Mélito wa ku Sardes uvua wakuila malongesha adi mu Bible anyi?

KU TSHIDIMU tshionso bena Kristo balelela batu benza Tshivulukilu tshia lufu lua Yezu mu dituku didi dikumbanangana ne dia 14 dia ngondo wa Nisana bilondeshile kabala matuku anyi kalandriye ka bena Yuda. Padibu benza Tshivulukilu etshi, badi batumikila dîyi dia Yezu edi: ‘Tungunukayi ne kuenza nunku bua kumvuluka.’ Dituku adi mu tshidimu tshia 33, Yezu wakanji kudia Pasaka, pashishe kulua kuenza bua musangu wa kumpala Tshivulukilu tshia lufu luende. Wakafua kumpala kua dituku adi kupitadi.​—Luka 22:19, 20; 1 Kolinto 11:23–28.

Mu bidimu bia 100 ne pa mutu, bamue bantu bakateta bua kushintulula dituku divuabu bashiye bua Tshivulukilu ne mushindu muine uvuabu batshienze. Bena ku Asia Mukese bobu bakatungunuka ne kuenza Tshivulukilu tshia lufu lua Yezu amu dituku divuaye mufue adi. Kadi mukanda mukuabu udi wamba ne: “Bena mu tshimenga tshia Lomo ne tshia Alesandelia bavua ne tshilele tshia kuvuluka dibika dia Yezu ku lufu mu Dia lumingu dia panyima pa lufu luende,” divuabu babikila ne: Dibika dia Pasaka. Kasumbu ka bena dituku dia 14 (Quartodéciman) bavua bobu baluangana anu bua bantu bikale benza Tshivulukilu tshia lufu lua Yezu mu dituku dia 14 dia ngondo wa Nisana. Mélito wa ku Sadres uvua pende mu kasumbu aka. Mélito muine nnganyi? Mmushindu kayi uvuaye wakuila malu adi mu Bible?

‘Mufidi wa butoke munene’

Ku ndekelu kua bidimu bia 100, Eusèbe wa ku Cesarée wakafunda mu mukanda wende uleja muvua Polycrate wa ku Efeso mutume mukanda ku Lomo bua bikale benza Tshivulukilu tshia lufu lua Yezu mu “dituku dia 14 divua dia Kupita kua Yehowa bilondeshile Evanjeliyo, bua kubenga kutshienza dituku dikuabu, kadi bua kuenza malu bilondeshile tshidi Buena-Kristo bulomba.” (Ecclesiastical History) Bilondeshile mukanda eu, Mélito (muepiskopo wa ku Sadres, mu Lydie) uvua umue wa ku bantu bavua bamba ne: mbimpe kuenza Tshivulukilu tshia lufu lua Yezu mu dituku dia 14 dia ngondo wa Nisana. Mukanda eu udi uleja muvua bantu ba tshikondo atshi bangata Mélito bu uvua pende munkatshi mua ‘bafidi ba butoke banene bakavua bafue.’ Polycrate wakamba muvua Mélito kayi musele mukaji ne “mudifile muende muonso anu mu malu a Nyuma Muimpe. Mbamujiike mu Sardes mudiye mushale muindile dibikila dia mu diulu pamubishabu ku lufu.” Mêyi aa adi aleja ne: Mélito uvua  munkatshi mua bantu bavua bitaba ne: dibika dia bafue nedienzeke anu pikala Kristo mua kupingana tshiakabidi.​—Buakabuluibua 20:1-6.

Bidi bimueneka ne: Mélito uvua muntu wa muoyo mukole ne wa tshisumi tshia bungi. Yeye ke wakafunda mukanda wa Apology bua kuakuila bena Kristo; wa kumpala uvua muutumine Marcus Aurelius uvua mukalenge wa bena Lomo mu tshidimu tshia 161 ne too ne ku tshia 180. Mélito kavua utshina bua kuleja patoke tshidi malongesha a bena Kristo to. Kavua kabidi nansha utshina bua kuela patoke bantu babi ne bena lukuka to. Bantu babi ne bena lukuka ba mushindu eu bavua bakeba pa kuendela mushinga ne dîyi dia bakalenge bua kukengesha bena Kristo ne kubakosela bibawu bia mafi bua kumona mua kubanyenga bivuabu nabi.

Mélito wakafundila mukalenge kayi utshina to; wakamba ne: “Tudi tukulomba anu bualu bumue ebu, bua wewe nkayebe utangile tshilumbu tshia [bena Kristo], ne ulumbuluishe bimpe tshilumbu etshi bua kumanya bikala bena Kristo bakanyine lufu anyi dinyoka anyi bikalabu kabayi ne bualu bikengela kubasungila. Kadi bikala mukenji mupiamupia eu, udi kawuyi nansha mua kuakanyina baluishi betu ba tshianana aba, bikala mukenji eu kawuyi mufumine kuudi, tudi tukusengelela bua kulekedi bena tshimvundu aba batukengesha nunku to.”

Udi wenza mudimu ne Bible bua kuleja patoke malongesha a bena Kristo

Mélito uvua ulonga Bible ne disuminyina dia bungi. Katuena bamanye mikanda yonso ivuaye mufunde to, kadi patudi tutangila imue, bidi bileja ne: uvua muntu uvua munange malu a mu Bible bikole. Mêna a imue mikanda yende ngowu aa: Nsombelu wa muena Kristo ne wa baprofete, Ditabuja dia muntu, Bintu bidi Nzambi mufuke, Batismo ne bulelela ne ditabuja ne diledibua dia Kristo, Diakidila benyi, Nsapi ne Diabolo ne Buakabuluibua bua Yone.

