Kubayini Silitlhoga Ithemba

KUTHIWANI nangabe u-Daniel obekanokugula kwekankere ekukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni esidlulileko bekangakhenge alilahle ithemba? Kghani bekazoyihlula ikankere? Kghani bekazabe asaphila nanamhlanjesi? Ngitjho nabantu abakukholelwa kwamambala ukuthi kufuze singalilahli ithemba bebazokuthoma ukuzaza okwesikhatjhana lokho. Nanti iphuzu eliqakathekileko endabeni le. Akakufuzi sizaze amandla wokuba nethemba. Alisiyipengu yazo zoke izinto.

Nakakhuluna nabeendaba ze-CBS, u-Dr. Nathan Cherney wayelelisa ngengozi yokuqalela phasi amandla wokuba nethemba nasigulelwako, wathi: “Khesaba nobujamo la khona amadoda anyaza abafazi bawo athi abazindli ngokwaneleko begodu abanambono omuhle ngokwaneleko.” U-Dr. Cherney wangezelela wathi: “Ubujamobu bafaka umbono wokulawula izinto kangangokuthi abantu nabangenzi kuhle, kufana nokuthi abantwabo babhalelwe kulawula iliqa labo ngokwaneleko begodu lokho akusimbono ofaneleko.”

Eqinisweni, labo abalwa nokugula basepini eqeda amandla begodu engasibulula. Asifuni ukwenza umuntu onjalo azizwe alahlwa ngunembezakhe. Kghani singaphetha ngokuthi ithemba alikaqakatheki?

Awa, angeze satjho njalo. Udorhodera esikhuluma ngaye lo ngokwesibonelo, usebenza khulu ngokunciphisa ubuhlungu nokutjheja amatshwayo ebantwini abagulako, kodwana akabasizi ukuthi balwisane namagulwabo bebabe nepilo ede, kunalokho wenza ukuthi baledlhe baragele phambili nokulwisana nokugula kwabo. Abodorhodera abanjengaye bakholelwa ngokuqinileko ukuthi akuqakatheki ukuthi umuntu kufuze abe nomkhumbulo othabileko ngitjho nanyana agula khulu. Kunobufakazi obuphathekako bokuthi ithemba lingakghona ukukwenza lokho nokhunye okungeziweko.

Ukuqakatheka Kwethemba

“Ithemba lithulusi lokwelapha elinamandla,” kutjho u-Dr. W. Gifford-Jones. Wahlola iimfundo ezihlukahlukeneko bona aveze ukuqakatheka kokusekeleka ngokwamazizo labo abagula khulu. Kuthiwa ukusekelokhu kusiza abantu babe nethemba nomkhumbulo omuhle. Irhubhululo elenziwa ngo-1989 laveza ukuthi abantu abagulako abasekelwa ngendlela le baphila isikhathi eside, kukulapho irhubhululo elenziwe muva nje libe nomphumela ongakaqinisekiswa endabeni le. Nanyana kunjalo, irhubhululo elenziweko liveze ukuthi abantu abagulako abasekelwa ngokwamazizo abaqalani nokugandeleleka kangako ngokomkhumbulo begodu abazizwa kangako iinhlungu kunalabo abangasekelwako.

Tjheja elinye irhubhululo elidzimelele kilabo abanethemba nalabo abazazako nakuziwa eengulini eziphathwa yihliziyo (CHD). Kwahlolisiswa isiqubuthu samadoda angaphezu kwe-1 300 ukufumana ukuthi kghani banombono ofaneleko namkha ongakafaneleki ngendlela abaqala ngayo ukuphila. Okhunye ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngemva kweminyaka elitjhumi kwafumana ukuthi amadoda angaphezu kwamaphesende ali-12 khewaqalana ne-CHD. Hlangana namadoda la, labo abazazako bebadlula labo abanombono ofaneleko ngokuphila ngabantu ngabantu ababili emuntwini munye. ULaura Kubzansky, isekela lakaphrofesa wezepilo nezokuhlalisana we-Harvard School of Public Health, wathi: “Ubufakazi obunengi bomkhumbulo wokuthi ‘kufuze sibe nethemba’ ngombana lokho kuyilungele ipilwethu awuthembakali. Irhubhululweli linobufakazi obuphathekako malungana nendaba le nakuziwa ekuguleni okunjengokuphathwa yihliziyo.”

Irhubhululweli lifumane ukuthi labo abaqala ipilwabo njengebogabogako bathatha isikhathi ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa kunalabo abathi baphilile. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kukhambisana nokuba nombono omuhle. Elinye irhubhululo ladzimelela khulu ekuqaleni ukuthi imibono eyakhako nengakhiko ibathinta njani abantu abalupheleko. Lokha abantu abalupheleko nabatjengiswa kancani iinzuzo zokuluphala ukuthi ziletha ukuhlakanipha nelemuko, lokho kubanikela amandla. Ekhabolakhona, izinga lokululama belilinganiselwa neemveke ezili-12 zehlelo lokuzilolonga!

