N’chifukwa Chiyani Chimatchedwa Chilumba Chachikulu?

YOLEMBEDWA KU HAWAII

KODI ndi chithunzi chotani chimene chimabwera m’maganizo mwa anthu akamva mawu akuti zilumba za ku Hawaii? Mwina amaganiza za magombe a mchenga woyera, madzi oyera mbee, mphepo ikuwomba mitengo ya mgwalangwa, ndiponso mwina amaganizira za anthu atakhala pa khonde usiku kunja kukutenthera bwino, atayatsa nyali za zikoloboyi, zomwe zimakongoletsa malowo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, angaganizirenso za phwando limene pamakhalanso zakudya monga zinanazi, nsomba zosiyanasiyana, komanso nyama ya nkhumba. Zikafika pamenepa ambiri amaona kuti basi, awafikapo.

Komatu pa zilumbazi pali zinthu zinanso zochititsa chidwi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chilumba cha Hawaii chimatchedwa kuti chilumba chachikulu chifukwa choti zilumba zonse zikuluzikulu zozungulira chilumbachi, monga Oahu, Maui, ndi Kauai, zingathe kulowa bwinobwino m’chilumbachi. Chilumba chochititsa chidwichi n’chachikulu makilomita 10,432 ndipo chidakakulabe. Koma zimenezi tizifotokozabe nthawi ina.

Kumene Chimapezeka Ndiponso Nyengo Yake

Pachilumbachi si potentha ndiponso si pozizira kwambiri chifukwa choti chili kum’mwera kwenikweni kwa dziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri kumadera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja, masana kumatentha madigiri seshasi 30 m’nyengo ya chilimwe (May mpaka October) kapena mpaka madigiri seshasi 20 m’nyengo yozizira (November mpaka April) ndipo usiku kumatentha madigiri seshasi 15 kapena mpaka 18. Kawirikawiri, m’dera lotchedwa Kona, mumakhala dzuwa chifukwa simuwomba mphepo yambiri, koma m’dera la Hilo mumagwa mvula yambiri chifukwa mumawomba mphepo kwabasi.

Kumeneku kumakhala zipatso ndiponso ndiwo zambiri zakudimba chifukwa choti n’kotentha ndipo nthaka yake ndi yachonde. Kuli zipatso zokoma kwambiri monga mango, mapapaya ndi zipatso zina. Kulinso maluwa okongola osiyanasiyana ndi mitengo ya mtedza wa makademiya ndi ya khofi. Khofi wa m’dera la Kona amakondedwa m’mayiko ambiri. Anthu ochita malonda a khofi amakhamukira kumeneku pa msonkhano wa pachaka wa za khofi (Kona Coffee Festival) kuti akalawe ndiponso kugula khofiyo.

Madera a pachilumba chachikuluchi ali ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Mbali zina kumagwa mvula chaka chonse moti kuli nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, kwina kumangokhala dzuwa moti kuli chipululu, ndipo kwina kumazizira kwambiri. Nkhalango zowirirazo zili cha kum’mawa. Kumeneku kumapezeka mbalame zochokera m’madera osiyanasiyana ndipo kulinso maluwa osiyanasiyana okongola. Pachaka m’dera la Kona-Kohala, mumagwa mvula yomwe imalowa pansi masentimita 25, pamene m’dera la Hilo mumagwa mvula imene imalowa pansi masentimita 250.

 Phiri Lophulika Koma Lopindulitsa

Pachilumbachi pali mapiri asanu amene amaphulika. Mapiri ake ndi Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, Kilauea, Kohala, ndi Hualalai. Dzina lakuti Kilauea, limatanthauza kuti “Kuphulika kwambiri.” Mu 1979, phirili linaphulika mochititsa mantha kwabasi. Kuyambira mu 1983, chiphalaphala chotentha chakhala chikutuluka m’phirili. Chawononga matawuni atatu am’mphepete mwa nyanja koma chathandizanso kuti chilumbachi chikule.

Chiphalachi chikafika m’nyanja pamamveka chiphokoso chachikulu ndipo nthunzi komanso utsi umangoti toloo, n’kupanga mitambo ndiponso magombe a mchenga wakuda. Nthawi zambiri n’zotheka kuima pafupi ndi phiri la Kilauea popanda vuto lililonse.

Phiri la Mauna Kea, lomwe lakhala nthawi yaitali ndithu osaphulika, ndi lalitali mamita 4,205, kutanthauza kuti ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri pachilumba chonsecho, ndipo limangosiyana pang’ono ndi phiri la Mauna Loa, lomwe ndi lalitali mamita 4,169. Komabe, mukaliyeza kuchokera m’munsi mwenimweni mumapeza kuti phirili ndi lalitali kuposa mapiri onse padziko pano, chifukwa limafika mamita 9,000. Komanso, phiri la Mauna Loa ndi phiri lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse, chifukwa limatenga dera lalikulu makilomita 40,000.

Kuli Zochititsa Chidwi Zambiri

M’nyengo yozizira, m’phiri la Mauna Kea mumagwa chipale chofewa, motero m’pomveka kuti anthu analipatsa dzina lakuti Phiri Loyera. Anthu a kumeneku amapita kukasewera ku phiriko ngakhale kuti kuli matanthwe oopsa. Panopa, makina 13 mwa makina amphamvu kwambiri oonera zinthu zakutali padziko pano, anaikidwa pa nsonga ya phirili, ndipo asayansi amachitirapo kafukufuku wawo. Makinawa anakhazikitsidwa ndi asayansi a m’mayiko 11.

Anthu amapita kukasangalala m’madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja a chilumba chachikuluchi. Amachita masewera osiyanasiyana a m’madzi chaka chonse chifukwa choti mpweya ndiponso madzi ake amakhala otentha bwino. Magombe ake ena ndi otchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mchenga wake woyera ndipo kulinso magombe ena akutali omwe anthu ambiri sapitako, kupatulapo anthu odziwa kuyenda pansi m’madera otere, kapena anthu a magalimoto oyenda m’misewu yoipa.

Inde, chilumba chachikuluchi chili ndi zinthu zambiri zochititsa chidwi, monga kukula kwake, dera limene chili ndiponso mapiri ake. Kumeneku kuli anthu ansangala, ndiponso oganizira anzawo. Anthuwa amakulandirani ndi manja awiri, monga mwa chikhalidwe cha ku Hawaii.

[Mapu patsamba 16]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

NIHAU

KAUAI

OAHU

HONOLULU

MOLOKAI

MAUI

LANAI

KAHOOLAWE

HAWAII

Hilo

Kohala

Mauna Kea

Hualalai

Mauna Loa

Kilauea

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Patalipo mukuona phiri la Mauna Kea

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 17]

U.S. Geological Survey/ Photo by T.J. Takahashi