Mélito uvua muenze ngendu mu miaba yonso ivuabu bafundila Bible bua kumanya bungi bua mikanda idibu banyishe mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu. Nunku, wakafunda ne: “Bu mumvua muye mu Asia ne mufike muaba uvuabu bayisha ne batumikila malu a mu mikanda ya Dipungila Dikulukulu, mualonge bimpe menemene ne muafunde, ndi nkutumina bintu bionso bindi mufunde ebi.” Mu mêna a mikanda a Mélito kamuena mukanda wa  Nehemiya ne wa Esête to, kadi tumanye ne: liste wende wa mikanda mianyisha ya mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu eu, ke wa kale ku yonso idibu bafunde kudi bantu bavua bitabe Buena-Kristo.

Pavua Mélito wenda ukebulula malu, wakasangisha mvese ya bungi idi yakula bua Yezu mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu. Mukanda mukuabu uvuaye mufunde udi uleja ne: Yezu Kristo ke Masiya uvua bantu bindile bidimu bia bungi ne Mikenji ya Mose ne Baprofete bonso badi bakula anu buende.​—Extracts.

Mélito udi uleja ne: mulambu wa Yezu udi ne mushinga mukole

Bena Yuda ba bungi bavua basombele mu bimenga binene bia mu Asia Mukese. Bena Yuda ba mu Sardes, muvua Mélito musombele bavua badia Pasaka wabu mu dituku dia 14 dia ngondo wa Nisana. Mélito wakafunda ka-mukanda kakese ka mayisha kavua kaleja mushinga wa Pasaka patshivuaku Mikenji ya Mose, ne bua kutumbisha bena Kristo bua muvuabu benza Tshivulukilu tshia lufu lua Yezu mu dituku dia 14 dia ngondo wa Nisana.​—The Passover.

Mélito udi wanji umvuija Ekesode nshapita wa 12, uleja muvua Pasaka (anyi Kupita kua Yehowa) muikale mundidimbi wa mulambu wa Kristo; umvuija mudibi kabiyi kabidi bimpe bua bena Kristo kutungunuka ne kuenza Pasaka. Bidi nanku bualu Nzambi wakashipa bualu bua Pasaka pakumushaye Mikenji ya Mose. Wakaleja mudi mulambu wa Kristo ne mushinga pakambaye ne: Nzambi uvua muteke Adama mu mparadizu bua kuikalaye ne muoyo ne disanka kashidi. Kadi muntu wa kumpala eu wakabenga kutumikila mukenji uvua ubakandika bua kudia tshimuma tshia mutshi wa kumanya malu mimpe ne malu mabi. Ke bualu kayi bantu bavua mpindieu dijinga ne mulambu bua kubapikula.

Mélito uvua muakule kabidi bua dilua dia Yezu pa buloba, lufu luende pa mutshi bua kufila mulambu wa kupikula nawu bantu badi ne ditabuja ku bubi ne lufu. Bualu budi butusankisha budi ne: Mélito uvua wenza mufunde muaku wa tshiena-Greke xylon udi umvuija “mutshi” pavuaye wakula bua tshintu tshivuabu bapopele Yezu bua kumushipa.​—Bienzedi 5:30; 10:39; 13:29, MMM.

Mélito uvua mumanyike bikole miaba mikuabu kupita ne mu Asia Mukese muvuaye. Tertullien, Clément wa ku Alesandelia, ne Origène bavua bamanye mikanda ivuaye mufunde bimpe. Kadi mufundi wa malu a kale Raniero Cantalamessa udi wamba ne: “Lumu lua Mélito luakabanga kupueka ku kakese ku kakese too ne muvua mikanda yende mijimine. Bualu ebu buvua butuadije pavua bantu ba bungi babange kuenza Pasaka mu Dia lumingu dia panyima pa lufu lua Kristo ne benza Tshivulukilu tshia lufu lua Yezu mu dituku dia 14 bu batontolodi.” Ndekelu wa bionso, mikanda ya Mélito yakajimina yonso nkong.

Mélito uvua pende mutontolodi anyi?

Kunyima kua lufu lua bapostolo, butontolodi bukole buakajuka munkatshi mua bena Kristo balelela anu bu mukavuabu bamanyishe. (Bienzedi 20:29, 30) Bidi bimueneka ne: nansha Mélito pende wakalua mutontolodi. Mushindu uvuaye mufunde mikanda yende udi ufuanangana ne mushindu uvuabu bafunda mikanda ya malu a nkindi ya bena Greke ne ya bena Lomo. Pamuapa ke tshivua tshifikishe Mélito too ne ku dibikila Buena-Kristo ne: “nkindi yetu.” Uvua kabidi umona dibuelakana dia bena Kristo ba ku dîna mu mbulamatadi wa bena Lomo bu “tshimanyinu tshinene . . . tshia malu mimpe.”

Mélito kavua menemene muteleje mubelu wa mupostolo Paulo eu wa ne: ‘Nudimuke bua muntu kikadiku udi mua kununyanga ne nkindi yende ne lubombo lua patupu, bu mudi bilele biamba kudi bantu, bu mudi mayisha a kumudilu pa buloba, ne ki mbu mudi Kristo mutuyishe.’ Nunku, nansha muvua Mélito muleje patoke malongesha malelela adi mu Bible, kadi kavua utamba kualonda bu mudibi to.​—Kolosai 2:8.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 18]

Yezu wakenza bua musangu wa kumpala Tshivulukilu tshia lufu luende mu dia 14 ngondo wa Nisana