Kuwadziŵa bwino Matenda a Nyamakazi

“USIKU, NDIMAYANG’ANA MAPAZI NDI MANJA ANGA OPUNDUKA NDIPO NDIMALIRA,” ANATERO MIDORI, WA KU JAPAN.

MATENDA a nyamakazi avutitsa anthu kwa zaka zochuluka kwambiri. Mitembo youmikidwa ya Aigupto akale imasonyeza umboni wakuti matendaŵa akhalapo kwa zaka zambiri. Palinso umboni wakuti woyendera malo wina wotchedwa Christopher Columbus anadwalako matendaŵa. Ndipo masiku ano anthu ochuluka kwambiri akuvutika nawo matendaŵa. Kodi matenda opundulaŵa ndi otani makamaka?

Dzina la Chingelezi la nyamakazi linachokera ku  mawu a Chigiriki otanthauza kuti “ululu wa mfundo za mafupa” ndipo limaimira matenda oposa 100. * Matendaŵa sagwira mfundo za mafupa zokha, amathanso kugwira minofu, mafupa, minyewa ina ndi ina ndiponso imene imagwira mfundo za mafupa pamodzi. Matenda ena a nyamakazi angathe kuwononga khungu lanu, ziwalo zina za m’kati mwathupi lanu ndiponso ngakhale maso anu. Tiyeni tionepo matenda aŵiri a nyamakazi omwe anthu ambiri amadwala. Matendaŵa ndi nyamakazi yochokera m’madzi a mfundo za mafupa ndiponso nyamakazi imene imadya mafupa pamfundo.

Mmene Mfundo ya Mafupa Imakhalira

Mfundo ya mafupa ndi malo amene mafupa aŵiri amakumana. Mfundo zina zimakutidwa ndi mnyewa winawake wolimba wangati fupa losakhwima umene umateteza ndiponso kugwira mfundoyo kuti ikhazikike. (Onani chithunzi patsamba 4.) Tikadula mnyewa umenewu timapeza mnyewa wina umene umatulutsa madzi onanda. Mnyewa wina wangati lasitiki umakuta kumapeto kwa mafupa aŵiriwo amene ali m’kati mwa mnyewa wangati fupa losakhwima uja. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mafupa anu asamakwechesane n’kuyamba kudyekadyeka. Mnyewa wangati lasitiki umenewu umatchinjirizanso kuti mafupa asamagundane ndiponso kuti azigwira ntchito mofanana.

Mwachitsanzo, mukamayenda, kuthamanga, kapena kudumpha, chiuno chanu ndiponso maondo anu amalemedwa ngati kuti anyamula thupi lanu lonselo kanayi kapenanso kasanu n’katatu! N’zoona kuti minofu ndi minyewa ina yozungulira malo ameneŵa ndi imene imalimbana ndi kulemera kumeneku, koma mnyewa wangati lasitikiwu ndi umene umathandiza mafupa anu kuti akwanitse kunyamula thunthu lonselo chifukwa umatha kubwerera ngakhale utakanikizidwira pansi monga chimachitira chinthu champhira.

Nyamakazi Yochokera M’madzi a Mfundo za Mafupa

Munthu akadwala nyamakazi imeneyi chimachitika n’chakuti mphamvu yoteteza matenda m’thupi imayamba kulimbana ndi mfundo za mafupa. Pachifukwa chosadziŵika bwino, mphamvu zambiri zam’magazi kuphatikizapo mphamvu zimene zimathandiza kwambiri kuti thupi lidziteteze kumatenda, zimaloŵerera m’mphako za m’mafupa a pa mfundo. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti madzi ena am’thupi awonongeke ndipo zikatero pa mfundopo pamatupa. Zinthu zimasokonekera motero mnyewa wotulutsa madzi onanda uja umayamba kufufuma kwambiri n’kupanga chotupa. Chotupachi chimachititsa kuti mnyewa wangati lasitiki uja uwonongeke. Zikatere mafupa amagundana, choncho munthuyo amavutika kuti awongole mfundoyo komanso amamva kuwawa kosaneneka. Vuto limeneli limafooketsanso minyewa imene imagwirizanitsa mafupa pamodzi, minyewa imene imamatiza minofu ku fupa ndiponso minofu ina, motero mfundo ya fupayo imakhala ya wedewede. Zikatere mfundoyo imachoka m’malo pang’ono, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri mfundoyo imaoneka mopuwala. Nthaŵi zambiri nyamakazi imeneyi, imagwira mafupa a mfundo za mbali imodzi ya thupi, kuyambira za pa mkono, pa bondo, ndi za kumapazi. Pafupifupi theka la anthu odwala nyamakazi imeneyi amakhalanso ndi zotupa m’kati mwa khungu lawo. Ena amadwalanso matenda ochepa magazi ndiponso amamva kuwawa m’maso ndi kukhosi kwawo. Munthu akadwala nyamakazi imeneyi amakhalanso wolefuka ndipo m’thupi mwake amangomva ngati akudwala malungo.

