Kusintha kwa “Chikristu”​—Kodi N’kovomerezeka kwa Mulungu?

TINENE kuti mwauza wojambula zithunzi pamanja kuti apange chithunzi cha nkhope yanu. Atamaliza, mtima wanu ndi wodzaza ndi chimwemwe; chithunzicho chikufananadi ndi nkhope yanu. Mukuganizira ana anu, adzukulu anu, ndi adzukulu awo kuti adzachikonda kwambiri chithunzicho pochiona.

Komabe, patapita mibadwo ingapo mmodzi mwa mbadwa zanu akuona kuti dazilo pachithunzi chija silikuoneka bwino, choncho akuwonjezapo tsitsi lina. Winanso sakusangalala ndi mmene mphuno ikuonekera, choncho akuisintha. Mbali zinanso “zikuwongoleredwa” m’mibadwo ina, moti pomalizira pake chithunzi chija sichikufanananso ndi nkhope yanu. Mutadziŵa kuti ndi zimene zidzachitika, kodi mungamve bwanji? Mosakayikira mutha kukwiya nazo.

Tsoka lake n’lakuti nkhani ya chithunzi chija, kwenikweni, ndi nkhani ya matchalitchi omwe amati n’ngachikristu. Mbiri yakale ikusonyeza kuti atumwi a Kristu atangotha onse kumwalira, nkhope yeniyeni ya “Chikristu” inayamba kusintha, monga momwe Baibulo linalosera.​—Mateyu 13:24-30, 37-43; Machitidwe 20:30. *

Zoonadi, palibe vuto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zachikhalidwe za m’Baibulo pakati pa anthu ndi mibadwo yosiyanasiyana. Koma kusintha ziphunzitso za Baibulo kuti zigwirizane ndi zimene anthu ambiri akulingalira ndi nkhani ina. Koma n’zimene zachitika. Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani za zinthu zimene zasinthidwa pankhani zingapo zofunika kwambiri.

Tchalitchi Chigwirizana ndi Boma

Yesu anaphunzitsa kuti ulamuliro wake, kapena kuti Ufumu wake, uli wa kumwamba umene, panthaŵi yake, udzawononga maulamuliro onse a anthu ndipo udzalamulira dziko lonse lapansi. (Danieli 2:44; Mateyu 6:9, 10) Sudzalamulira kudzera m’magulu andale a anthu. “Ufumu wanga suli wa dziko lino lapansi,” anatero Yesu. (Yohane 17:16; 18:36) Chotero, ophunzira a Yesu, ngakhale kuti ankamvera malamulo, sanaloŵe m’nkhani zandale.

Komabe, podzafika nthaŵi ya Constantine mfumu ya Roma m’zaka za m’ma 300, Akristu ambiri anali atatopa ndi kudikira kubweranso kwa Kristu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ufumu wa Mulungu. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, anasintha kaonedwe kawo ka ndale. Buku lakuti Europe​—A History (Mbiri ya Ulaya) limati: “Nthaŵi ya Constantine isanafike, Akristu sankayesa kupeza mphamvu [zandale] monga njira yopititsira patsogolo zolinga ndi zikhulupiriro zawo. Pambuyo pa Constantine, Chikristu ndi ndale zamafumu zinali ponda apa m’pondepo.” Mwalamulo, Chikristu chomwe chinasinthidwacho chinakhala chipembedzo “cha anthu onse,” m’mawu ena cha “katolika,” mu Ufumu wa Roma.

Buku lamaumboni lotchedwa Great Ages of Man limanena kuti chifukwa cha ukwati umenewu wa Tchalitchi ndi Boma, “podzafika chaka cha  A.D. 385, patangopita zaka 80 zokha kuchokera pamene Akristu ambiri anazunzidwa, Tchalitchi chenichenicho chinayamba kupha anthu osiyana nacho malingaliro, ndipo atsogoleri ake anali ndi mphamvu yolingana pafupifupi ndi ya mafumu.” Kunali kuyambika kwa nyengo pamene lupanga linaloŵa m’malo mwa kuphunzitsa anthu ndi kuwatsimikizira monga njira yowatembenuzira, ndipo atsogoleri achipembezo otchedwa mayina aulemu, okondetsa kukhala ndi ulamuliro analoŵa m’malo mwa alaliki odzichepetsa a m’zaka za m’zana loyamba. (Mateyu 23:9, 10; 28:19, 20) Katswiri wa mbiri yakale H. G. Wells analemba za “kusiyana kwakukulu” pakati pa Chikristu cha m’zaka za m’ma 300 “ndi chiphunzitso cha Yesu wa ku Nazarete.” “Kusiyana kwakukulu” kumeneku kunakhudzanso ziphunzitso zazikulu ponena za Mulungu ndi Kristu.

