Mbiri ya Mawotchi a Pamkono

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU BRITAIN

KODI mukudziwa kuti panopa nthawi ili bwanji? Kungoyang’ana wotchi yomwe ili pamkono panu mungathe kudziwa. Koma kodi wotchi yanu ikulondola? Tikhoza kuona ngati mawotchi si ofunika kwenikweni, koma ndi ovuta kwambiri kuwapanga mwina kuposa momwe tikuganizira.

Ngakhale kuti nthawi sitingathe kuigwira ndi manja ndiponso imatha msanga, anthu kuyambira kalekale akhala akufuna kuigawagawa. Kusintha kwa nyengo, kuyenda kwa mwezi, kusintha kwa usana ndi usiku, zonsezi zimagawa nthawi mwachilengedwe. Koma kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala akufuna kugawa nthawi m’timagawo ting’onoting’ono ndiponso molondola kwambiri.

Mmene Mawotchi Amagwirira Ntchito

Sayansi yopanga makina osonyeza nthawi ndi imodzi mwa masayansi akale kwambiri. Pakatikati pa makina amenewa pamakhala kachitsulo kamene kamagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati imene mtima wa munthu umagwira. Kachitsuloka kamachititsa makinawo kutulutsa mphamvu yake pang’onopang’ono. Mphamvu imeneyi akailola kuti izituluka pang’onopang’ono ndiponso pakadutsa nthawi yotalikirana mofanana, zimatheka kugawa nthawi. Palibe amene akudziwa kuti wotchi yoyamba yodyetsera inapangidwa liti. Koma m’chaka cha 1500 sayansi imeneyi inapita patsogolo pamene anayamba kupanga mawotchi otheka kuwanyamula.

Mawotchi a pamkono, omwe ali ofala masiku ano, anayamba kupangidwa chaposachedwapa. Anafala makamaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, ndipo ankawakonda kwambiri ndi azimayi. Pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, asilikali anatulukira kuti zinali zosavuta kuona nthawi wotchi ikakhala pamkono kusiyana ndi m’thumba. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu ambiri anayamba kukonda mawotchi a pamkono.

Masiku ano mawotchi ambiri m’kati mwake mumakhala timiyala ta nsangalabwi ndipo amayendera mabatire. Kamwala ka nsangalabwi akakasema mwapadera n’kukalumikiza ndi mawaya oyenerera opita ku batire, kamanjenjemera kupita uku ndi uku pakadutsa nthawi yofanana. Kakamapita uku ndi uku kamakhala ngati mmene amachitira katungwe amene akufulumira kwambiri.

N’zovuta kwambiri kukonza mawotchi odyetsera ndiponso a batire oti azisunga nthawi molondola. Choncho kaya mukhale ndi wotchi ya mtundu wanji, izitayabe nthawi pang’ono. Koma masiku ano kuli mawotchi a batire amene amadzikokera okha nthawi ndi nthawi potengera nthawi ya mawotchi otsatira kunjenjemera kwa maatomu. * Otsatsa malonda amati mawotchi oyendera maatomu oterowo amakhala olondola kwambiri moti amataya sekondi imodzi yokha pa zaka wani miliyoni.

Anthu Ena Amakondabe Mawotchi Odyetsera

Mawotchi a batire amasunga nthawi kwambiri kusiyana ndi odyetsera, ndiponso luso lopangira tizitsulo timene mawotchi odyetsera amakhala nato linatulukiridwa zaka zoposa 200 zapitazo. Choncho, mwina mungaganize kuti mawotchi odyetsera ndi achikale tsopano. Komabe, mawotchi odyetsera amasangalatsabe anthu ambiri. Chaka chilichonse amapanga mawotchi oterewa ambirimbiri. Ndipo mtengo wa mawotchi odyetsera opangidwa ku Switzerland amene amakagulitsidwa kunja wakwera ngakhale kuposa wa mawotchi a batire m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Tsopano akupanga zitsulo zatsopano zosakhulana kwambiri zimene mawotchi odyetsera akukhala nazo, ndipo anthu amafunafunabe akatswiri odziwa kukonza mawotchi kuti awakonzere mawotchi awo odyetsera akawonongeka.

