Makadamiya Mtedza Wokoma wa ku Australia

KATSWIRI wina wa mbewu, dzina lake Walter Hill, ankayang’anitsitsa wantchito wake mwamantha. Mnyamatayo anali atangodya kumene mtedza winawake umene anali atangoutulukira kumene m’nkhalango za m’chigawo cha Queensland, kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Australia. Hill anali atamva kuti mtedzawu umapha. Koma mnyamatayo sanafe kapena kudwala. M’malomwake iye ananena kuti mtedzawo unkakoma kwambiri. Choncho, Hill nayenso analawa mtedzawo ndipo anavomerezadi kuti ndi wokoma. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, Hill anayamba kutumiza mbewu ya mtedzawo kwa anzake komanso akatswiri a mbewu padziko lonse. *

Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo papita zaka zoposa 150, ndipo panopa anthu ambiri padziko lonse amaukonda kwambiri mtedzawu. Chifukwa chiyani? Magazini ina yonena za mbewu inafotokoza kuti: “Mtedza wa makadamiya uli m’gulu la mtedza wabwino kwambiri padziko lonse chifukwa chakuti ndi wokoma kwambiri, umatafunika bwino komanso ndi wokongola.” Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti pa mbewu zonse za ku Australia, mtedzawu ndi umene unafalikira kwambiri padziko lonse.

Umavuta Kuswa

Mitengo ya makadamiya imakhala yobiriwira nthawi zonse. Imakula bwino kwambiri m’madera a kufupi ndi nyanja a kum’mawa kwa dziko la Australia. Mtedzawu ulipo wa mitundu 9, koma mitundu iwiri yokha ndi imene imadyedwa. Mitundu iwiriyi imakhala ndi makoko okhala ndi tinthu ngati mizu kunja kwake, ndi chikhokhombe chozungulira chooneka choderako. Mtedza weniweniwo umakhala woyererako ndiponso waukulu ngati nzama.

Komabe, chikhokhombe cha mtedzawu chimavuta kuswa chifukwa ndi cholimba kwambiri. * Anthu oyambirira kukhala ku Australia ankaswa mtedzawu ndi miyala. Mlimi wina wa zipatso wodziwika bwino, dzina lake John Waldron, ankaswa mtedzawu pouika pachitsulo chinachake chophwathalala n’kumaumenya ndi hamala. Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zimenezi, anaphwanya mtedza woposa 8 miliyoni pa zaka 50. N’chifukwa chiyani sanangogwiritsa ntchito makina ophwanyira? Makina akale sanali abwino kwenikweni chifukwa ankangonyenya mtedzawo. Koma patapita nthawi kunapangidwa makina abwino omwe sanyenya mtedza wambiri.

Chinanso, kuti mlimi akolole mtedza wambiri komanso wabwino, zinkafuna luso. Nthawi zambiri amati akabzala mtedza wabwino, amakolola mtedza wachabechabe. Ngakhale kutenga nthambi za mitengo yabwino n’kukazilumikiza pa mitengo ina sikunkathandiza. Chifukwa cha mavuto amenewa ulimiwu unaima, mpaka pamene anthu a ku Hawaii anapeza njira yothetsera vutoli. Iwo anatulukira nzeru zatsopano, ndipo pasanapite nthawi ankagulitsa mtedza wawo pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi. Ichi n’chifukwa chake mtedzawu unayamba kutchedwanso kuti mtedza wa ku Hawaii.

Kenako m’zaka za m’ma 1960, alimi a ku Australia anayamba kuona kuti “ulimi wa mtedza wa makadamiya ndi waphindu,” ndipo anabera nzeru za alimi a ku Hawaii. Choncho, ulimiwu unayamba kuyenda bwino kwambiri moti panopa dziko la Australia limalima pafupifupi theka la mtedza wonse wa makadamiya womwe umalimidwa padziko lonse. Mtedzawu umalimidwanso ku Africa, Asia ndi Central America. Olemba Galamukani! anapita kukacheza ndi mlimi wina wa mtedzawu dzina lake Andrew, amene amakhala ku Lismore, ku New South Wales, m’dziko la Australia.