Kusintha Chithunzi cha Mulungu

Kristu ndi ophunzira ake anali kuphunzitsa kuti pali “Mulungu mmodzi, Atate,” wokhala ndi dzina lakuti Yehova, limene limaonekera nthaŵi 7,000 m’zolembedwa pamanja zoyambirira za Baibulo. (1 Akorinto 8:6; Salmo 83:18) Yesu analengedwa ndi Mulungu; iye “anabadwa padakalibe zolengedwa,” limatero Baibulo la Akatolika lotchedwa Malembo Oyera pa Akolose 1:15. Chotero, pokhala anachita kulengedwa, Yesu ananena mosapita m’mbali kuti: “Atate ali wamkulu ndi Ine.”​—Yohane 14:28.

Koma podzafika m’zaka za m’ma 200, atsogoleri ena amphamvu achipembedzo, pokopeka ndi chiphunzitso cha Utatu cha wafilosofi wachigiriki Plato, munthu wachikunja, iwo anayamba kusintha chithunzi cha Mulungu kuti chigwirizane ndi malongosoledwe a chiphunzitso cha Utatu. M’zaka mazana otsatira, chiphunzitso chimenechi chinatenga Yesu n’kum’linganiza ndi Yehova mosemphana ndi Malemba, n’kupanganso mzimu woyera wa Mulungu, kapena kuti mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito, kukhala munthu.

Ponena za zimene tchalitchi chinachita potenga chiphunzitso chachikunja cha Utatu, buku lamaumboni la New Catholic Encyclopedia limati: “Mawu akuti ‘Mulungu mmodzi mwa Anthu atatu’ anali osadziŵika bwino, tingoti sanali mbali ya moyo wachikristu ndi chikhulupiriro chake, zaka za m’ma 300 zisanathe. Koma ndi mawu ameneŵa kwenikweni amene anayamba kutchedwa kuti chiphunzitso cha Utatu. Pakati pa Abambo Oyambirira, panalibe chilichonse chosonyeza kuti anali ndi malingaliro kapena kaonedwe kameneko m’pang’ono pomwe.”

Chimodzimodzinso, buku la maumboni la The Encyclopedia Americana limati: “Chikhulupiriro cha Utatu m’zaka za m’ma 300 sichinali kusonyeza molongosoka chiphunzitso cha Chikristu choyambirira chokhudza mmene Mulungu alili; kwenikweni, chinapatuka pachiphunzitso chimenechi.” Buku la The Oxford Companion to the Bible limatcha Utatu kukhala “chimodzi mwa ziphunzitso [zingapo] zopeka.” Komano, Utatu si chiphunzitso chachikunja chokhacho chomwe chinatengedwa ndi tchalitchi.

Kusintha Moyo

Lerolino, ochuluka amakhulupirira kuti anthu ali ndi moyo umene siufa thupi likafa. Koma kodi mukudziŵa kuti chiphunzitso chimenechi cha tchalitchi nachonso chinangowonjezedwa panthaŵi inayake? Yesu anagogomeza choonadi cha m’Baibulo chonena kuti akufa “sadziŵa kanthu bi,” kuti ali m’tulo, titero kunena kwake. (Mlaliki 9:5; Yohane 11:11-13) Kubwezeretsedwa kwa moyo kunali chiukiriro​—‘kuimiriranso’ kuchokera m’tulo ta imfa. (Yohane 5:28, 29) Moyo wosakhoza kufa, ukadakhalapo, sukanafunikira chiukiriro, popeza kuti imfa n’njosatheka pa chinthu chosakhoza kufa.

