Kodi “Ntchito Yokhazikika” Idamka Kuti?

GRAHAM * anagwira ntchito ku kampani ina yaikulu ya ku Australia kwa zaka 37. Atatsala pang’ono kukwanitsa zaka 60 zakubadwa, analandira kalata mwadzidzidzi yomuuza kuti kwatsala milungu yochepa kuti ntchito yake ithe. M’pomveka kuti iye anali wodabwa ndiponso wodera nkhaŵa kwambiri za moyo wake wam’tsogolo. ‘Kodi ntchito “yokhazikika yamoyo wanga wonse,” yomwe ndinkaganiza kuti siidzatha mpaka nditafika zaka zopuma pantchito yamka kuti?’ Anadzifunsa motero Graham.

N’zoona kuti kutha kwa ntchito sikodabwitsa kapena kwachilendo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa anthu ochotsedwa ntchito padziko lonse n’kwachilendo kwa antchito a m’badwo watsopano uno. N’zoona kuti pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimachititsa kuti ntchito ithe, komabe chifukwa chachikulu  kwambiri chikuoneka kuti ndi m’chitidwe womwe umatchedwa kuti kuchokocha antchito. Kodi kuchokocha antchito n’kutani, ndipo kodi kunayamba bwanji?

Kusintha kwa Malo Antchito

Chuma masiku ano chafalikira mowonjezereka padziko lonse. Zimenezi zinaonekera makamaka ku United States chakumapeto kwa m’ma 1970 pamene makampani anaona kuti antchito awo ambiri akugula magalimoto, zipangizo zamagetsi, ndiponso katundu wina wambiri wopangidwa kumayiko akutsidya lanyanja.

Pofuna kupikisana ndiponso kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe amawononga popanga zinthu, makampani a ku America anayamba kuchepetsa antchito m’malomwake n’kupititsa patsogolo njira ndi zipangizo zogwirira ntchito. Njira yochepetsera antchitoyi inayamba kutchedwa kuti kuchokocha antchito. Nthaŵi zambiri, m’chitidwewu wafotokozedwa kuti ndiko “kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha antchito a kampani, mwa kuchotsa antchito ena a kampaniyo, kuika njira zopumitsa msanga anthu pantchito, kuwasamutsa, ndiponso njira zina zochepetsera antchito.”

Kwazaka zambiri ndithu antchito wamba ndiwo kwenikweni anali kuchokochedwa pantchito. Koma chakumapeto kwa m’ma 1980 ndi kumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1990 zimenezi zinayamba kukhudzanso antchito a m’maofesi makamaka mabwana ang’onoang’ono. Posapita nthaŵi zimenezi zinafalikira m’mayiko onse otukuka. Popeza kuti mavuto azachuma anali kupitirirabe, pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe amawononga, maboma ndi makampani ena anapitiriza kuchokochabe antchito.

Anthu antchito ambiri amaona kuti palibenso ntchito yokhazikika. Mkulu wa bungwe lina la anthu apantchito ananena kuti: “Anthu amene agwira ntchito mokhulupirika kwazaka 10, kapena 15, kapenanso 20 aona ntchito yawo yodalirikayo ikulandidwa ndiponso iwo akuchotsedwa ntchito.” M’buku lake lakuti Healing the Downsized Organization, Delorese Ambrose anafotokoza kuti m’chaka cha 1956 mawu akuti “munthu wokhulupirika pantchito” anapekedwa kuti aziimira ogwira ntchito odziperekawo. Iye anawonjezera kuti: “Kaya anthuwa anali malebala kapena mamanijala, iwo ankalolera kupereka chuma chawo, moyo wawo, ndiponso kukhulupirika kwawo kukampani. Imeneyo ndiyo ankati ntchito yokhazikika yamoyo wonse. N’zoonekeratu kuti m’ntchito zamakono lonjezo limeneli lasweka.”