Ulendo Wokaona Munda wa Mtedzawu

Andrew anafotokoza kuti: “Timabzala mtedza wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana m’munda umodzi n’cholinga  choti mungu wa mtedzawo uzisakanikirana.” Tinauzidwanso kuti pa mitengo mamiliyoni ambiri imene ili ku Australia, pafupifupi mitengo 80 pa 100 iliyonse inayesedwapo ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi alimi a ku Hawaii. Koma panopa alimi a ku Australia akupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mtedzawu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono, kuchokera ku mtedza umene umamera wokha m’tchire.

Titayang’ana m’mitengo, tinaona mtedza womwe unkaoneka ngati timipira ting’onoting’ono tikulendewera munthambi za mitengoyo. Mtedzawu umatenga miyezi yoposa 6 kuti ukhwime, ndipo ukakhwima, umagwa pansi. Tinaona kuti mtedza wina umene unali pansi unali ndi mabowomabowo. Titafunsa, Andrew anatiuza kuti, “Ndi mbewa zimenezo. Mbewazi zimatha kuswa mtedzawu m’masekondi 8 okha. Nazonso nguluwe zimaukonda.” Titalowerera m’mundamo, Andrew anaima n’kufukula ndi phazi mtedza umene unatsala pang’ono kukwiririka. Kenako, uku akusekerera, anati: “Pamenepa ndapulumutsa ndalama.” Alimi ambiri amakolola mtedza wawo pogwiritsa ntchito makina okhala ndi mgolo komanso zopanira zapulasitiki zimene zimatola mtedza wogwa pansi. Kenako, mtedzawo amauchotsa makoko n’kuusankhasankha asanapite nawo kufakitale kumene amakauswa, kuuika m’magiredi ndi kuutumiza kumsika.

Ndi Wokoma Komanso Wopatsa Thanzi

Titamaliza ulendowu, aliyense anatapako mtedza wodzaza m’manja n’kumatafuna. Tonse tinkanyambitira milomo chifukwa cha kukoma kokhetsa dovu kwa mtedzawu. Kuwonjezera pa kukoma, mtedzawu ndi wopatsanso thanzi. Lipoti lina lofalitsidwa ndi boma lonena za mtedzawu linati: “Mtedzawu umakhala ndi mafuta ambiri kuposa mtedza wina uliwonse.” Mafuta a mtedzawu ndi abwino kwambiri. Kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa anasonyeza kuti kudya mtedzawu pa mlingo woyenera kumachepetsa mafuta enaake oipa a m’thupi ndiponso kumachepetsa vuto la kuthamanga magazi.

Anthu ambiri amadyera mtedzawu ku maswiti, ku chokoleti, ku mabisiketi, kapena ku ayisikilimu. Ena amaukonda ukakhala wokazinga, wothira mchere kapena wosathira chilichonse. Kaya amakonda wotani, anthu ambiri amati akayamba kudya mtedzawu, safuna kuusiya.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 23]

ZIKHOKHOMBE ZAKE AMAPANGIRA MAGETSI

Zikhokhombe za mtedza wa makadamiya amapangira magetsi ndipo mphamvu zake zimafanana ndi za malasha. Kampani inayake ya ku Australia inayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zikhokhombezi popanga magetsi ogwiritsa ntchito pafakitale ina ya mtedzawu komanso oti anthu ena azigwiritsa ntchito m’nyumba zawo. Kampani imeneyi ndi yoyamba ku Australia kupanga magetsi kuchokera ku zinthu zopanda ntchito ngati zimenezi, ndipo kampaniyi ikhoza kumapanga magetsi ambiri ngati alimi ambiri atamaigulitsa zikhokhombe.

[Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Chaka chilichonse, alimi a ku Australia amabzala mitengo ya mtedza wa makadamiya yochuluka zedi

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 23]

All photos pages 22 and 23: Australian Macadamia Society