Yesu anasonyezanso chitsanzo cha chiphunzitso cha m’Baibulo cha chiukiriro mwa kuukitsa anthu kwa akufa. Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo cha Lazaro, amene anali atamwalira kwa masiku anayi. Pamene Yesu anamuukitsa, Lazaro anatuluka m’mandamo ali munthu wamoyo, mtima wake ukugunda bwino lomwe. Palibe moyo wosakhoza kufa umene unatsika kumalo a mtendere a kumwamba kudzaloŵanso m’thupi mwake pamene Lazaro anauka kwa akufa. Zikanakhala choncho, kumuukitsa kwa Yesu sikukanakhala kum’komera mtima!​—Yohane 11:39, 43, 44.

Nangano nkhani yonena za moyo wosakhoza kufa inachokera kuti? Buku la The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology limanena kuti lingaliro limenelo “linachokera makamaka ku filosofi yachigiriki, osatitu ku mavumbulutso a m’Baibulo.” Buku la maumboni la The Jewish Encyclopedia limalongosola kuti: “Kukhulupirira kuti moyo umakhalapobe thupi litafa ndi nkhani yongoganizira m’filosofi kapena m’maphunziro a zachipembedzo ndipo si chikhulupiriro choonekeratu, choteronso palibe  pamene Malemba Opatulika amaphunzitsa zimenezo mwachindunji.”

Kaŵirikaŵiri, bodza limodzi limabalanso bodza lina, ndipo n’zimene zachitika ndi chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa. Chinatsegulira njira malingaliro achikunja a kuzunzidwa kwamuyaya m’helo woyaka moto. * Komabe, Baibulo limanena mosabisa kuti “mphoto yake ya uchimo ndi imfa”​—osati kuzunzidwa kwamuyaya. (Aroma 6:23) Chotero, polongosola chiukiriro, Baibulo la King James Version limati: “Nyanja inapereka akufa amene anali momwemo; ndipo imfa ndi helo zinapereka akufa amene anali momwemo.” Chimodzimodzinso, Baibulo la Douay limanena kuti “nyanja . . . ndi imfa ndi helo zinapereka akufa awo.” Chotero, kunena mwachidule, awo amene ali mu helo ndi akufa, “ali m’tulo,” monga momwe Yesu ananenera.​—Chivumbulutso 20:13.

Kodi mumakhulupiriradi kuti chiphunzitso chakuti anthu ena adzalangidwa kwamuyaya m’helo chimapangitsa anthu kukopeka ndi Mulungu? Ayi ndithu. M’malingaliro a anthu olungama ndi achikondi, limenelo ndi lingaliro lonyansa! M’malo mwake, Baibulo limaphunzitsa kuti “Mulungu ndiye chikondi” ndi kutinso Mulungu amadana kwambiri ngakhale ndi kuchitira zinyama nkhanza.​—1 Yohane 4:8; Miyambo 12:10; Yeremiya 7:31; Yona 4:11.

Kuwononga “Chithunzicho” M’nthaŵi Zamakono

Kuwononga chithunzi cha Mulungu ndi Chikristu kukupitirizabe lerolino. Posachedwapa, pulofesa wa zachipembedzo analongosola kulimbana kwa m’tchalitchi chake chachipulotesitanti kukhala kulimbana “pankhani ya ulamuliro wa Malemba ndi ziphunzitso motsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa malingaliro achilendo komanso a anthu, kulimbana pakati pa kukhulupirika kwa tchalitchi kwa Kristu monga Ambuye motsutsana ndi kusintha Chikristu kuti chilole ndiponso chigwirizane ndi mzimu wa m’nyengoyo. Nkhani imene ilipo ndi iyi: Kodi ndani ayenera kutsogoza tchalitchi . . . Malemba Opatulika kapena malingaliro ofala a panthaŵiyo?”

N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti “malingaliro ofala a panthaŵiyo” kaŵirikaŵiri ndi amene amapambanabe. Mwachitsanzo, si zochita kubisa kuti matchalitchi ambiri asintha kachitidwe kawo pankhani zosiyanasiyana pofuna kuoneka kuti n’ngotsogola ndiponso n’ngozindikira. Makamaka pankhani za khalidwe, matchalitchi akhala omasuka kwambiri kuchita nawo makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, monga momwe tatchulira m’nkhani yoyambirira. Komabe, Baibulo limanena molunjika kuti dama, chigololo, ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali machimo aakulu m’maso mwa Mulungu ndi kuti awo amene amachita machimo ameneŵa “sadzaloŵa Ufumu wa Mulungu.”​—1 Akorinto 6:9, 10; Mateyu 5:27-32; Aroma 1:26, 27.

