Mvita mmishintuluke
Mvita mmishintuluke
MVITA itu anu ikengeshangana bikole. Basalayi batu bafua mu mvita ne itu ikebela kabidi bantu ba tshianana makenga. Kadi mu bidimu bidi panshi ebi, mvita mmishintuluke. Mmunyi mudi mvita mishintuluke?
Mvita ya lelu idi nangananga pankatshi pa bisumbu bia bantu ba mu ditunga dimue nkayabu. Mvita ya buena eyi itu inenga bikole, ishiya bantu ne buôwa bua bungi, ditunga dinyanguka bikole kupita patu matunga abidi aluangana. Mumanyi wa malu a kale Julián Casanova wakamba ne: “Mvita ya bena ditunga dimue itu mibi be! Bantu binunu ne binunu batu bafua, batu bakuata bantu bakaji ku bukole bua kulala nabu, bamue bantu batu banyema, baya kusombela mikuabu miaba, ne imue misangu baya kule pa kujinga bua kushipa tshisamba tshijima.” Eyowa, padi bena mutumba baluangana, bitu bikole bua kupua malu aa muoyo lukasa, atu ashala bidimu ne bidimu.
Katshia mvita ya muinshimuinshi yajika, matunga makese ke atu melangane mvita. Tshisumbu kampanda (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute [SIPRI]) tshidi tshiamba ne: “Mvita minene yonso pa kumbusha anu isatu tshianana itu mienzeke kubanga mu 1990 too ne mu 2000 ivua yenzekela pankatshi pa bena ditunga dimue.”
Bulelela, mvita ya bena ditunga dimue idi mua kumueneka bu kayiyi ne bukole ne bisanji ne bikandakanda bidi mua kulengulula bua kuakula bualu buayi, kadi pabi mvita eyi mikale inyanga ditunga ne ikengesha bantu bikole menemene. Bantu miliyo ne miliyo mbafue mu mvita ya bena ditunga dimue. Nansha mu bidimu makumi abidi bidi bishale ebi, bantu miliyo mitue ku itanu mbafue mu matunga muvua mvita itua ipela, tshilejilu mu Afghanistan, République démocratique du Congo ne mu Soudan. Mu tshitupa tshimue tshia ku Mputu (matunga a Balkans), diluishangana pankatshi pa bisa ndifuishe bantu batue ku 250 000, ne mu ditunga dia Colombie mvita mmishipeshe bantu 100 000.
Mvita ya bena ditunga idi itamba kukengesha bana batekete. Bilondeshile tshisumbu tshia HCR, mu bidimu bia 1990, bana bapite pa miliyo ibidi mbafue mu mvita ya bena ditunga ne bakuabu miliyo isambombo mbatapike. Mbabueje bana bakuabu ba bungi ku bukole ku busalayi. Muana kampanda udi musalayi udi wamba ne: “Bakandongesha. Bakampa tshingoma. Ngakanua diamba. Ngakashipa bantu. Ba bungi be! Tshivua anu mvita tshianana . . . mvua ndonda anu tshivuabu bangambila. Mvua mumanye ne: mbibi. Kadi katshivua disua dianyi to.”
Bana ba bungi badi mu matunga mudi mvita eyi itua ipela ki mbamanye tshintu tshidibu babikila ne: ditalala to. Badi muaba udibu banyanga tulasa, ne kuyukila kua bantu nkuasangana masashi. Dunja, nsongakaji wa mvula 14 udi wamba ne: “Mbashipe bantu ba bungi be! . . . Kuena umvua kabidi muadi wa tunyunyu to, anu miadi ya bana badila ba tatuabu anyi ba mamuabu ne bana babu badi bafue.”
Ntshinganyi tshitu tshikebesha mvita eyi?
