1, 2. (a) Kodi Yesu anapempha chiyani popemphera komaliza ndi atumwi ake? (b) Kodi mwina n’chiyani chinachititsa Yesu kuganizira kwambiri za mgwirizano?

YESU ankaganizira kwambiri za mgwirizano pamene ankadya chakudya chamadzulo chomaliza ndi atumwi ake. Pamene ankapemphera nawo, ananena kuti ankafunitsitsa kuti ophunzira ake akhale ogwirizana ngati mmene iye ndi Atate wake alili. (Werengani Yohane 17:20, 21.) Mgwirizano wa ophunzirawo ukanapereka umboni wamphamvu wakuti Yehova ndi amene anatuma Yesu padzikoli kuti adzachite chifuniro cha Mulungu. Chikondi chinathandiza anthu kuzindikira ophunzira enieni a Yesu ndipo chinathandizanso ophunzirawo kuti akhale ogwirizana.​—Yoh. 13:34, 35.

² M’pomveka kuti Yesu anatsindika kwambiri za mgwirizano chifukwa anaona kuti nthawi zina atumwi ake zinkawavuta kukhala mogwirizana ndipo ankakangana. Ndipotu pa nthawi ya chakudya chamadzulo chomaliza chija, atumwiwo anakangananso za “amene anali kuoneka wamkulu kwambiri.” (Luka 22:24-27; Maliko 9:33, 34) Pa nthawi ina, Yakobo ndi Yohane anapempha Yesu kuti awapatse malo apamwamba kwambiri okhala pafupi naye mu Ufumu wake.​—Maliko 10:35-40.

3. Kodi ndi mavuto ati amene mwina anachititsa kuti ophunzira a Khristu asamagwirizane, nanga tikambirana mafunso ati munkhaniyi?

 ³ Ophunzira a Khristu ankavutika kugwirizana pa zifukwa zinanso osati chifukwa chongofuna kukhala ndi malo apamwamba basi. Pa nthawiyo, anthu sankagwirizana chifukwa chodana komanso tsankho. Choncho ophunzira a Yesu ankayenera kusintha maganizo komanso mtima wawo. Munkhaniyi tikambirana mayankho a mafunso awa: Kodi Yesu ankachita chiyani akakumana ndi vuto la tsankho? Kodi iye anathandiza bwanji otsatira ake kuti azichita zinthu mopanda tsankho komanso kuti azigwirizana? Nanga zimene ankaphunzitsa zingatithandize bwanji kukhala ogwirizana?

4. Fotokozani zimene anthu ena atsankho ankachitira Yesu.

⁴ Anthu ena atsankho ankadana ndi Yesu komanso kumunena. Mwachitsanzo, Filipo atauza Natanayeli kuti wapeza Mesiya, Natanayeliyo anati: “Kodi mu Nazareti mungatuluke kanthu kabwino?” (Yoh. 1:46) Zikuoneka kuti Natanayeli ankadziwa ulosi wa pa Mika 5:2 ndipo ankaona kuti Nazareti ndi mudzi wonyozeka moti sungakhale kwawo kwa Mesiya. Nawonso anthu amene anali ndi maudindo apamwamba ku Yudeya ankanyoza Yesu chifukwa choti anali wochokera ku Galileya. (Yoh. 7:52) Anthu ambiri a ku Yudeya ankaona kuti anthu a ku Galileya anali onyozeka. Ayuda enanso ananyoza Yesu pomutchula kuti Msamariya. (Yoh. 8:48) Asamariya ankasiyana ndi Ayuda chifukwa cha mtundu wawo komanso chipembedzo chawo. Anthu a ku Yudeya komanso ku Galileya sankalemekeza Asamariya ndipo ankawapewa.​—Yoh. 4:9.

