Manaya a kale ne mushinga wa ditshimuna

“MUNTU yonso udi utetangana bukole ne bakuabo mu manaya udi udikanda mu malu onso.” ‘Bikala muntu [mubuele] . . . mu manaya, kabena bamuasa tshifulu tshia bupitshi bikaleye kayi [munayamu] bu mudi mikenji ya manaya yamba.’​—1 Kolinto 9:25; 2 Timote 2:5.

Manaya avua mupostolo Paulo wakuila aa avua tshintu tshia mushinga mukole mu nsombelu wa bena Greke ba kale. Ntshinyi tshidi malu a kale atuambila bua manaya a ditembangana a mushindu eu ne mushindu uvua bantu badiumvua pavuawu enzeka?

Matuku mashale aa, bavua bateke bimfuanyi bia manaya a bena Greke mu Colisée (nzubu wa manaya) wa bena Lomo, babibikila ne: Nike​—Il gioco e la vittoria (“Nike: Manaya ne ditshimuna”). * Bintu abi biakafila tshitupa tshia diandamuna ku lukonko ludibu batuele elu, bisaka muena Kristo ku diela meji pa mushindu udiye wangata malu a manaya.

Tshilele tshiabu tshia kale

Bena Greke kabavua bantu ba kumpala ba kunaya manaya to. Nansha nanku, mu bidimu pamu’apa bia nkama muanda-mukulu bia kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi, Homère (muena Greke  mukuabu mufundi wa tusala) wakumvuija bualu bua bantu bavua ne lungenyi anu lua ditshimuna bakuabu ne dijinga dia kutembangana, bantu bavua bangata dimanya dia malu a busalayi ne dinaya manaya ne mushinga wa bungi. Bimfuanyi bia manaya a bena Greke biakaleja ne: manaya abu a ntuadijilu akabanga ne mianda ya malu a ditendelela mienza bua kutumbisha nzambi yabu mu madilu a lufu lua bilobo biabu. Tshilejilu, mukanda wa kale menemene wa bena Greke mufunda kudi Homère (Iliade) udi umvuija muvua bena mvita bapiluke bavua balunda ba Achilles bateke bia-mvita biabu panshi pavuabu bajikije mikiya ya mu madilu a Patroclus ne batembangane bua kulejangana bulobo buabu mu dikumangana mbata, mu dielangana bibula, mu dinaya dia dikupilangana bintu ne dia kuasangana mafuma ku bule, ne mbilu ya matempu makoka kudi tubalu.

Bakabanga kuenza manaya a muomumue aa mu Grèce mujima. Mukanda wa bimfuanyi bia manaya au udi wamba ne: “Manaya aa avua tshikondo tshinene tshivua bena Greke banji kulekela makokangana abu a tshikisu avua kaayi ajika bua kunemeka nzambi yabu, bashintulula lungenyi luabu lua ditembangana ne bangata lua ditalala kadi luikale ne tshipatshila tshimue tshia ditembangana mu manaya.”

Bena mu bimenga bia bungi bakashala ne tshilele tshia kutuilangana pa tshibidilu miaba mimanyike ya ntendelelu bua kukukuila nzambi yabu mu manaya a ditembangana. Mu bule bua bikondo, manaya anayi aa: Manaya a Olympie ne a mu Némée (menza mu dîna dia nzambi Zeus), manaya a mu Pythie (menza mu dîna dia nzambi Apollon) ne manaya a mu Kolinto (menza mu dîna dia nzambi Poséidon) akatangalaka e kulua manaya a bena Greke bonso. Mbuena kuamba ne: bavua baanaya kudi bantu ba mu ditunga dionso dia Grèce. Manaya aa avua mashindamene pa milambu ne masambila ne avua atumbisha nzambi ku ditebangana mu malu a mbilu anyi a difumba bintu.