Tshitu tshikebesha mvita eyi ntshinyi? Dikinangana pankatshi pa bisa ne bisamba, dibenga
kumvuangana pankatshi pa bitendelelu, dikengesha bamue bantu tshianana kakuyi bualu ne bimvundu mu malu a tshididi ke bitu bitamba kukebesha mvita eyi. Lukuka ke tshikebeshi tshikuabu tshinene tshia mvita: dikeba bumfumu ne mfranga. Bena tshididi batu batemesha dikinangana ditu difikisha too ku mvita bualu badi ne lukuka. Tshisumbu tshia SIPRI tshidi tshiamba ne: bantu ba bungi batu baluangana mvita “bualu batu ne majinga abu kampanda.” Tshisumbu etshi tshidi tshiamba kabidi ne: “Lukuka ludi mishindu ya bungi, kutuadijila ku diluangana mvita bua kupana mbongo kudi banene ba basalayi ne bena tshididi too ne ku musoko kudi bansonga biba bintu ne bingoma.”Tshikuabu tshintu tshidi tshifikisha ku mvita mmushinga mukese udi nawu bingoma. Pabuipi ne bantu 500 000 badi bafua tshidimu tshionso (nangananga bakaji ne bana), batu babashipa ne bingoma bia bikese. Tshilejilu, mu dimue ditunga dia mu Afrike, tshingoma tshia AK-47 tshidi mushinga umue ne nzolo. Bualu bua dikema, mu imue miaba bingoma ebi mbivulangane anu bu nzolo mine. Badi bamba ne: mu buloba bujima mudi bingoma bia bikese bitue ku miliyo 500, mbuena kuamba ne: tshingoma 1 bua bantu 12 bonso badi pa buloba.
Mpindieu, mvita ya bena ditunga ke yashala tshimanyinu tshia bidimu bia 2000 ebi anyi? Kudiku mushindu wa kujikija mvita eyi anyi? Bantu nebalekele dishipangana anyi? Tshiena-bualu tshidi tshilonda etshi netshiandamune nkonko eyi.
[Kazubu mu dibeji 4]
Malu adi mvita ya bena ditunga ikebesha
Mu mvita idibu ne bingoma bia bikese kadi bashipa bantu bikole, bantu 90 pa 100 batubu bashipa kabatu basalayi to. Graça Machel (Secrétaire-Général wa O.N.U. mumanyi mupiluke mu malu a tshidi tshienzekela bana mu mvita) udi wamba ne: “Bidi bimueneka patoke ne: badibu balumbila mu mvita eyi mbana, kabatu bafua tshianana to.”
Batu bangata bantu bakaji ku bukole bikole mu mvita eyi. Mu imue miaba mene, basalayi badi balala ne bansongakaji pa kuamba bonso badibu bapeta mu misoko idibu bakuata. Tshipatshila tshiabu ntshia kutshingisha bantu anyi kukosa malanda adi pankatshi pa bena mêku.
Nzala ne masama bitu bilonda mvita. Tshimue tshipeta tshia mvita ya bena ditunga ntshiotshi etshi: batu bakuna ne bapola anu bintu bikese mu madimi, manga anu makese pikalaku tshisumbu kampanda tshidi tshiondapa bantu, ne diambuluisha dikese dia kudi matunga a pa buloba bujima nedifike kudi badi nadi dijinga. Biakamueneka mu dimue ditunga dia mu Afrike divua ne mvita ya benamu ne: bantu 20 pa 100 bakafua bua masama ne 78 pa 100 bua nzala. Anu 2 pa 100 ke bakafua ku bingoma.
Pamue ne minite 22 yonso eyi, kudi muntu udi ukoseka mukolo anyi diboko peshi ujimija muoyo wende bua bingoma bijiika mu buloba. Kudi bingoma bijiika ebi bitue ku miliyo 60 too ne ku miliyo 70 mu matunga mapite pa 60.
Kabiyi ku disua diabu bantu badi banyema ku mabu. Pa buloba bujima kudi bantu miliyo 50 badi banyeme ditunga anyi musoko wabu ne tshia bibidi tshia ku bantu aba mbana.
[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 2]
TSHIZUBU: Nsongalume: Foto wa kudi Chris Hondros/Getty Images
[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 3]
Foto wa kudi Chris Hondros/Getty Images