ba bilamba babidi, mupanyishi wa bintu mu magazen umue, muenji wa biseba bia kusombela pa tubalu umue, diboyi dimue, mukunyi wa bilongo mu mpangu umue, munganga umue, nsenda wa biamu umue, mulongolodi wa bipanza umue, muena mudimu wa kuenza ndanda umue, muenji wa bifulu umue, musumbishi wa drap umue, muenji wa nkuasa ne tubadi bia mu nzubu umue, bakaji basela batanu ne bana basatu.”

Bia-mudimu bivua nabi ba-misionere abu bua kumanya miakulu ya ku ntuadijilu ya mu Bible bivua  anu nkonga-miaku umue wa tshiena-Gelika ne Anglais ne Bible umue muikale ne nkonga-miaku wa tshiena-Ebelu. Mu ngondo muanda-mutekete yakenzabu pa mâyi, ba-misionere abu bakakuata imue miaku ya mu tshiena-Tahiti ivuabu bafunde kudi bantu bakavua babadianjidile kumpala, nangananga bantomboji ba Bounty. Ndekelu wa bionso, mazuwa a mâyi a Duff akafika mu Tahiti, ne mu dia matuku 7 a ngondo muisatu 1797, bakafika kuvuabu baya. Nansha nanku, kunyima kua tshidimu tshimue, ba bungi bakateketa mu mikolo ne kupinganabu kuabu. Anu ba-misionere muanda-mutekete ke bakashala.

Mu bantu bonso muanda-mutekete aba, Henry Nott (uvua muibaki wa nzubu) uvua ne bidimu 23 patupu. Patudi tutangila mikanda ya ntuadijilu yakafundaye, tudi tumona ne: uvua mulonge kalasa kakese menemene. Nansha nanku, kubangila ku ntuadijilu wakaleja muvuaye ne tshipedi tshia kulonga muakulu wa bena mu Tahiti. Bavua bamuamba ne: mmuntu uvua musue bulelela, kavua muena bumfika-munda ne uvua muena malu malenga.

Mu tshidimu tshia 1801, bakasungula Nott bua kulongesha ba-misionere tshitema batshivua bafikilaku tshiena-Tahiti. Munkatshi muabu muvua John Davies wa mu Pays de Galles, uvua ne bidimu 28, wakamueneka muikale mulongi wa tshisumi ne muenji wa mudimu, muena malu mapole ne muena kalolo. Kunyima kua matuku makese, bantu babidi aba bakapangadika bua kukudimuna Bible mu tshiena-Tahiti.

Mudimu mukole

Nansha nanku, kukudimuna mukanda mu tshiena-Tahiti kuvua mudimu mukole, bualu kabavua banji kufunda mukanda nansha umue mu tshiena-Tahiti to. Ba-misionere aba bavua ne bua kulonga muakulu au anu mu diteleja bivua bantu bakula. Kabavua ne nkonga-miaku peshi mukanda uvua ulongesha muakulu au to. Ngakuilu wa dienda dikosa mueyelu wa muakulu eu, dilondangana dia maleta majikuke a bungi (nansha atanu mu muaku umue), ne dibenga kuikala ne maleta matshintamane a bungi mu muakulu eu, bionso ebi biakatekesha ba-misionere mu mikolo. Bavua badiabakena bamba ne: “Miaku ya bungi mmienza anu ne maleta majikuke, ne dileta dionso didi ne wadi nshindumuinu.” Bakamba ne: kabavua bakokesha “bua kukuata nshindumuinu wa miaku bimpe menemene mudibi bikengedibua to.” Bavua bafika too ne ku diela meji ne: bavua bumvue nshindumuinu ya miaku itu kayiyi mianji kuikalaku to!