Dinaya dia kale dia ku manaya aa divua ne mushinga wa bungi menemene (didibu baleja ne: diakatuadija mu 776 kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi) bavua badienza kunyima kua bidimu bionso binayi bua kunemeka Zeus mu Olympie. Kuvua dibidi divua padi ne mushinga wa bungi ke divua dienzeka mu tshimenga tshia Pythie. Banayi badi bavua badinayila pabuipi ne tshitempelu tshia mbuku tshia kale tshia mu Delphes ne dinaya edi divua kabidi ne batembianganyi. Kadi bua kutumbisha Apollon (nzambi wa misambu ne maja), bavua batamba kuimba misambu ne kuja maja.

Mmanaya kayi avua enzekamu?

Patudi tufuanyikija manaya a kale ne a matuku etu aa, manaya a kale avua makese ne anu bantu balume ke bavua banayamu. Programe wa manaya a kale a mu Olympie kavua ne manaya mapite pa dikumi to. Mpingu, bimfuanyi bienza ne tupese tua mabue, bindidimbi ne bimfuanyi bizola pa ngesu ya mabumba bivuabu bateke mu Colisée bua kubandila, bivua bileja bimfuanyi bikese bia manaya aa.

Kuvua mishindu isatu ya lubilu lua makasa: dinyema mu mutantshi wa metre matue ku 200; dinyema misangu ibidi, difuanangane ne dia lelu dia metre 400; ne lubilu lua mutantshi mule lua metre matue ku 4 500. Banayi bavua banyema ne badibidija anu kabayi bilamba. Batembianganyi mu dinaya dia pentathlon bavua batembangana mu manaya atanu: dinyema lubilu, ditumpika, dikupa dia bintu bia bujitu, ne dia difuma, ne dielangana bibula. Mu ditembangana dikuabu bantu bavua benza bokse ne dinaya dikuabu (dia pancrace) didibu bumvuija bu “dinaya dia tshikisu tshikole divua disambakaja bokse ne dielangana bibula.” Kuvua kabidi mbilu ya matempu makoka kudi bana ba tubalu babidi anyi banayi peshi tubalu tukole mu mutantshi wa bule bua metre 1 600.

Bakumianganyi ba makofi bavua ne tshikisu tshikole ne imue misangu bavua bashipangana. Batembianganyi bavua bavuala bintu bienza ne  tshiseba tshikole ne bilamika tupesa tua biamu munda. Ke bualu kayi mutembanganyi mukuabu muena dîna dia Stratofonte kavua mua kudimanya mu lumuenu kunyima kua mumane kuenza bokse mêba anayi. Mpingu ne bimfuanyi bia kale bidi bileja ne: bakumianganyi ba mbata bavua banyanguka mpala bibi be.

Mu dielangana bibula mikenji ivua ilomba ne: muluanganyi uvua mua kukuata anu bitupa bia mubidi bia kuulu bia mukuabu ne mutshimunyi ng’eu uvua ututa mukuabu panshi wa kumpala misangu isatu. Kadi mu dinaya dia mbata misambakaja ne bibula kabavua bakandikamu diteyangana mikolo to. Baluanganyi bavua mua kukumangana miseba, mbata ne kutengununangana manungu. Kadi bavua bakandikamu malu aa: ditonkonangana mêsu, dielangana nzadi ne disumangana mênu. Tshipatshila tshivua tshia kushiya muluishi panshi kayi unyunga ne kumuenzeja bua kuitaba ku bukole ne: bavua bamutshimune. Bamue bantu bavua bamona dinaya edi bu “bualu buimpe butambe bua mu manaya onso a mu Olympie.”

Badi bamba ne: dinaya dia mbata misambakaja ne bibula divua ditamba kuenda lumu mu bikondo bia kale diakenzeka mu ditembangana dia ndekelu mu 564 kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi mu Olympie. Arrhachion, uvuabu bakuate mu diminu wakapeta lungenyi lua kutengunuja muluishi wende bana ba nkasa. Muluishi wende mutekesha kudi bisama wakakuluka panshi diakamue kumpala kua Arrhachion kufuaye. Balumbuluishi bakapesha tshitalu tshia Arrhachion ditshimuna!