Anthu miyandamiyanda padziko lonse achotsedwa ntchito pochokochedwa, ndipo izi zakhudza antchito a gulu lililonse. Ku United States kokha, chiŵerengero cha anthu amene amawachokocha pantchito n’chachikulu kwambiri, moti anthu miyandamiyanda amawachotsa pantchito zawo zokhazikika. Kuchokocha kotereku kumachitika m’mayiko ena ambiri. Komabe, ziŵerengerozi pazokha sizikusonyeza mavuto enieni amene saoneka ndi maso.

Mapeto Ake Opweteka Kwambiri

Graham, yemwe tam’tchula koyambirira kwa nkhani ino, ananena kuti: “Munthu umavutika kwambiri maganizo.” Iye ananena kuti kumuchotsa kwake ntchito kunali ngati “matenda kapena ngati kugundidwa ndi chinachake.”

Ngati kukhulupirika sikunapindule kanthu, anthu amaona kuti apusitsidwa chifukwa chakuti kudzipereka kwawo konse komwe anachitira kampani kulibe phindu. Anthu amataya chikhulupiriro makamaka pamene mabwana akuluakulu akulandira mphoto zikuluzikulu chifukwa cha kuchokocha anthu pakampani. Komanso, kumakhala kovuta kwa munthu amene ntchito yomwe amapezera ndalama nthaŵi zonse yatha mwadzidzidzi kuti alipire ngongole, chithandizo chamankhwala cha anthu a m’banja lake, sukulu ya ana ake, komanso kupitiriza kuchita zimene amakonda, ndiponso kugula katundu. Izi zimachititsa munthu kutaya mtima ndiponso kudziona ngati wopanda pake.

Popeza kuti ntchito yopindulitsa ndiponso yokhazikika imachititsa munthu kudzimva kuti n’ngwolemekezeka, taganizani kupweteka kwake kwa ulova wa anthu olumala, opanda luso, kapena okalamba. Kufufuza kwina ku Australia kunasonyeza kuti anthu a zaka zapakati pa 45 ndi 59 ndiwo kwenikweni anali pangozi yochotsedwa ntchito. Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu a zaka zoterezi ndiwo amavutika kwambiri kuti asinthe kuyamba moyo watsopano.

Kodi pali thandizo lililonse kwa anthu otereŵa? Mosakayika ganyu kapena ntchito ina yamalipiro ochepa ndizo amayamba kuchita kuti asangokhala paulova. Komabe, zimenezo zingachititse munthu kukhala ndi moyo wovutikirapo. Ndiponso, akuti apeza kuti anthu ochotsedwa ntchito okwana gawo  limodzi lokha mwa magawo atatu ndiwo m’kupita kwanthaŵi amapezanso ntchito ina yamalipiro ofanana ndi yoyamba ija. Izi zimawonjezera kuvutika maganizo m’moyo wabanja.

Ngakhale ngati atapeza ntchito yatsopanoyo si kuti ntchitoyo ingawonjezere mtendere wamumtima. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti kuyembekezera kuti ntchitoyo idzatha m’tsogolo kumakhala kovuta ndiponso kopweteka kwabasi. Buku lakuti Parting Company limati: “Kuganizira za kutha kwa ntchito kuli ngati kusankha njira yabwino yodzagundidwira ndi galimoto yaikulu. Nthaŵi zambiri munthu suganizako n’komwe chifukwa galimotoyo sumaiona, (kapena sudziŵa kuti uchotsedwa) umangozindikira itakugunda.”

Kodi ulova umakhudza motani achinyamata? Dipatimenti yamaphunziro ndi sayansi itafufuza inapeza kuti: “Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu zoonetsa kuti munthu wakula chinali kupeza ntchito yeniyeni, yomwe inkasonyeza chiyambi cha moyo “weniweni” wa anthu aakulu, wopezeka pakati pa anthu aakulu ndiponso wogwirizana ndi makhalidwe a anthu aakulu, poteronso munthuyo ankakhala wodzidalira pachuma.” Ndiyeno ngati anthu amaganiza kuti kulembedwa ntchito ndiko kumasonyeza chiyambi cha moyo wauchikulire weniweni, ndiye kuti ulova uyenera kukhala wopweteka kwambiri kwa achinyamata.