Lutatu luabu luakalua kukola bualu ku musangu ne ku musangu, bavua bakandika imue miaku ya tshiena-Tahiti ne bapingaja mikuabu pa muaba wayi. Miaku ivua ne diumvuija dia muomumue ivua ifila lunga lutatu kabidi. Bua muaku “disambila,” kuvua miaku mipite pa 70 mu tshiena-Tahiti. Lutatu lukuabu luvua se: mushindu wa disuikakaja biambilu mu tshiena-Tahiti mmushilangane bikole ne mu muakulu wa Anglais. Nansha muvuaku ntatu ayi, ku kakese ku kakese ba-misionere bakenza liste ya miaku yakalua Davies kupatula kunyima kua bidimu 50 bu nkonga-miaku wa miaku 10 000.

Kuvua kabidi lutatu lua kufunda tshiena-Tahiti. Ba-misionere aba bakateta bua kutshifunda ne mfundilu wa muakulu wa Anglais. Kadi mfundilu wa Anglais utu ne maleta a mu Latin kavua ukumbana bua kupatula nende nshindumuinu wa maleta a tshiena-Tahiti nansha. Ke bualu kayi ba-misionere bavua anu bakokangana bua nshindumuinu ne mfundilu wa miaku. Misangu ya bungi ba-misionere bavua bafumba yabu mishindu ya kufunda miaku, bualu buobu ke bavua bantu ba kumpala ba mu mbuu ya ku Sud bakabanga kufunda mu mikanda muakulu uvuabu bakula patupu. Kabavua bamanye ne: mudimu wabu uvua ne bua kulua tshilejilu bua miakulu ya bungi ya mu Pasifike wa ku Sud to.

Bikale ne bia-mudimu bikese, kadi ne meji a bungi

Bakudimunyi aba bavua anu ne mikanda mikese ya kubala. Bena mu SML bakabambila bua kuangatabu mukanda wa Textus Receptus ne Bible wa King James bu mikanda minene. Nott wakalomba bena mu SML bua kubatuminabu nkonga-miaku mikuabu ya tshiena-Ebelu ne tshiena-Gelika ne Bible ya mu miakulu yonso ibidi eyi. Katuena bamanye ni bakamutumina mikanda ayi. Pa bidi bitangila Davies, wakapeta imue mikanda ya bamanyi bapiluke mimutumina kudi balunda bende ba mu Pays de Galles. Malu adibu balonda adi aleja ne: uvua ne nkonga-miaku wa tshiena-Gelika, Bible wa tshiena-Ebelu, Dipungila Dipiadipia mu tshiena-Gelika ne Bible wa Septante.

Tshikondo atshi, mudimu wa diyisha wa ba-misionere kawakapatula bipeta to. Nansha mukavua ba-misionere basombele mu Tahiti bidimu 12, kakuvua muntu nansha umue wa muomu uvua mutambule to. Ndekelu wa bionso, mvita ya  munanunanu ya bena mu ditunga edi yakasaka ba-misionere bonso bua kunyemena mu ditunga dia Australie, pa kumbusha anu Nott muena tshisumi au. Munkatshi mua tshikondo kampanda, yeye ke misionere umuepele uvua mushale mu bidila bia Mpepele, mu bisumbu bia bidila bia Société, kadi wakalua kulonda Mukalenge Pomaré II pakanyemenaye mu tshidila tshia Moorea tshivua pabuipi apu.

Kadi diumbuka dia Nott kadiakimanyika mudimu wa dikudimuna to, ne kunyima kua Davies mumane kuenza bidimu bibidi mu Australie, wakalua kabidi kupetangana ne Nott. Anu mu tshiotshi tshikondo atshi, Nott ukavua mutuadije kulonga tshiena-Gelika ne tshiena-Ebelu ne ukavua mumanye miakulu ayi bimpe. Ke bualu kayi wakatuadija kukudimuna bimue bitupa bia Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu mu tshiena-Tahiti. Wakasungula mvese ya mu Bible ivua ne miyuki ivua bena ditunga mua kumvua bipepele.