5. Kodi otsatira a Yesu anakumana ndi mavuto ati chifukwa cha tsankho?

⁵ Nawonso atsogoleri achiyuda ankanyoza otsatira a Yesu. Afarisi ankanena kuti otsatira a Yesuwo anali ‘otembereredwa.’ (Yoh. 7:47-49) Afarisiwo ankaona kuti anthu amene sanapite kusukulu za Arabi, komanso amene sankatsatira miyambo yawo, anali anthu wamba ndiponso achabechabe. (Mac. 4:13) Anthu amene ankadana ndi Yesu komanso ophunzira ake anali ndi tsankho chifukwa choti ankanyadira chipembedzo chawo, udindo wawo komanso mtundu wawo. Nawonso ophunzira a Yesu anali ndi mtima watsankho. Choncho kuti azigwirizana, anayenera kusintha maganizo awo.

6. Perekani zitsanzo zosonyeza kuti nafenso tikhoza kukumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha tsankho.

⁶ Masiku ano, vuto la tsankho ndi lofala kwambiri. Mwina tingakumane ndi mavuto ena chifukwa cha anthu atsankho kapena ifeyo tingakhale ndi vuto la tsankho mumtima mwathu. Mlongo wina amene akuchita upainiya ku Australia anati: “Ndinkadana kwambiri ndi azungu ndikaganizira zinthu zopanda chilungamo zimene akhala akuchitira anthu amtundu wa Aaborijini. Mtima umenewu unakula chifukwa cha zinthu zina zopanda chilungamo zimene anthu anandichitira ineyo.” M’bale wina wa ku Canada anafotokozanso za tsankho limene anali nalo kwa anthu achilankhulo china. Iye anati: “Ndinkaganiza kuti anthu olankhula Chifulenchi ndi apamwamba. Choncho ndinayamba kudana ndi anthu olankhula Chingelezi.”

7. Kodi Yesu ankatani akakumana ndi vuto la tsankho?

⁷ Tsankho likhoza kumera mizu m’mitima yathu ngati mmene zinalili munthawi ya Yesu. Kodi Yesu ankatani akakumana ndi vuto la tsankho? Choyamba, iye ankapeweratu mtima watsankho ndipo ankayesetsa kuchita zinthu mwachilungamo kwa aliyense. Iye ankalalikira kwa anthu olemera, osauka, Afarisi, Asamariya ngakhalenso okhometsa misonkho ndi ochimwa. Chachiwiri, mawu ndi zochita zake zinathandiza ophunzira ake kuzindikira kuti si bwino kukayikira kapena kudana ndi anthu ena.

8. Kodi ndi mfundo iti imene imathandiza kuti Akhristu azigwirizana? Fotokozani.

⁸ Yesu anauza otsatira ake mfundo imene ingathandize kuti tizigwirizana kwambiri. Iye anati:  “Nonsenu ndinu abale.” (Werengani Mateyu 23:8, 9.) Tinganene kuti tonsefe ndife “abale” chifukwa tonsefe ndi ana a Adamu. (Mac. 17:26) Koma pali chifukwa chinanso. Yesu ananena kuti ophunzira ake anali ngati abale ndi alongo chifukwa choti onse ankaona kuti Yehova ndi Atate wawo wakumwamba. (Mat. 12:50) Chinanso n’chakuti anakhala ngati banja limodzi lauzimu chifukwa choti chikondi ndi chikhulupiriro zinkawathandiza kukhala ogwirizana. N’chifukwa chake atumwi akamalemba makalata awo ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti ‘abale ndi alongo’ pofotokoza za Akhristu anzawo.​—Aroma 1:13; 1 Pet. 2:17; 1 Yoh. 3:13. *

9, 10. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani Ayuda sankayenera kukhala ndi mtima wonyadira mtundu wawo? (b) Kodi Yesu anathandiza bwanji anthu kuti asamadane ndi anthu amtundu wina? (Onani chithunzi choyambirira.)