Lubilu lua matempu ke luvua lutambe kuenda lumu bikole ne lutambe kutangalaka munkatshi mua bamfumu, bualu mutshimunyi kavua uvua wendesha ditempu to, kadi uvua muena ditempu ne tubalu. Bualu bua mushinga mukole mu lubilu elu buvua buenzeka ku ntuadijilu, pavua bendeshi ba matempu bashala mu njila, nangananga pavuabu banyunguluka muaba uvuabu ne bua kuimanyikila lubilu luabu. Dibenga kunemeka mikenji ya manaya divua mua kukebesha njiwu ivua itamba kukoka ntema ya bantu ba bungi ku dinaya edi.

Difutu

Mupostolo Paulo wakamba ne: ‘Bantu badi balumbila lubilu mu tshilumbilu badi balumbila bonso, kadi umue wabu udi wangata [difutu].’ (1 Kolinto 9:24) Ditshimuna ke divua tshintu tshia mushinga mukole. Kakuvua muaba muibidi anyi muisatu to. Bimfuanyi bia manaya abi bivua bileja ne: “Ditshimuna anyi ‘Nike’ ke tshivua tshipatshila tshia munayi. Ditshimuna patupu divua ne mushinga bualu divua dileja bumuntu bulelela bua munayi ne bikadilu biende ne divua kabidi butumbi bua tshimenga tshiabu.” Kamue kasala kavua Homère mufunde kadi kaleja mmuenenu uvua nende banayi, kadi kamba ne: “Ndi mulonge mua kutshimuna misangu yonso.”

Difutu divuabu bapesha mutshimunyi mu manaya a bena Greke divua dia tshifuanyikijilu patupu: tshifulu tshia mabeji a mutshi. Paulo wakatshibikila ne: “tshifulu tshia butumbi tshidi tshisunsuke.” (1 Kolinto 9:25) Kadi difutu adi divua ne diumvuija dinene. Divua dileja bukole bua malu a panu buvua nabu mutshimunyi. Ditshimuna, diodi dipatshila ne muoyo mujima divua dileja dianyisha dia nzambi. Mu bimfuanyi abi bavua baleje mushindu uvua bafumbi ne bazodi badifuanyikijila mushindu uvua Nike, nzambi-mukaji wa ditshimuna uvua ne mapuapua, upesha mutshimunyi tshifulu tshia butumbi. Ditshimuna mu manaya a mu Olympie divua ndekelu wa matoba bua munayi yonso.

Bifulu bia butumbi bia mu Olympie bivua bienza ne mabeji a mitshi ya olive ya muitu. Tshifulu tshia mu manaya a mu Kolinto tshivua tshienza ne makaka, tshia mu manaya a mu Delphes ne  laurier ne tshia mu manaya a mu Némée tshivua tshienza ne seleri wa muitu. Balongolodi ba manaya aa ba miaba yonso bavua bafila makuta anyi mafutu makuabu bua kukoka banyemi bapiluke. Malongo a bungi avuabu bateke bua kubandila avua mafutu avuabu bafila mu manaya a mu Atena avuabu benzela nzambi-mukaji Athéna. Mu bisangala ebi muvua mafuta a mu buloba bua Atena. Ku luseke lumue lua tshimue tshia ku bisangala ebi kuvua tshimfuanyi tshia nzambi-mukaji eu ne miaku eyi: “difutu bua banayi ba Athéna.” Ku lukuabu luseke kuvua tshimfuanyi tshia dinaya kampanda dia pa buadi, pamu’apa divua munayi mutshimune.