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anthu amakonda mawotchi odyetsera? Michael, katswiri amene wakhala akupanga mawotchi kwa zaka zopitirira 30 akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa chimodzi chomwe anthu  amawakondera n’choti amakhalitsa. Iye anati ngakhale kuti wotchi ya batire ikhoza kugwira bwino ntchito kwa zaka pafupifupi 15, wotchi yodyetsera yopangidwa bwino ikhoza kumagwira nthawi bwinobwino kwa zaka zopitirira 100. Wotchi yoteroyo, imene mwina makolo amasiyira ana awo, anthu amaikonda kwambiri chifukwa imawakumbutsa kholo lawolo.

Ena amakonda mawotchi odyetsera chifukwa cha luso limene limakhalapo kuti azitha kuonetsa nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito tizitsulo ndi masipuling’i ang’onoang’ono. Chinanso, tizitsulo timeneti munthu akhoza kutipanga pamanja. Choncho, munthu wokonza mawotchi waluso akhoza kumvetsa momwe anatipangira n’kutha kukonza wotchiyo ikawonongeka.

Mosiyana ndi makina ena, mawotchi amafunika kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa zaka zambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, mawotchi a pamkono amafunika kugwira ntchito kunja kukutentha kapena kuzizira mosiyanasiyana ndiponso dzanja la munthuyo litaloza kosiyanasiyana, ngakhale akamatembenuka msangamsanga. Mawotchiwa amafunikanso kuti asamataye nthawi. Wotchi imene imataya masekondi osapitirira 20 patsiku ndiye kuti ndi yolondola kwambiri ngati momwe zida zasayansi zokonzedwa bwino kwambiri zimayenera kukhalira. Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri amayamikira luso, nzeru, ndi ukatswiri umene umafunika kuti wotchi yodyetsera ipangidwe.

Koma palinso zinthu zina zimene zimachititsa anthu kukonda mawotchi odyetsera. Michael, amene tinamutchula kale uja, anafotokoza kuti anthu ena safuna kuti azivutika ndi kugula mabatire atsopano akalewo akatha. Choncho, kodi n’chiyani chingakuthandizeni kudziwa kuti kodi mugule wotchi ya mtundu wanji?

 Kodi Musankhe Iti?

Mosakayikira chachikulu chomwe mukufuna n’choti wotchiyo muziikonda. Anthu ambiri amafuna wotchi yoti izigwira bwino ntchito komanso yooneka bwino. Kuwonjezera apo, Michael anati ndi bwino kuti muganizire kuti kodi wotchiyo mukufuna kuti muzidzaigwiritsa ntchito bwanji. Kodi muzidzaivala nthawi zonse kapena pazochitika zapadera zokhazokha? Kodi izidzagundidwagundidwa kapena izidzakhala pamalo ozizira kapena otentha kwambiri? Mwachitsanzo, wotchi ikamakhudzidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi mankhwala kapena madzi a mchere a m’nyanja malamba ndi kunja kwake zikhoza kuwonongeka. Choncho m’pofunika kuganizira zinthu zimenezi musanagule wotchiyo.

Pankhani ya mtengo wake, ndi bwino kudziwa ndalama zimene mukufuna kuwononga n’kutsatira zomwezo. Nthawi zambiri mawotchi odyetsera amakhala okwera mtengo kusiyana ndi a batire. Koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti mawotchi ambiri m’kati mwake amakhala ndi tizitsulo tofanana. Kawirikawiri tizitsulo ta m’kati mwa mawotchi a mitundu yonse iwiri timakhala tokonzedwa bwino ndipo timagwira bwino ntchito. Nthawi zambiri mitengo imasiyana chifukwa cha mbali zina za wotchiyo, monga kunja kwake ndi lamba wake. Choncho wotchi ikakhala yokwera mtengo nthawi zonse sizitanthauza kuti wotchiyo ndi yosunga nthawi kwambiri kapena yodalirika kwambiri.—Onani bokosi pamwambapa.