⁹ N’zochititsa chidwi kuti Yesu atasonyeza kuti tonsefe ndife abale ndi alongo, anatsindika kufunika kwa mtima wodzichepetsa. (Werengani Mateyu 23:11, 12.) Monga tanena kale, mtima wodzikuza ndi umene unachititsa kuti atumwi azikangana. Ndipo n’kutheka kuti mtima wonyadira mtundu wawo ndi umene unkawachititsanso zimenezi. Koma kodi zinalidi zomveka kuti Ayuda azinyada chifukwa choti anali ana a Abulahamu? Ayuda ambiri anali ndi maganizo amenewa. Koma Yohane M’batizi anawauza kuti: “Mulungu ali ndi mphamvu yokhoza kuutsira Abulahamu ana kuchokera ku miyala iyi.”​—Luka 3:8.

¹⁰ Yesu anaphunzitsa kuti si bwino kunyada chifukwa cha mtundu wathu. Iye anapezerapo mwayi wofotokoza mfundoyi pamene mlembi wina anamufunsa kuti: “Nanga mnzanga amene ndikuyenera kumukonda ndani kwenikweni?” Poyankha funsoli, Yesu anapereka fanizo la Msamariya wachifundo amene anathandiza Myuda yemwe anavulazidwa ndi achifwamba. Ayuda amene ankadutsa pamalopo sanamuthandize koma Msamariya ndi amene anamumvera chisoni n’kumuthandiza. Yesu anamaliza fanizoli pouza mlembiyo kuti azikhala ngati Msamariyayo. (Luka 10:25-37) Apa tingati Yesu anasonyeza kuti Msamariya akhoza kuthandiza Ayuda kuzindikira mmene angasonyezere chikondi chenicheni kwa anzawo.

11. N’chifukwa chiyani ophunzira a Khristu ankafunika kuthetsa mtima wosankha anthu amitundu ina, nanga Yesu anawathandiza bwanji kuti amvetse mfundoyi?

¹¹ Ophunzira a Yesu ankafunika kuthetsa mtima wodzikuza komanso watsankho kuti agwire bwino ntchito imene anapatsidwa. Yesu asanapite kumwamba, anawauza kuti akhale mboni zake “ku Yudeya konse ndi ku Samariya, mpaka kumalekezero a dziko lapansi.” (Mac. 1:8) Yesu anawakonzekeretsa kuchita zimenezi pamene anawathandiza kuzindikira makhalidwe abwino amene anthu amitundu ina anali nawo. Mwachitsanzo, iye anayamikira kapitawo wa asilikali chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro champhamvu chimene anali nacho. (Mat. 8:5-10) Ali kwawo ku Nazareti, Yesu anauza anthu zinthu zabwino zimene Mulungu anachitira anthu amitundu ina monga mkazi wamasiye wa ku Zarefati komanso Namani wa ku Siriya. (Luka 4:25-27) Ndipo Yesuyo analalikira mkazi wachisamariya kenako anakhalabe m’tauni ina ya Asamariya kwa masiku awiri chifukwa anthu ambiri ankafuna kumva uthenga wake.​—Yoh. 4:21-24, 40.

12, 13. (a) Kodi atumwi anatani ataona Yesu akulalikira mkazi wachisamariya? (Onani chithunzi choyambirira.) (b) N’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti Yakobo ndi Yohane sanaphunzire kanthu pa zimene Yesu anachita?

¹² Koma sizinali zapafupi kuti atumwi athetse mtima watsankho. Mwachitsanzo, iwo anadabwa kuona Yesu akuphunzitsa mkazi wachisamariya.  (Yoh. 4:9, 27) Zinali choncho chifukwa choti atsogoleri achipembedzo achiyuda sankalankhula ndi mkazi wina aliyense pa gulu. Ndiyeno Yesu anapezeka kuti akulankhula ndi mkazi wachisamariya komanso wakhalidwe lokayikitsa. Atumwiwo atauza Yesu kuti adye, yankho lake linasonyeza kuti maganizo ake onse anali pophunzitsa mkaziyo moti sankaganiza za njala. Cholinga cha Atate wake chinali choti azilalikira ngakhale kwa akazi achisamariya, moti kuchita zimenezi ankaona ngati kudya chakudya.​—Yoh. 4:31-34.