Kubayini ithemba, ukuzithemba nokuba nombono omuhle kuthuthukisa ipilo? Kungenzeka ukuthi abodorhodera nabososayensi abakabi ukuyizwisisa kuhle indlela ingqondo nomzimba womuntu okusebenza ngayo bona banganikela ngependulo ezwakalako. Nanyana kunjalo, izazi ezifunda ngendaba le zingazenzela iimphetho zazo ngendaba le. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye uphrofesa we-neurology wathi: “Kumnandi ukuthaba nokuba nethemba. Ubujamo obunjalo behlisa ukugandeleleka begodu nomzimba uyatjhaphuluka ebujamweni obunjalo. Lokhu kungenye yezinto abantu abangazenzela yona bona bahlale baphilile.”

Indaba le kungenzeka ikare abodorhodera, abososayensi nabodorhodera bomkhumbulo kodwana ebafundini beBhayibheli, indaba le ijayelekile. Eminyakeni epheze ibe zii-3 000 eyadlulako, iKosi ehlakaniphileko uSolomoni yaphefumulelwa bona itlole ithi: “Ihliziyo ethabileko injengesihlahla esipholisako,Kodwana ummoya odanileko wenza umzimba uphelelwe mamandla.” (IzAga 17:22) Tjheja ukulinganiselwa okuvezwe lapha. Iveseli alitjho ukuthi ihliziyo enamileko izokulapha nanyana ngikuphi ukugula kodwana litjho ukuthi “iyintatha ehle.”

Kuhlekuhle, kuhle nokuzibuza ukuthi, nangabe ithemba beliyintatha, ngimuphi udorhodera obekangekhe alinikele iinguli zakhe? Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nethemba kuqakatheke ngaphezu kwepilo ehle.

Ukuzethemba, Ukuzaza NePilwakho

Abarhubhululi bafumane ukuthi ukuba nethemba kwenza abantu babe nomkhumbulo omuhle. Benza kuhle esikolweni, emsebenzini ngitjho nakwezemidlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwenziwa irhubhululo ngabomma abagijimako. Ababanduli bahlolisisa kuhle amakghono wabomma abagijimakwaba. Ngesikhathi esifanako, abommaba bahlolisiswa godu nezinga labo lethemba. Umphumela waba kukuthi izinga lethemba labommaba belinembile begodu bekubonakala endleleni ebebenza ngayo kwezemidlalo begodu bekuvumelana nerhubhululo elenziwa babanduli babo. Kubayini ithemba linomthelela onamandla kangaka?

Kunengi okufundiweko ngokuhlola ukuzithemba nokuzaza. Hlangana neminyaka yabo-1960, irhubhululo laveza imiphumela ebeyingakalindeleki malungana nokuziphatha kweenlwana begodu lokhu ngikho okwenza abarhubhululi bavele nesitjho esithi, ‘ukungabi nethemba.’ Bafumana ukuthi ngitjho nabantu bangaqalana nehlobo lokugulokhu. Ngokwesibonelo, kwenziwa irhubhululo elithileko, kwathathwa abantu babekwa endaweni enetjhada elingakajayeleki begodu batjelwa ukuthi bangakghona ukulicima itjhadeli ngokuthi bagandelele iinkunubhe ebezilapho ezilandelanako. Baphumelela ekukhandeleni itjhadelo.

Isiqhema sesibili satjelwa into efanako, kodwana ukugandelela iinkunubhe khenge kube nomphumela ofanako. Njengombana nawe ungacabanga, inengi esiqhemeni sesibili lathoma ukuzizwa linganathemba. Emarhubhululweni alandelako, abantu bazaza ukuthatha amagadango. Bebaqiniseka ukuthi ayikho into abangayenza ebeyizokwenza umahluko. Ngitjho nesiqhemeni sesibili, labo ebebazithemba khenge bavume ukuphelelwa lithemba.

U Dr. Martin Seligman, owasiza ekwenzeni amanye wamarhubululo, wathoma ibizelo lokufunda ngokuzithemba nokuzaza. Wenza irhubhululo ngehlobo lokucabanga kwabantu ebebaziqala njengabanganathemba. Wathi, ukucabanga okunjalo kwenza abantu bangakghoni ukwenza izinto ezinengi kangangokuthi abantwabo bagcina sele kunganalitho abalenzako. U-Seligman urhunyeza indaba yokungabi nethemba nemiphumela yakhona ngendlela le: “Iminyaka ematjhumi amabili nahlanu yokufunda ingenze ngaqiniseka ukuthi nasijwayele ukukholelwa njengalabo abanganathemba ukuthi ngithi esizibangela ukuphundwa zizinto, lokho kuzokuragela phambili nokuba nomthelela kizo zoke izinto esizenzako, ngaphezu kwalokho sizokwehlelwa zizinto ezimbi kunalokha nasikholelwa ngenye indlela.”

Nalapha godu, iimphethwezi zingabonakala zizitjha kwabanye namhlanjesi kodwana zijayelekile ebantwini abafunda iBhayibheli. Tjheja isagesi: “Nangabe uyadana ngelanga lokugandeleleka, uzokuphela amandla.” (IzAga 24:10) Iye, iBhayibheli likubeka epepeneneni ukuthi ukudana nomphumelako omumbi kungasenza singasaba namandla wokwenza izinto. Khuyini ongayenza bona ulwisane nokuzaza ube mumuntu ozithembako nonethemba epilwenakho?

 [Isithombe ekhasini 4, 5]

Ithemba lingasenzela izinto ezinengi ezihle