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  NKHANI YA PACHIKUTO

Kodi Ofalitsa Nkhani Tingawakhulupirire?

Kodi Ofalitsa Nkhani Tingawakhulupirire?

ANTHU ambiri akamvetsera komanso kuwerenga nkhani amakayikira ngati ili yoona. Mwachitsanzo, m’chaka cha 2012, bungwe lina lochita kafukufuku linafunsa anthu a ku America “ngati amakhulupirira” kuti nkhani zimene amaonera pa TV, kumvetsera pa wailesi ndiponso kuwerenga munyuzipepala zimakhala zolondola komanso zosakondera. Anthu 6 pa 10 alionse ananena kuti “sazikhulupirira kwenikweni” kapena “sazikhulupirira n’komwe.” Kodi pali zifukwa zomveka zimene zimapangitsa anthu kusakhulupirira ofalitsa nkhani?

Atolankhani ambiri komanso mabugwe amene atolankhaniwa amagwirako ntchito amanena kuti cholinga cha bungwe lawo n’kudziwitsa anthu nkhani zolondola komanso kuwaphunzitsa. Komabe pali zinthu zina zimene zimalepheretsa kuti azikwaniritsa zimene amanenazi. Taganizirani mfundo zotsatirazi:

  • MABUNGWE OFALITSA NKHANI. Pali makampani ena akuluakulu amene ali ndi mabungwe omwe amawafalitsira nkhani zawo. Nkhani zimene mabungwe amenewa amafalitsa komanso mmene angazifotokozere zimadalira zokonda za makampaniwo. Popeza cholinga chachikulu cha makampaniwa ndi kupanga phindu, zimene mabungwe ofalitsa nkhani amafalitsa zimakhala zofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga chimenechi. Nkhani zimene zingaipitse mbiri ya makampaniwo, sizifalitsidwa.

  • BOMA. Zinthu zambiri zimene timamva kwa ofalitsa nkhani zimakhala zokhudza andale komanso zimene boma lachita. Boma limafuna kuti anthu azikonda mfundo zake komanso azikonda akuluakulu a boma. Popeza nthawi zina mabungwe ofalitsa nkhani amafunika kupeza nkhani zawo kuchokera ku boma, atolankhani amayamba kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi akuluakulu a bomawo.

  •  KUTSATSA MALONDA. M’mayiko ambiri, mabungwe ofalitsa nkhani amafunika kupeza ndalama zoyendetsera bungwe lawolo ndipo ndalama zambiri amazipeza kuchokera kwa otsatsa malonda. Mwachitsanzo, ku America mabungwe olemba magazini amapeza kuposa hafu ya ndalama zawo kudzera m’mapulogalamu otsatsa malonda. Olemba nyuzipepala amapeza pafupifupi ndalama zawo zonse kudzera m’njirayi. Komanso nyumba zoulutsa nkhani ngati TV komanso wailesi, zimapeza ndalama zawo zonse potsatsa malonda. Makampani sangamapereke ndalama kuti pulogalamu ina iziulutsidwa, ngati pulogalamuyo imanena zoipa za kampaniyo. Ngati sakukhutira ndi zimene bungwe lina likufalitsa, angapite kwina kukalengezetsa malonda awo. Choncho, olemba nkhani amachotsa nkhani zonse zimene zingakwiyitse makampani olengezetsa malonda.

  • KUNENA ZABODZA. Atolankhani ambiri sanena zoona. Ena amalemba nkhani zongopeka. Mwachitsanzo, zaka zapitazo mtolankhani wina wa ku Japan ankafuna kulemba nkhani yonena za akatswiri ena osambira amene ankawaganizira kuti ankapha tizilombo tina ta m’nyanja pachilumba cha Okinawa. Atalephera kupeza umboni wa nkhaniyi, mtolankhaniyu anapha yekha tizilomboto kenako n’kutijambula. Zithunzi zikhozanso kusinthidwa kaonekedwe kuti zigwirizane ndi zimene atolankhani akufuna. Pali njira zamakono zambiri zimene amagwiritsa ntchito pochita zimenezi ndipo nthawi zambiri chithunzi choti chasinthidwa, simungachidziwe kuti chachita kusinthidwa.

  • MMENE AMAFOTOKOZERA NKHANI. Ngakhale nkhaniyo itakhala yoona, atolankhani osiyanasiyana amaifotokozanso mosiyanasiyana. Amasankha okha zimene angatchule m’nkhaniyo ndi zimene sangazitchule. Mwachitsanzo, timu ya mpira ingaluze ndi zigoli ziwiri kwa zilo. Koma mtolankhani aliyense angalembe zifukwa zake pofotokoza chifukwa chake timuyo yaluza.

  • AMACHOTSA MFUNDO ZINA. Nthawi zambiri atolankhani akafuna kulemba nkhani yochititsa chidwi anthu ambiri, amachotsa mfundo zina zimene zingasokoneze anthu kapena kubweretsa mafunso ambirimbiri. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti akokomeze mfundo zina kuposa zina. Popeza owerenga nkhani pa wailesi kapena pa TV komanso atolankhani amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yoti afotokoze nkhani zawo, nthawi zina amasiya mfundo zofunika pofotokoza nkhaniyo.