¹³ Koma Yakobo ndi Yohane sanaphunzire kanthu pa zimene Yesu anachitazi. Yesu ndi ophunzira ake akuyenda ku Samariya anapempha malo ogona pamudzi winawake. Asamariyawo atawakaniza malo ogona, Yakobo ndi Yohane anakwiya n’kunena kuti m’pofunika kuwaitanira moto kumwamba kuti uwononge mudzi wonsewo. Koma Yesu anawadzudzula mwamphamvu. (Luka 9:51-56) Komano funso n’kumati, Kodi Yakobo ndi Yohane akananena zimenezi zikanakhala kuti amene akaniza malowo ndi anthu akwawo ku Galileya? Zikuoneka kuti mtima watsankho ndi umene unawachititsa kuti akwiyire kwambiri anthuwo. Patapita nthawi Yohane anapita ku Samariya n’kupeza kuti anthu ambiri ankafuna kumva uthenga wabwino ndipo n’kutheka kuti anachita manyazi ndi zomwe ananena zija.​—Mac. 8:14, 25.

14. Kodi atumwi anathandiza bwanji anthu amene ankasalidwa mwina chifukwa cha chilankhulo chawo?

¹⁴ Pasanapite nthawi yaitali kuchokera pa Pentekosite wa mu 33 C.E., panachitika nkhani ina yokhudza tsankho. Akazi amasiye olankhula Chigiriki ankasalidwa pa nthawi yogawa chakudya. (Mac. 6:1) N’kutheka kuti ankasalidwa chifukwa cha chilankhulo chawo. Atumwi anathetsa nkhaniyi mwamsanga posankha abale oyenerera kuti azigawa chakudyacho. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti abale onse amene anasankhidwa anali ndi mayina achigiriki. N’kutheka kuti zimenezi zinakhazika pansi mitima ya akazi amasiye amene ankasalidwawo.

15. N’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti Petulo anasintha kwambiri n’kumachita zinthu mopanda tsankho? (Onani chithunzi choyambirira.)

¹⁵ Mu 36 C.E., ntchito yolalikira inafika kwa anthu amitundu ina. Mtumwi Petulo anali atazolowera kuchita zinthu ndi Ayuda okhaokha. Koma Mulungu atamuthandiza kuzindikira kuti Akhristu ayenera kuchita zinthu mopanda tsankho, Petulo analalikira msilikali wachiroma dzina lake Koneliyo. (Werengani Machitidwe 10:28, 34, 35.) Kenako Petulo anayamba kudya komanso kucheza ndi Akhristu amitundu ina. Koma patapita zaka zingapo, Petulo anasiya kudya ndi Akhristu omwe sanali Ayuda mumzinda wa Antiokeya. (Agal. 2:11-14) Zimenezi zitachitika, Paulo anamudzudzula ndipo zikuoneka kuti Petulo anamvera. Pamene Petulo analemba kalata yoyamba yopita kwa Akhristu achiyuda komanso amitundu ina ku Asia Minor anawalimbikitsa kuti azikonda gulu lonse la abale.​—1 Pet. 1:1; 2:17.

16. Kodi Akhristu oyambirira ankadziwika ndi khalidwe liti?

¹⁶ Apa zikuonekeratu kuti atumwi anaphunzira kwa Yesu mtima wokonda “anthu osiyanasiyana.” (Yoh. 12:32; 1 Tim. 4:10) Iwo anasintha maganizo awo ngakhale kuti zinawatengera nthawi yaitali. Akhristu oyambirira ankadziwika kuti ankakondana kwambiri. Wolemba mbiri wina, dzina lake Tertullian, ananena kuti anthu ena omwe sanali Akhristu ankafotokoza za Akhristu kuti: “Amakondana . . . Komanso ndi okonzeka kuferana.” Akhristuwo anavala “umunthu watsopano” womwe unawathandiza kuzindikira kuti anthu onse ndi ofanana pamaso pa Mulungu.​—Akol. 3:10, 11.

