Chitsekerero Chopangidwa Kuchokera ku Khungwa la Mtengo

Kodi mungaganize kuti khungwa la mtengo n’kupangira zinthu zofunika kwambiri za mu injini, mipira yosiyanasiyana, ndiponso zitsekerero za mabotolo a vinyo? Khungwa la mtengo wa “oak” linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka masauzande ambiri zapitazo ndi asodzi ndipo likugwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano, ngakhale popangira mainjini a zombo zopita kumwezi. Chodabwitsa kwambiri n’chakuti khungwa limeneli amaligwiritsa ntchito zonsezi popanda kugwetsa mtengo wake.

KHUNGWA limeneli si khungwa wamba. Ndi lopepuka, silipsa ndi moto komanso limatamuka.

Mukakanganula khungwali kuchoka kumtengo wake, mtengowo umamereranso khungwa lina. Kupanda kulichotsa, khungwalo limatha kukula mpaka kufika masentimita 25. Likakula chonchi, limateteza mtengowo kuti usafe chifukwa cha kutentha, kuzizira kapena moto. Ngati anthu asenda mtengowo ndi kuchotsa khungwa lake, pomatha zaka 10 khungwalo limakhala litameranso.

Ku Portugal n’kumene kumachokera makungwa ambiri a mtengowu, pafupifupi 55 peresenti ya makungwa a pa dziko lonse. Dziko la Spain limatulutsa makungwa okwana 30 peresenti ndipo mayiko ena (monga Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco, ndi Tunisia) amatulutsa 15 peresenti yotsalayo. *

Khungwali Limagwira Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana

Anthu a ku Roma ndi ku Girisi ndi amene anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito khungwa la mtengo umenewu popangira chapansi pa nsapato komanso popanga kafumphu wa mbedza. Zikuoneka kuti ankaligwiritsanso ntchito popanga zitsekerero za majagi. Masiku ano limagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zotsekera za mainjini osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mainjini a zombo zopita kumwezi. Ubwino wa khungwali ndi wakuti ngakhale injiniyo itatentha kwambiri, zotsekerazo sizipsa.

Popeza kuti khungwa la mtengowu ndi lokongola komanso silipsa wamba, anthu ambiri amapangira matailosi a pansi ndi makoma a nyumba zawo. Anthu amene amapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosewerera, amaona kuti khungwali ndi lofunika kwambiri popanga mipira kapena chogwirira cha ndodo ya mbedza. Koma ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kupangira zitsekerero za vinyo.—Onani bokosi lakuti “Chitsekerero Chabwino Kwambiri.”

Zosawononga Chilengedwe

Anthu akamachotsa makungwawa kuchokera kumitengo yake, sagwetsa mitengoyo ndipo umenewu ndi umboni wakuti n’zotheka anthu kumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zam’chilengedwe popanda kuziwononga. Mitengoyi ikakula kwambiri, imakongoletsa dziko, imathandiza kuti ng’ombe zimene zikudya msipu pansi pake zipeze mthunzi,  komanso imathandiza kuti nyengo yadzuwa isamakhale yotentha kwambiri.

Mbalame zambiri zomwe panopa zatsala pang’ono kutheratu monga mtundu winawake wa chiwombankhanga, chikwatu, ndi chumba, zimadaliranso mitengoyi zikafuna kumanga zisa zawo. Nyama zinazake zooneka ngati kambuku zimene zimapezeka m’mayiko a kum’mwera kwa Ulaya, zomwenso zatsala zochepa kwambiri, zimakhalanso m’nkhalango za mitengo imeneyi. Posachedwapa, bungwe lina loona za nyama zakuthengo linanena kuti nyama zimenezi zingapulumuke ngati mayiko a Spain ndi Portugal atalimbikitsa anthu kudzala mitengo imeneyi.

Choncho tsiku lina mukamadzatsegula botolo la vinyo lomwe lili ndi chitsekerero cha mtengo umenewu, mudzaganizire za kumene chimachokera. Mudzakumbukire kuti chitsekerero chabwino kwambiri chimenechi chimachokera ku khungwa la mtengo ndipo mosiyana ndi zitsekerero zina sichiwononga chilengedwe. Kodi mtengo wabwino ungapose pamenepa?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 20]

“Chitsekerero Chabwino Kwambiri”

Miguel Elena, yemwe ndi mkulu wa bungwe lina loona za mitengo ya “oak,” lomwe likulu lake lili ku Extremadura ku Spain, atacheza ndi mtolankhani wa “Galamukani!,” anafotokoza zambiri zokhudza chitsekerero chochokera ku khungwa la mtengowu.

Kodi chitsekerero chochokera ku khungwa la mtengowu chimakhala nthawi yaitali bwanji?

Ndaonapo anthu akutsegula mabotolo a vinyo okhala ndi chitsekererochi amene anapangidwa zaka 100 zapitazo, ndipo vinyo wake anali asanawonongeke. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti chitsekererochi ndi chabwino kwambiri.

Kodi mtengo umafunika kuti ukhale zaka zingati kuti ayambe kupangira zitsekererozi?

Kuti apange chitsekerero chabwino kwambiri, mtengowo umafunika kukhala zaka 50 kapena kupitirira, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina anthu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo umene wangotha zaka 25. Komabe, anthu ambiri amagwa mphwayi kubzala mitengo imeneyi chifukwa amaona kuti ziwatengera zaka zambiri kuti adzayambe kuudyera. Ndipo sindikuganiza kuti pali kampani iliyonse imene ingadikire zaka 50 kuti idzayambe kupeza phindu.

Kodi mtengo wa oak umakhala nthawi yaitali bwanji?

Mitengoyi imatha kukhala zaka 200, ndipo mitengo ina ya mtunduwu imatha kukhala zaka zambiri kuposa pamenepa. Mitengoyi amaichotsa makungwa pakatha zaka 9 zilizonse.

Kodi mukupanga chiyani kuti mitengoyi isathe?

Mayiko a ku Ulaya akulimbikitsa anthu kuti azibzala mitengoyi powapatsa zipangizo zotsika mtengo zofunikira pa ulimi wa mitengoyi. Choncho, m’zaka zaposachedwapa tatsegula minda yambirimbiri ya mitengoyi komanso tikuyesetsa kusamalira minda yakale.

Kodi m’zaka zaposachedwapa mwachita zotani pofuna kuti mitengoyi izitulutsa makungwa abwino kwambiri?

M’zaka 20 zapitazi takhala tikupanga kafukufuku wofuna kupeza mbewu zabwino kwambiri za mitengoyi. Komanso timagwira ntchito mothandizana ndi mayiko ena amene amabzala mitengoyi n’cholinga choti ulimiwu upite patsogolo. Komanso kwa zaka zambiri anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa pokanganula makungwawa, koma tsopano tinapanga kampeni kakang’ono kamene kakugwira bwino ntchito kusiyana ndi nkhwangwazo.

 [Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Mtengo umene wachotsedwa khungwa, umameranso khungwa lina

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Anthu amachotsa makungwa a mtengowu mwaluso kwambiri

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Makungwa amaunjikidwa pamodzi podikira kuti apite kufakitale

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Mpaka pano, zitsekerero zabwino kwambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku makungwa amene akanganulidwa ndi manja

[Chithunzi pamasamba 18, 19]

Zinthu zina zochokera ku mtengowu zimagwira ntchito ina