Nyamakazi imeneyi imadwalitsa anthu m’njira zosiyanasiyana, imawayamba mosiyana ndiponso amakhala nayo kwa nthaŵi yosiyana. Anthu ena samva ululu kwenikweni kapena kukanika kupinda ndi kuwongola mfundoyo mpaka patatha milungu ingapo mwinanso zaka zingapo. Ena zimenezi zimayamba kuwachitikira kamodzi n’kamodzi. Anthu ena nyamakazi imeneyi imangowagwira kwa miyezi yochepa basi ndipo kenaka amachira asanakhale ndi vuto looneka kwenikweni. Anthu ena amamva ululu kwambiri, koma kenaka ululuwo umayamba kuzizira pang’onopang’ono ndipo amapezako bwino. Anthu ena,  matendaŵa amawatengetsa kwa zaka zambiri osawapumitsako ngakhale pang’ono.

Kodi nyamakazi imeneyi imakonda kugwira anthu ati? Der Michael Schiff anati: “Matendaŵa amakonda kugwira amayi achikulirepo ndithu.” Komabe Schiff anapitiriza kunena kuti, “Angathenso kugwira munthu aliyense wamsinkhu wina uliwonse, ngakhale ana, kapenanso amuna.” Anthu amene ali ndi achibale odwala matendaŵa ndiwo makamaka angathe kudwalanso mosavuta. Ofufuza ambiri amati ngati munthu amasuta fodya, ngati ali wonenepa, ndiponso ngati analandirako magazi a munthu wina ndiye kuti angathenso kudwala matendaŵa mosavuta.

Nyamakazi Imene Imadya Mafupa pa Mfundo

Magazini yotchedwa Western Journal of Medicine inati ‘nyamakazi imeneyi n’njofanana kwambiri ndi nyengo chifukwa imapezeka kulikonse, nthaŵi zambiri siidziŵika ndipo nthaŵi zina imawononga kwambiri.’ Nyamakazi imeneyi n’njosiyana ndi nyamakazi yochokera m’madzi a mfundo za mafupa chifukwa nthaŵi zambiri siimafalikira mbali zina za thupi koma imawononga kwambiri mfundo imodzi kapena mfundo zingapo za mafupa. Mnyewa wangati lasitiki ukayamba kudyeka pang’onopang’ono mafupa amayamba kukwechesana. Zikatere mafupawo amayamba kutuluka zinthu zotundumuka. Nthaŵi zina thupi la m’mphepete mwa fupalo limachita zithupsa ndipo fupalo limayamba kuchindikala n’kupindika. Zizindikiro zina ndi monga zotupa zotuluka mu mfundo za zala za dzanja, mafupa amamveka kuti akukhudzana, ndiponso minofu imakokana n’kumawawa, imalimba, komanso wodwalayo amalephera kuyenda.

M’mbuyomo, anthu ankaganiza kuti nyamakazi imeneyi imayamba chifukwa cha ukalamba. Komabe, akatswiri a matendaŵa sakukhulupiriranso zimenezi. Magazini yotchedwa American Journal of Medicine inanena kuti: “Palibe umboni uliwonse wakuti mfundo ya fupa yabwinobwino, yomwe siigwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyezo, ingathe kuwonongeka munthu adakali moyo.” Nanga n’chiyani makamaka chimene chimayambitsa nyamakazi imeneyi? Magazini ya ku Britain yotchedwa The Lancet inanena kuti anthu akamayesa kupeza chifukwa chenicheni chimene chimayambitsa matendaŵa amakhala ndi “vuto la kusagwirizana chimodzi.” Ofufuza ena amanena kuti chimene chimayamba kuchitika n’kuwonongeka kwa fupa, monga kusweka pang’ono. Ndiye zimenezi zimachititsa kuti pa fupalo payambe kutuluka zinthu ndiponso kuti mnyewa wangati lasitiki uja uyambe kutha. Ena amaganiza kuti nyamakazi imeneyi imayambira m’kati mwa mnyewa wangati lasitikiwu. Iwo amati mnyewawu umayamba kutha n’kumafulufutika, motero fupalo limayamba kukwecheseka. Nthendayi imayamba thupi likamayesa kukonza mnyewa wowonongekawu.