17. Kodi tingathetse bwanji mtima watsankho? Perekani zitsanzo.

¹⁷ Masiku anonso zingatitengere nthawi yaitali kuti tithetseretu mtima watsankho. Mlongo wina wa ku France anafotokoza mmene zimamuvutira.  Iye anati: “Yehova wandiphunzitsa tanthauzo la chikondi, kugawana zinthu ndi ena komanso kukonda anthu osiyanasiyana. Koma ndikuyesetsabe kuti ndithetseretu mtima watsankho ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimandivuta kwambiri. N’chifukwa chake nkhani imeneyi ndimaipemphererabe mpaka pano.” Mlongo wina wa ku Spain alinso ndi vuto lomweli. Iye anati: “Ndikulimbanabe ndi vuto lodana ndi anthu amtundu winawake ndipo nthawi zambiri ndimakwanitsa. Koma ndikudziwa kuti ndiyenera kumenyabe nkhondoyi. Ndimathokoza Yehova pondilola kukhala m’gulu lake lomwe lili ngati banja logwirizana.” Aliyense ayenera kudzifufuza moona mtima pa nkhani imeneyi. N’kutheka kuti nafenso tiyenera kulimbana ndi mtima umene alongo awiriwa akulimbana nawo.

18, 19. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kulandira munthu aliyense? (b) Kodi tingalandire bwanji anthu?

¹⁸ Ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti pa nthawi ina tonsefe tinali ngati “alendo osadziwika” kwa Mulungu. (Aef. 2:12) Koma Yehova anatisonyeza chikondi ‘potikokera’ kwa iye. (Hos. 11:4; Yoh. 6:44) Ndipotu Khristu anatilandira bwino. Zili ngati iye anatitsegulira chitseko kuti tilowe m’banja la Mulungu. (Werengani Aroma 15:7.) Popeza Yesu watilandira ngakhale kuti si ife angwiro, si nzeru kukana kulandira anthu ena.

¹⁹ Pamene mapeto akuyandikira tsankho ndi chidani ziziwonjezereka m’dzikoli. (Agal. 5:19-21; 2 Tim. 3:13) Koma atumiki a Yehovafe timayendera nzeru yochokera kumwamba yomwe ndi yopanda tsankho komanso yolimbikitsa mtendere. (Yak. 3:17, 18) Timasangalala kukhala ndi anzathu ochokera kumayiko ena ngakhale kuti ndife osiyana chikhalidwe. Nthawi zina timayesetsanso kuphunzira zilankhulo zawo. Tikamachita zimenezi mtendere wathu umakhala ngati mtsinje ndipo chilungamo chathu chimakhala ngati mafunde a m’nyanja.​—Yes. 48:17, 18.

20. Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ngati chikondi chayamba kukula mumtima ndi m’maganizo athu?

²⁰ Mlongo wa ku Australia amene tamutchula kale uja ananena kuti: “Ndimamva ngati ndinatseguliridwa zitseko kuti ndiphunzire mfundo zachoonadi.” Iye amaona kuti kuphunzira Baibulo kunamuthandiza kwambiri moti anati: “Ndinaumbidwa kuti ndikhale ndi mtima watsopano komanso maganizo atsopano. Ndinayamba kuona mtima watsankho komanso wodana ndi anthu ena ukuchoka pang’onopang’ono.” Nayenso m’bale wa ku Canada uja ananena kuti: “Nthawi zambiri munthu amadana ndi anthu amtundu wina chifukwa cha umbuli. Komanso sikuti munthu amakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino chifukwa choti anabadwira kudera linalake.” M’baleyu anakwatira mlongo wolankhula Chingelezi. Zonsezi ndi umboni wakuti chikondi chimene timaphunzira chimatithandiza kuthetsa tsankho n’kumakhala ogwirizana kwambiri.​—Akol. 3:14.