Mu bimenga bia mu Grèce bavua basankidila lumu lua banayi ba muabu bavua balua bilobo miaba ivuabu basombele bua ditshimuna diabu. Bavua bakidila batshimunyi ne butumbi bua bungi pavuabu bapingana. Bavua benza mpingu ya banayi aba ne bayilambula nzambi yabu (bualu bua lumu buvuabu kabayi benzela bantu badi bafua) ne bafundi ba tusala bavua babimbila misambu bua dikima diabu. Pashishe batshimunyi aba bavua basomba pa miaba ya kumpala mu mafesto ne bavua babapesha difutu dia makuta avua bantu bafuta bua bitadi.

Nzubu ya dibidija mubidi ne bantu bavua banayamu

Bavua bangata dinaya dia kutembangana bu bualu bua mushinga mukole mu dilubuluka dia musalayi yonso muena mu tshimenga. Mu bimenga bionso bia mu Grèce muvua nzubu ya dibidija mubidi muvua bansonga badibidija mubidi ne muvuabu babalongesha kabidi malu a dimanya mukanda ne a ntendelelu. Bavua bibakila nzubu ya dibidija mubidi ayi pabuipi ne bipapu binene bia buloba bia kuenzela kalasisa, binyunguluka kudi mbalanda ya bibumba ne kudi nzubu mikuabu ivuabu batekela mikanda anyi tulasa. Bansongalume ba mu mêku mabanji ke bavua batamba kuya mu bilongelu ebi bualu bavua ne mushindu wa kupitshisha dîba diabu ku dilonga pamutu pa kudifila ku mudimu. Mu bilongelu abi, banayi bavua badilongolola bikole, munkatshi mua matuku a bungi ku manaya ne diambuluisha dia balongeshi bavua babaleja bintu bia kudia ne bia kubenga kudia ne babepula ku disangila ne bakaji.

Dibandila bintu diakenzeka mu Colisée diakapetesha babandidi mushindu wa kumona mpingu mimpe ya bena manaya ba kale, nangananga eyi ivua bena Lomo batentule ku ya bena Greke ya ku ntuadijilu. Bilondeshile malu a dimanya a bena Greke ba kale, dikala ne mubidi mupuangane divua diumvuija dikala ne bienzedi bipuangane ne divua anu kudi babanji, mibidi eyi mikumbanangane bimpe ya batshimunyi ba mu manaya ivua ileja lungenyi lua nkindi lupuangane. Bena Lomo bavua bangata mpingu eyi bu bintu bia kulengeja nabi imue miaba, ne ya bungi ya kudiyi bavua balengeja nayi mu bipalu, biowedi, nzubu minene ne ya mabalasa.

Munkatshi mua bena Lomo, manaya a tshikisu avua matangalake bikole, ke bualu kayi mu manaya onso a bena Greke, dikumangana mbata, dielangana bibula ne dienza bionso bibidi pamue bavua babianyisha bikole kupita manaya onso kudi bantu. Bena Lomo kabavua bangata manaya aa bu mushindu wa ditembangana pankatshi pa bantu bua kujadika malu mimpe abu to, kadi bivua bua kujikija lutetuku. Bakalekela lungenyi lua diangata manaya bu tshintu tshidibu ne bua kuenza kudi kasumbu kampanda ka bantu bu tshitupa tshia dilongesha diabu. Kadi, bena Lomo bakakepesha mushinga wa manaya a bena Greke, kubangishabu kuangata bu kalasisa ka kuenza kumpala kua kuowa mâyi anyi bu manaya a bantu  kutangila menza kudi banayi ba milongo mipuekele, bifuanangane ne manaya a mvita ya lufu.

Bena Kristo ne manaya

Bu muvua malu a ntendelelu abuelakanangana ne malu a manaya, bena Kristo ba mu bidimu lukama bia kumpala bavua ne bua kuepuka malu aa bualu ‘ntempelo wa Nzambi udi upunga dîyi kayi ne mpingu?’ (2 Kolinto 6:14, 16) Kadi netuambe tshinyi bua manaya lelu?