Pamene mtumwi Paulo anali kulemba mawu ogwidwa pamwambawo, dziko lachikhalidwe cha Agiriki ndi Aromalo linali litaloŵerera m’zoipa za mtundu uliwonse. Paulo akanalingalira kuti: ‘N’zoona kuti Mulungu anawononga Sodomu ndi Gomora n’kukhala phulusa chifukwa cha machimo awo aakulu, koma zimenezo zinachitika zaka 2,000 zapitazo! Sitingayenderenso zomwezo m’nyengo ino yachidziŵitso chochuluka.’ Komabe, sanadzikhululukire motero; anakana kupotoza choonadi cha Baibulo.​—Agalatiya 5:19-23.

Yang’anani “Chithunzi” Choyambiriracho

Poyankhula ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo a m’tsiku lake, Yesu ananena kuti kulambira kwawo kunali ‘kwachabe chifukwa chakuti anali kuphunzitsa malangizo a anthu monga ziphunzitso.’ (Mateyu 15:9) Zomwe atsogoleri achipembedzo amenewo anachita ku Chilamulo cha Yehova chomwe anapereka kudzera mwa Mose ndi zofanana ndi zimene atsogoleri achipembedzo m’Matchalitchi Achikristu anachita, ndiponso zimene akuchitabe, ku chiphunzitso cha Kristu​—anathira “penti” wa miyambo ya anthu pa choonadi cha Mulungu. Koma Yesu anasungunula mabodza onsewo pofuna kupindulitsa anthu oona mtima. (Marko 7:7-13) Yesu anayankhula choonadi, kaya chikhale chokondeka ndi anthu kapena ayi. Nthaŵi zonse Mawu a Mulungu ndiwo anali umboni wake.​—Yohane 17:17.

Kwa Akristu ambiri, Yesu akuoneka kuti anali wosiyana kwabasi! Ndithudi, Baibulo linalosera kuti:  “Anthu adzakhala achidwi ndi zinthu zachilendo ndipo adzasonkhanitsa . . . aphunzitsi malinga ndi zowakomera; ndiyeno, m’malo molabadira choonadi, adzamvetsera nthano.” (2 Timoteo 4:3, 4, The Jerusalem Bible) “Nthano” zimenezi, zimene zina za izo takambirana, n’zowononga mwauzimu, pamene choonadi cha Mawu a Mulungu chimamangirira, ndipo chimatsogolera ku moyo wosatha. Chimenechi ndicho choonadi chimene Mboni za Yehova zikukulimbikitsani kufufuza.​—Yohane 4:24; 8:32; 17:3.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/​Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Kumene Dzina Lakuti Mkristu Linachokera

Kwa zaka zosachepera khumi pambuyo pa imfa ya Yesu, otsatira ake ankadziŵika kuti ndi otsata “Njirayo.” (Machitidwe 9:2; 19:9, 23; 22:4) Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti njira yawo ya moyo inazikidwa pa chikhulupiriro mwa Yesu Kristu, amene ali “njira, ndi choonadi, ndi moyo.” (Yohane 14:6) Kenako, cha pambuyo pa 44 C.E., ku Antiokeya wa Suriya, ophunzira a Yesu “anayamba kutchedwa Akristu.” (Machitidwe 11:26) Mofulumira dzina limeneli linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri, ngakhale akuluakulu a boma. (Machitidwe 26:28) Dzina latsopanolo silinasinthe njira ya moyo wachikristu, umene unapitiriza kutsatirabe moyo wa Kristu.​—1 Petro 2:21.

[Zithunzi patsamba 7]

Mwa utumiki wawo wapoyera, Mboni za Yehova zimatsogolera anthu ku Mawu a Mulungu, Baibulo

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 4]

Chithunzi chachitatu kuchokera kulamanzere: United Nations/​Chojambulidwa ndi Saw Lwin