Mukakhala ndi wotchi pamkono panu, n’zosavuta kuona msangamsanga kuti nthawi ili bwanji. Kudziwa mbiri ya mawotchi kungakuthandizeni kuwayamikira mawotchiwa, chifukwa ndi ofunika kwambiri.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 18]

KODI YABWINO NDI ITI KWA INU?

MTUNDU: Mawotchi ena amatha kuwerengetsera nthawi m’magawo ang’onoang’ono, ndipo amakhala bwino ngati mukufuna kudziwa kutalika kwa nthawi ya zochitika zinazake. Ngati mukufuna kuchita masewera, wotchi yomwe siwonongeka ngakhale italowa madzi ndi yabwino. Ngati zimakuvutani kukumbukira kudyetsera wotchi, kumbukirani kuti wotchi ya batire sifunika kudyetsera. Ndiponso mawotchi otha kudzidyetsera okha, amene amadzidyetsera dzanja la munthuyo likamasuntha, safuna kuwadyetsera.

KUSATAYA NTHAWI: Ngati mumafuna wotchi yosataya nthawi ngakhale pang’ono, mwina mungagule wotchi yapadera yomwe imatsatira nthawi zolondola kwambiri zokhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri a nthawi. Mawotchi a batire ndi amene amasunga nthawi bwino kwambiri. Wotchi yodyetsera yamakono yomwe kamuvi kake kamasuntha nthawi 28,800 pa ola ndiye kuti tizitsulo tam’kati mwake timasuntha kanayi pa sekondi. Koma wotchi wamba ya batire tizitsulo ta m’kati mwake timasuntha pakati pa nthawi 10,000 ndi 100,000 pa sekondi!

KASONYEZEDWE KA NTHAWI: Mawotchi ena amagwiritsa ntchito manambala posonyeza nthawi, pamene ena amagwiritsa ntchito mivi. Mawotchi ogwiritsa ntchito manambala angakusonyezeninso deti, nthawi yomwe mwaitchera kuti ilile, nthawi ya kumbali zina za dziko lapansi, ndi nthawi yosonyeza kutalika kwa zochitika zinazake. Mawotchi a mivi amasonyeza nthawi mosavuta, chifukwa mumangofunika kuona momwe mivi iwiriyo ikuonekera kuti mudziwe kuti nthawi ili bwanji.

KUKONZETSA: Popeza wotchi yodyetsera imayendetsedwa ndi sipuling’i yamphamvu kwambiri, siimaima chifukwa cha dothi kapena fumbi ngati momwe imachitira wotchi ya batire. Ngakhale zili choncho, mawotchi odyetsera amafunika kuwakonza pafupipafupi kuti aziyenda bwino kusiyana ndi a batire. Popeza mawotchi a batire a manambala sakhala ndi zitsulo zilizonse zoyenda m’kati mwake, safunika kuwakonza n’komwe, kupatulapo kuikamo batire latsopano lakale likatha.

[Tchati/Zithunzi patsamba 17]

MAWOTCHI ENA OTCHUKA

▪ 1810-12

Wotchi yoyamba kudziwika, Abraham-Louis Breguet

▪ 1945

Pawotchipo pakusonyezanso deti, Rolex

▪ 1957

Wotchi ya pamkono yokhala ndi kainjini koyendera batire, Hamilton Watch Company

▪ 1960

Wotchiyi imagwiritsa ntchito batire kuti ithe kusonyeza nthawi, Bulova

▪ 1972

Wotchi ya pamkono yoyendera batire yoonetsa nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito manambala, Hamilton Watch Company

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Second and fourth photos: Courtesy of Hamilton Watches

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 17]

OMEGA