Nott wakenza mudimu pamue ne Davies, kutuadijaye kukudimuna Evanjeliyo wa Luka, yeye kumujikija mu ngondo wa tshitema mu 1814. Wakakudimuna miaku ivua imvuika ilonda mushindu uvua bantu bakula, ne Davies yeye uvua ulondolola bivua Nott mukudimune bua kumona ni bivua bipetangana ne mifundu ya ku ntuadijilu. Mu 1817, Mukalenge Pomaré II wakalomba bua yeye nkayende kupatula dibeji dia kumpala dia Evanjeliyo wa Luka. Wakapatula dibeji adi ku tshiamu tshikese tshia kupatula natshi mikanda tshivua ba-misionere balue natshi mu Moorea. Muyuki wa dikudimuna dia Bible mu tshiena-Tahiti kawakuikala mujima tuetu katuyi bakule bua muena lulamatu kampanda wa mu Tahiti, diende Tuahine, wakashala ne ba-misionere aba bidimu bia bungi ne wakabambuluisha bua kumvua muakulu eu.

Badi bajikija kukudimuna Bible

Mu tshidimu tshia 1819, kunyima kua bidimu bisambombo bia mudimu mukole, bakajikija kukudimuna Evanjeliyo, Bienzedi bia Bapostolo ne mukanda wa Misambu. Tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi mikanda tshivuabu balue natshi kudi ba-misionere batshivua bafikilaku tshiakambuluisha bua kupatula ne kuabanya mikanda ya mu Bible eyi.

Mpindieu kuakalua tshikondo tshia mudimu muvule wa dikudimuna, dilondolola bivuabu bakudimune ne wa diambulula. Kunyima kua Nott mumane kuenza bidimu 28 mu Tahiti, wakatuadija kusama mu tshidimu tshia 1825, ne bena SML bakamuanyishila bua kupingana mu Angleterre. Diakalenga, tshikondo atshi dikudimuna Mifundu ya tshiena-Gelika dikavua anu dimane kujika. Nott wakatungunuka ne kukudimuna mikanda ya mu Bible ivua mishale pavuaye mu luendu mutangile mu Angleterre ne pakafikayemu. Wakalua kupingana mu Tahiti mu 1827. Kunyima kua bidimu muanda-mukulu, mu ngondo wa dikumi ne muibidi 1835, wakimanyika dikudimuna. Kunyima kua bidimu bipite pa 30 bia mudimu mukole, bakakudimuna Bible yonso mujima nkong.

Mu 1836, Nott wakapingana mu Angleterre bua kupatula Bible mujima wa tshiena-Tahiti mu Londres. Mu dia matuku 8 a ngondo muisambombo 1838, Nott wakaya ne disanka dionso kudi Mukalenge-mukaji Victoria bua kumuleja Bible wa kumpala uvuabu bapatule mu tshiena-Tahiti. Tudi tumvua bimpe bua se: etshi tshivua tshikondo tshia  disanka dia bungi bua muntu eu uvua muibaki wa nzubu kumpala, uvua muenze luendu kukavua bidimu 40 mu mazuwa a mâyi a Duff, kudifilaye bua kumanya bibidilu bia bena Tahiti bua kumona mua kujikija mudimu eu munenanenayi wakamuangata matuku ende mavule a muoyo.

Kunyima kua ngondo ibidi, Nott wakapingana ku Pasifike wa ku Sud ne mishete 27 mikale ne Bible 3 000 ya mu tshiena-Tahiti. Kunyima kua matuku ndambu mu Sydney, wakakuatshika kabidi disama, kadi wakabenga bua kabamutapuludi ne mishete ayi ivua ne bintu bia mushinga mukole. Kunyima kua mumane kumvua bimpe, wakafika mu Tahiti mu tshidimu tshia 1840, bantu e kunyemenabu ba bungi ku mishete ivuaye mulue nayi, bakeba bua kupeta Bible ya mu tshiena-Tahiti. Nott wakafua mu Tahiti mu ngondo muitanu wa tshidimu tshia 1844, muikale ne bidimu 70.