Kuthana ndi Ulova

Kulimbana ndi vuto la kutha kwa ntchito kwafanizidwa ndi kudutsa m’dera lamabomba okwirira. Buku lakuti Parting Company limatchula zinthu zimene nthaŵi zambiri anthu otereŵa amasautsidwa nazo mumtima monga mkwiyo, manyazi, mantha, kupsa mtima, ndiponso kudzimvera chisoni. Kuthana ndi zinthu zimenezi n’kovuta. Wolemba bukuli ananena kuti: “Umapatsidwa ntchito yovuta, yosankha tsogolo lako. Ntchitoyi sumachita kufunsira, mwinanso sumadziŵa kuti uichita bwanji, ndipo mosayembekezereka ungaganize kuti palibe amene angakuthandize.” Komanso, kufotokozera mabanja awo za kuchotsedwa kwawo ntchito kwadzidzidzi lili vuto lina lalikulu lomwe limasautsa anthu omwe saali pantchito.

Komabe, pali njira zina zothandiza pothana ndi vuto la kuchokochedwa pantchito. Njira yoyamba ndiyo kusintha moyo wanu msanga mwa kukonzekera ndiponso kukhala ndi moyo wosafuna zinthu zapamwamba mofanana ndi umene munali mutazoloŵera m’mbuyomu.

Nawa malangizo ena amene angakuthandizeni kulimbana ndi vutoli ngakhale kuti sangalithetseretu. Choyamba, dziŵani kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito mwadzidzidzi ndiwo moyo wamasiku ano. Choncho, mosaganizira za zaka zanu kapena ukatswiri wanu pantchito, konzekereranitu m’moyo wanu.

Chachiŵiri, samalani pankhani yotenga ngongole yaikulu pa zinthu zosafunika kwenikweni zomwe sizikukhudzana ndi zakudya ndiponso zofunda. Chitani zinthu mogwirizana ndi ndalama zomwe m’mapeza ndipo musaganize kuti mungathe kudzabweza ngongole ndi ndalama zomwe mukuyembekeza kulandira mukakwezedwa pantchito kapena akawonjezera malipiro anu. Mfundo yaikulu yazachuma masiku ano n’njakuti palibe tsogolo lokhalitsa loti n’kulidalira.

Chachitatu, funani njira zochititsa kuti musamafune zinthu zambiri m’moyo wanu ndiponso zochepetsera zinthu zomwe zimakudyerani ndalama. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusiya kutenga ngongole ya zinthu zosafunika pamoyo wabwino wosafuna zinthu zapamwamba.

Chachinayi, pendaninso zolinga za m’moyo wanu wonse, zauzimu ndiponso zakuthupi, ndipo zikonzeni mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mikhalidwe yanu. Mukatero mutha kupenda zonse zomwe mwasankha kuchita ngati zikugwirizana ndi zolinga zanuzo ndipo ganizirani mmene zimene mwasankhazo zidzakukhudzireni.

Chomaliza, musalakelake moyo wa anthu ena akwanuko amene saumira ndalama poopera kuti mudzayamba kukhumbira zinthu zomwe ali nazo ndipo mudzakopeka kutsatira moyo wawo.

Aŵa ndi malangizo ochepa chabe amene angakuthandizeni kuti inu ndi banja lanu mupeŵe msampha wa kudalira chuma chosadziŵika bwino m’dziko losadalirikali komanso kuti musakhale ndi nkhaŵa zochuluka zobwera ndi moyo wapamwamba wosakhalitsawu.

Felix Rohatyn yemwe kale anali mwini wa banki ina ananena kuti: “Kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa munthu wina kukalemeretsa winawake ndiye kuti pali chinachake chachikulu cholakwika kwa anthufe.” Chinthu chachikulu cholakwika kwambiricho ndicho dongosolo lino lomwe posachedwapa lidzaloŵedwa m’malo ndi dziko limene mawu akuti “ntchito yokhalitsa” adzakhale ndi tanthauzo loposa mmene tingaganizire panopa.—Yesaya 65:17-24; 2 Petro 3:13.

[Mawu a M’munsi]