  •  KUKULA KWA MPIKISANO. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masiteshoni a TV, anthu ambiri saonera siteshoni imodzi kwa nthawi yaitali. Pofuna kukopa anthu, masiteshoni a TV amayesetsa kuonetsa zinthu zochititsa chidwi komanso zosangalatsa. Ponena za zimenezi, buku lina linanena kuti: “Masiteshoni a TV ambiri, amayesetsa kuti nthawi zonse azionetsa nkhani zokhala ndi zithunzi zokonzedwa m’njira yoti anthu amve nazo chisoni kapena kusangalala nazo kwambiri. Nkhanizi zimakhalanso zazifupi n’cholinga choti anthu asatope nazo.”—Media Bias.

  • KULAKWITSA. Popeza atolankhani nawonso ndi anthu, nthawi zina amalakwitsa polemba nkhani osati mwadala. Amatha kulakwitsa kalembedwe ka mawu, kuika kachizindikiro kopumira pamalo olakwika komanso kulakwitsa malamulo a kalembedwe, ndipo izi zingapangitse kuti tanthauzo la chiganizo lisinthe. Nthawi zina amangolemba nkhani asanafufuze bwinobwino. Komanso chifukwa chothamangira nthawi, mtolankhani angathe kulakwitsa kalembedwe ka manambala. Mwachitsanzo, angalembe 10,000 m’malo mwa 100,000.

  • KATANTHAUZIRIDWE. Kulemba nkhani yolondola n’kovuta kwambiri kuposa mmene ambiri amaganizira. Zinthu zimene zingaoneke ngati zolondola lero, pakapita nthawi sizikhala zolondola. Mwachitsanzo, poyamba asayansi ankakhulupirira kuti mapulaneti onse amazungulira dziko lapansili koma tsopano apeza kuti dzikoli ndi mapulaneti ena onse amayenda mozungulira dzuwa.

 Tisamangokhulupirira Chilichonse

Ngakhale kuti sitingakhulupirire nkhani iliyonse imene tingawerenge m’nyuzipepala, sizikutanthauza kuti nkhani iliyonse imene amalemba imakhala yabodza. Chofunika n’kukhala osamala komanso kudziwa kuti zinthu zina zimene amalemba sizikhala zoona.

Baibulo limati: “Kodi khutu si paja limasiyanitsa mawu ngati mmene m’kamwa mumasiyanitsira kakomedwe ka chakudya?” (Yobu 12:11) Mfundo zotsatirazi zingatithandize kuona ngati nkhani zimene tawerenga kapena kumva zili zolondola.

  • AMENE AKUNENA NKHANIYO: Kodi nkhaniyo ikuchokera kwa munthu kapena bungwe limene limadziwika kuti limanena zoona? Kodi pulogalamu kapena nyuzipepalayo imadziwika kuti imafotokoza nkhani mmene zililidi kapena imakonda kukokomeza nkhani? Nanga ndani amene amapereka ndalama zoyendetsera bungwelo?

  • KUMENE NKHANIYO YACHOKERA: Kodi pali umboni wosonyeza kuti nkhaniyo anaifufuza bwino? Kodi nkhaniyo yangochokera mbali imodzi? Nanga kodi kumene kwachokera nkhaniyo n’kodalirika komanso anthu ake amadziwika kuti amalemba nkhani mosakondera?

  • CHOLINGA CHA NKHANIYO: Mungadzifunse kuti: ‘Kodi cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndi kudziwitsa anthu zinazake kapena kungowasangalatsa? Kodi cholinga chake n’kutsatsa malonda kapena kulimbikitsa chinachake?’

  • MMENE NKHANIYO IKUMVEKERA: Ngati nkhaniyo ikusonyeza kuti amene akufotokozayo ndi wokwiya, akungotsutsa chilichonse kapena akudana kwambiri ndi winawake, zingasonyeze kuti si yodalirika ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuipitsa mbiri ya munthu wina.

  • MFUNDO ZA NKHANIYO: Kodi mfundo zimene zili m’nkhaniyo zikugwirizana ndi zimene zili m’nkhani kapena malipoti ena? Ngati nkhanizo zikutsutsana, muyenera kukhala osamala.

  • NTHAWI: Kodi zimene zalembedwazo ndi zaposachedwa? Chifukwatu zimene zinali zolondola zaka 20 zapitazo sizingakhale zolondola panopa. Komanso ngati nkhani yangochitika kumene, zingakhale zovuta kudziwa zonse zokhudza nkhaniyo.

Ndiye kodi ofalitsa nkhani tingawakhulupirire? Malangizo anzeru tikuwapeza pa zimene Solomo analemba.Iye anati: “Munthu amene sadziwa zinthu amakhulupirira mawu alionse, koma wochenjera amaganizira za mmene akuyendera.”—Miyambo 14:15.