Bidi bimueneka patoke ne: manaya a lelu kaena atumbisha nzambi ya dishima to. Kadi, kabienaku bilelela bua se: amue manaya adi pabuipi ne malu a ntendelelu, mafuanangane ne a buena a kale au anyi? Kabidi, anu muvua luapolo ya bidimu bishale ebi mileje, bua kutshimuna, bamue banayi bavua banua diamba bua kuvudija dikanda diabu, pabi diamba dikale dinyanga makanda abu a mubidi anyi mioyo yabu.

Bua bena Kristo, dilengeja mubidi kadiena ne mushinga wa bungi menemene to. Ngikadilu ya mu nyuma ya “muntu musokoma wa mu mutshima” ke idi ituvuija balenga ku mêsu kua Nzambi. (1 Petelo 3:3, 4) Tudi bamanye ne: ki mbonso batu baditua mu manaya lelu batu ne lungenyi lubi lua ditembangana to, kadi ba bungi batu nalu. Didisangisha nabu didiku mua kutuambuluisha bua kutumikila mubelu wa mu Mukanda wa Nzambi wa ‘kubenga kuenza muanda [nansha umue] bua ditapuluka anyi bua kuditumbisha patupu, kadi bua kuikala ne mitshima mipuekele’ anyi? Peshi didisangisha nabu dia nunku kadiakutufikisha ku ‘lukuna, kutandangana, mukawu, tshiji, kutapuluka’ anyi?​—Filipoi 2:3; Galatia 5:19-21.

Manaya a bungi a lelu adi bantu banaya ne bakuabu atu ne ndambu wa tshikisu munda muawu. Muntu yonso udi manaya aa asankisha udi ne bua kuvuluka mêyi adi mu Musambu wa 11:5 aa: ‘Yehowa udi uteta muntu muakane; kadi mutshima wende udi ne muntu mubi ne muntu udi musue malu a [tshikisu] lukuna.’

Dienza kalasisa dimpe didi mua kusankisha muntu, ne mupostolo Paulo wakamba ne: “Dikolesha dia mubidi didi ne mushinga muimpe kakese.” (1 Timote 4:7-10) Kadi pavua Paulo wakula bua manaya a mu Grèce, uvua wakula mu mushindu muakanyine bua bualu buabu anu bua kuleja ne: bena Kristo badi ne bua kuikala ne ngikadilu bu mudi didikanda ne ditantamana. Bualu butambe onso buvua Paulo udienzeja bua kukumbaja buvua bua kupeta “tshifulu tshia butumbi” tshia muoyo wa tshiendelele. (1 Kolinto 9:24-27; 1 Timote 6:12) Wakatushila tshilejilu tshia kulonda.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu/​Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 31]

Munayi wa bokse mmuikishe

Lupingu lua tshiamu tshia bronze elu lua mu bidimu bia 300 kumpala kua bikondo bietu ebi ludi luleja muvua dinaya dia bokse dia kale dinyangangana. Bilondeshile kakanda kavua kumvuija bimfuanyi bia dibandila bivuabu bateke mu Lomo, mu manaya aa bavua bangata “bu tshilejilu tshimpe ditantamana dia munayi wa bokse . . . uvua muditue mu mvita mikole ya katshi ku dînu, muvuabu ‘bapingaja mputa ku mputa.’” Kakanda aka kadi kamba kabidi ne: “Mputa ya mvita itshivua ijikilaku ivua iditenteka pa bibangu bia mvita ya kale.”

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Mbilu ya matempu ivua manaya a kale a ditembangana avua bantu banyisha bikole

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 30]

Bazodi ba kale bavua bafuikakaja tshimfuanyi tshia nzambi-mukaji wa ditshimuna muikale ne mapuapua uvuadika mutshimunyi tshifulu tshia butumbi