Kodi ndani amene angadwale nyamakazi yogwira mafupa? N’zoona kuti pakokha kukalamba sikuyambitsa nyamakaziyi, koma nthaŵi zambiri mnyewa wangati lasitiki umene umakhala pa mfundo za mafupa umatha munthu akamakula. Enanso amene angathe kudwala matendaŵa mosavuta ndi amene mfundo za mafupa awo n’zosakumanizana bwinobwino kapena amene ali ndi akatumba kapena ntchafu zosalimba, amene ali ndi mwendo wina waufupi, kapena amene mafupa a msana wawo ali osalinganizika bwino. Chinanso chimene chingayambitse nyamakazi imeneyi ndicho kuvulala pa mfundo ya mafupa chifukwa cha ngozi kapena chifukwa chogwira ntchito imene munthu amagwiritsa ntchito mfundoyo mobwerezabwereza. Matendaŵa akayamba, kunenepa kwambiri kungawonjezerenso vutoli.

Dr. Tim Spector ananena kuti: “Nyamakazi imeneyi ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri amene angagwire munthu chifukwa cha zinthu zimene zimam’chitikira komanso n’zotheka ndithu kuti munthu angatengere matendaŵa kumtundu.” Anthu amene kwenikweni angadwale matendaŵa mosavuta ndi akazi achikulirepo ndiponso okalamba amene kumtundu kwawo  wina anadwalapo matendaŵa. Nyamakazi imeneyi ikamayamba mafupa amalemera motero ndi yosiyana ndi matenda ena otere amene akamayamba mafupa amapepuka. Ofufuza ena amanenanso kuti matendaŵa angayambe mafupa akawonongeka chifukwa cha mpweya woipa wa m’thupi ndiponso kuchepa kwa mavitamini C ndi D m’thupi.

Kuchiritsa Matenda a Nyamakazi

Njira zina zochiritsira nyamakazi ndizo kumwa mankhwala, kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi ndiponso kusintha zochita zina m’moyo. Dokotala angayambe kum’thandiza wodwala pom’chititsa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Mwina angamuuze kuti azichita zinthu zosiyanasiyana zothamangitsa magazi, kulimbitsa thupi, kapena kunyamula zinthu zolemera. Akuti zimenezi zimathandiza kuchepetsa mavuto ambiri obwera ndi matendaŵa monga ululu wa pa mfundo za mafupa ndiponso kutupa, kutopa, kufooka, ndiponso kuvutika maganizo. Ngakhale anthu okalamba kwambiri amapindula akamachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kungathandizenso kuti mafupa asayambe kupepuka kwambiri. Anthu ena amanena kuti ululu umachepa pothowa nyamakaziyo ndi madzi otentha kapena ozizira kapenanso pobayapo ndi timasingano tothandiza kuchepetsa ululu. *

Chifukwa chakuti munthu ukawonda sungamve kwambiri ululu wa mfundo za mafupa, kusala zakudya zonenepetsa kungathandize kwambiri ngati mukudwala matendaŵa. Enanso amati kudya zakudya zoteteza kumatenda monga ndiwo zamasamba aawisi, zipatso, ndi nsomba zina zamafuta abwino ndiponso zakudya zina zimene zilibe mafuta oipa kungathandize kuti wodwalayo awondeko komanso kuti asamamve ululu kwambiri. Kodi kungatero motani? Ena amanena kuti kudya motere kumachepetsa kutupa. Enanso amanena kuti kusadya nyama, zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera ku mkaka, tirigu, ndiponso zakudya zina monga tomato, mbatata, tsabola ndiponso mabiringanya kunawathandiza.

Nthaŵi zina amati ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni inayake younika pamene pali nyamakaziyo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi dokotala wa opaleshoni  amaloŵetsa chida chinachake pa mfundo ya mafupa, kuti athe kuchotsa mbali ina ya mnyewa wotulutsa madzi onanda imene yayamba kutulutsa madzi owononga. Komabe njira imeneyi si yothandiza kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti nthaŵi zambiri pa mfundopo pamatupanso. Opaleshoni inanso yaikulu kwambiri ndiyo yochotsa mfundo yonseyo (nthaŵi zambiri imakhala ya chiuno kapena bondo) n’kuikapo yochita kupanga anthu. Opaleshoni imeneyi imathandiza kwa zaka 10 mpaka 15 ndipo nthaŵi zambiri imathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa ululu.