Mudimu wakambuluisha bikole

Kadi mudimu wa Nott wowu kawakafua to. Bible uvuaye mukudimune au wakambuluisha bikole mu miakulu ya mu Polynésie. Ba-misionere bakalama muakulu au pakaufundabu mu mikanda. Mufundi mukuabu wakamba ne: “Nott wakajadika tshiena-Tahiti tshia tshilejilu tshikale ne tuludi tua muakulu. Nebikale misangu yonso bimpe bua kunyemena ku Bible wakakudimunaye bua kulonga muakulu wa tshiena-Tahiti mu buimpe buawu.” Mudimu mukole eu wakenza bakudimunyi aba wakambuluisha bua kuvuluka binunu ne binunu bia miaku ivua mua kuikala mijimine. Kunyima kua bidimu lukama, mufundi mukuabu wakamba ne: “Bantu bonso badi bitaba ne: Bible wa pa buende wa mu tshiena-Tahiti wa Nott mmukanda mufunda ne meji a bungi wa mu tshiena-Tahiti.”

Mukanda eu wa mushinga mukole kauvua anu muambuluishe patupu bena Tahiti to, kadi wakalua nshindamenu wa mikanda mikuabu yakaluabu kukudimuna mu miakulu ya mu Pasifike wa ku Sud. Tshilejilu, bakudimunyi ba mu bidila bia Cook ne bia Samoa bakawangata bu tshilejilu. Mukudimunyi mukuabu wakamba ne: “Ndi muidikije mukalenge Nott bikole, ndi mukonkonone bimpe bimpe Bible wakakudimunaye.” Bakamba ne: mukudimunyi mukuabu ‘uvua ne mukanda wa Misambu wa mu tshiena-Ebelu ne Bible wa mu Anglais ne wa mu tshiena-Tahiti kumpala kuende’ pavuaye ‘ukudimuna umue wa ku misambu ya Davidi mu tshiena-Samoa.’

Bikale balonda tshilejilu tshia bena mu tshisumbu tshia Dibika tshia mu Angleterre, ba-misionere ba mu Tahiti bakakankamija bantu ne disanka dionso bua kulongabu mua kubala ne kufunda. Bulelela, Bible eu ke mukanda umuepele uvua nawu bena mu Tahiti munkatshi mua bidimu bipite pa lukama. Wakalua tshintu tshia mushinga mukole mu malu a bena Tahiti.

Tshimue tshia ku bimanyinu bitambe buimpe bia nkudimuinu wa Nott eu mbungi bua misangu mivule idi dîna dia Nzambi mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu ne ya tshiena-Gelika. Bua bualu ebu, lelu dîna dia Yehowa ndimanyike bimpe mu Tahiti ne mu bidila bia ditunga edi. Dîna edi ditu difunda too ne pa bimue bitanda bia bena Mishonyi. Kadi lelu dîna dia Nzambi batu nangananga badiumvua padibu bakula bua Bantemu ba Yehowa ne bua mudimu wabu wa kuyisha ne lukunukunu, udibu batamba kuenza ne Bible wa mu tshiena-Tahiti mukudimuna kudi Nott ne binende. Ne mudimu mukole wakenzabu kudi bakudimunyi bu mudi Henry Nott udi utuvuluija ne: tudi ne bua kuikala ne dianyisha bua mudi bantu ba bungi lelu bikale ne mushindu wa kubala Dîyi dia Nzambi.

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

Bible ya kumpala yakakudimunabu mu tshiena-Tahiti, mu 1815. Dîna dia Yehowa didimu

Henry Nott (1774-1844), mukudimunyi munene wa Bible wa mu tshiena-Tahiti

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Bible wa mu tshiena-Tahiti: Copyright the British Library (3070.a.32); Henry Nott ne mukanda: Collection du Musée de Tahiti et de ses Îles, Punauia, Tahiti; catechism: Ne dianyisha dia London Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 28]

Dîna dia Nzambi didi mu mukanda wa kateshisme wa mu miakulu ibidi: wa mu Tahiti ne wa mu Pays de Galles

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Ne dianyisha dia London Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Tshitanda tshia bena Mishonyi tshikale ne dîna dia Yehowa difunda kumpala, mu tshidila tshia Huahine, mu Polynésie Française

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Ne dianyisha dia Mpasata Teoroi Firipa