Posachedwapa, madokotala akhala akuyesa njira zina zimene sizilira opaleshoni, monga njira zobayapo jekeseni ya mankhwala pa mfundo ya mafupa penipenipo. Nthaŵi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zimenezi pa bondo. Ofufuza ena a ku Ulaya apeza kuti kubayapo jekeseni ya mankhwala enaake othandiza kuti mnyewa wangati lasitiki ubwerere mwakale, kumathandizanso kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala enieni amene anapezeka ochiritsa matenda a nyamakazi, pali mankhwala ambiri amene amachepetsa ululu ndiponso kutupa, ndipo ena akuonetsa kuti angathe kulepheretsa matendaŵa kuti apitirire kukula. Ena mwa iwo ndiwo mankhwala opha ululu, komanso mankhwala ena ochulukitsa mphamvu zina zam’thupi. Komabe wodwalayo akachira angakhalenso ndi zilema zina chifukwa mankhwala onseŵa angathe kubweretsanso mavuto ena aakulu. Dokotala ndiponso wodwalayo ayenera kuona mosamala zinthu zimene zingakhale zabwino kapenanso zoipa zake za mankhwalawo.

Kodi anthu ena amene avutikapo ndi matenda a nyamakazi alimbana nawo bwanji matenda opwetekaŵa?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 6]

NGATI MUNTHU ALI WONENEPA KWAMBIRI, NGATI AMASUTA, NDIPONSO NGATI ANALANDIRAPO MAGAZI A MUNTHU WINA NDIYE KUTI ANGATHE KUDWALA MOSAVUTA NYAMAKAZI YOCHOKERA M’MADZI A MFUNDO ZA MAFUPA

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 8]

KUYESA MANKHWALA ENA

Pali mankhwala ena amene akuti n’ngabwinoko ndipo sabweretsa mavuto ena ambiri monga amachitira mankhwala ena onse achizungu. Ofufuza ena akuti ena mwa mankhwalaŵa amatha kuletsa kutupa ndiponso kuchepetsa ululu pa mfundo ya mafupa. Kodi amachita bwanji zimenezi? Amatero pochepetsa mphamvu zina zam’thupi zimene zikasokonezeka zimachititsa kutupa. Palinso zakudya zina zingapo zopatsa thanzi zimene akuti zimatha kuletsa mphamvu zowononga zimenezi. Zinthuzi ndi monga zakudya zokhala ndi mavitamini E ndiponso C, zakudya zina zokhala ndi vitamini B, mafuta ansomba zinazake, ndiponso mafuta azitsamba zinazake. Kwa zaka zambiri anthu a ku China akhalanso akugwiritsa ntchito mtengo winawake wazitsamba wangati mtengo wamphesa. Ena amati mtengowu umathandiza ndithu kuchepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha nyamakazi imeneyi.

 [Chithunzi pamasamba 4, 5]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

MFUNDO YA MAFUPA YOPANDA MATENDA

KAMPHAKO

MNOFU

MNYEWA WANGATI LASITIKI

MNYEWA WOMAMATIZA MINOFU

MNYEWA WANGATI FUPA LOSAKHWIMA

MNYEWA WOTULUTSA MADZI ONANDA

MADZI ONANDA A PA MFUNDO YA FUPA

FUPA

MFUNDO YA MAFUPA YOKHALA NDI NYAMAKAZI YOCHOKERA M’MADZI AKE

KUYANDIKANA KWA MAFUPA

KUWONONGEKA KWA MAFUPA NDIPONSO MNYEWA WANGATI LASITIKI

MNYEWA WOTUPA UMENE UMATULUTSA MADZI ONANDA

MFUNDO YA MAFUPA YOGWIDWA NDI NYAMAKAZI IMENE IMADYA MAFUPA PA MFUNDO

MBALI ZINA ZA MNYEWA WANGATI LASITIKI ZIMENE ZADYEKA

KUWONONGEKA KWA MNYEWA WANGATI LASITIKI

KUNSONGA KWA FUPA

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Source: Arthritis Foundation

[Zithunzi patsamba 7]

Matenda a nyamakazi angagwire anthu a zaka zilizonse

[Zithunzi patsamba 8]

Kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi ndiponso kudya zakudya zoyenera kungathandizeko ndithu