Nsembe Zimene Zinakondweretsa Mulungu

“Mkulu wa ansembe aliyense aikidwa kupereka mitulo, ndiponso nsembe.”​—AHEBRI 8:3.

1. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anthu amamva kuti afunika kutembenukira kwa Mulungu?

“KUPEREKA nsembe kukuoneka kukhala ‘kwachibadwa’ kwa munthu mofanana ndi kupemphera; kupereka nsembe kumasonyeza mmene munthu amadzionera, pamene kupemphera kumasonyeza mmene munthu amaonera Mulungu,” analemba motero katswiri wa Baibulo Alfred Edersheim. Kuchokera pamene uchimo unaloŵa m’dziko lapansi, anthu anayamba kudzimva kukhala amlandu, opatuka kwa Mulungu, ndi osoŵa thandizo. M’pofunika kumasuka ku zopweteka zimenezi. M’posavuta kumvetsa kuti anthu amamva kuti afunika kutembenukira kwa Mulungu kuti awathandize pamene ali mu mkhalidwe wovuta woterowo.​—Aroma 5:12.

2. Kodi ndi nkhani zotani za nsembe zoyambirira kuperekedwa kwa Mulungu zimene timapeza m’Baibulo?

² Nkhani yoyambirira m’Baibulo ya nsembe zoperekedwa kwa Mulungu n’njonena za Kaini ndi Abele. Timaŵerenga kuti: “Panali atapita masiku, Kaini anatenga zipatso za nthaka, nsembe ya kwa Yehova. Ndiponso Abele anatenga mwana woyamba wa nkhosa zake ndi mafuta omwe.” (Genesis 4:3, 4) Kenaka, timapeza kuti Nowa, amene anapulumutsidwa ndi Mulungu pa Chigumula chachikulu chimene chinawononga mbadwo woipa wa m’masiku ake, anasonkhezeredwa ‘kupereka nsembe zopsereza paguwa’ kwa Yehova. (Genesis 8:20) Panthaŵi zochuluka, mtumiki wokhulupirika wa Mulungu ndiponso bwenzi lake Abrahamu, mosonkhezeredwa ndi malonjezo a Mulungu ndi madalitso ake, ‘anamanga guwa la nsembe naitanira dzina la Yehova.’ (Genesis 12:8; 13:3, 4, 18) Pambuyo pake, Abrahamu anakumana ndi chiyeso chachikulu kwambiri cha chikhulupiriro chake pamene Yehova anamuuza kuti apereke mwana wake Isake kukhala nsembe yopsereza. (Genesis 22:1-14) Ngakhale kuti nkhani zimenezi n’zazifupi, zimatiuza zinthu zochuluka pa nkhani ya kupereka nsembe, monga mmene tidzaonera.

3. Kodi nsembe zili ndi ntchito yanji polambira?

³ Kuchokera m’nkhani zimenezi komanso nkhani zina za m’Baibulo, n’kwachionekere kuti kupereka mtundu winawake wa nsembe kunali mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kulambira kalekale kwambiri Yehova asanapereke malamulo achindunji onena za zimenezi. Mogwirizana ndi zimenezo, buku lina la maumboni limamasulira mawu akuti “nsembe” kukhala “mwambo wachipembedzo mmene chinthu china chimaperekedwa kwa mulungu kuti akhazikitse, asunge, kapena abwezeretse unansi wabwino wa munthu ndi chinthu chopatulika.” Koma zimenezi zimabweretsa mafunso ofunika oti tiwalingalire mosamalitsa, mafunso monga: Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani nsembe imafunika polambira? Kodi Mulungu amalola nsembe zotani? Ndipo kodi nsembe zakale zili ndi tanthauzo lotani kwa ife lerolino?

Kodi N’chifukwa Chiyani Nsembe Imafunika?

4. Kodi chinatsatira n’chiyani kwa Adamu ndi Hava pamene anachimwa?

⁴ Pamene Adamu anachimwa, anachimwa mwadala.  Anali kudziŵa kuti akuchita zinthu zosamvera potenga ndi kudya chipatso cha mtengo wodziŵitsa zabwino ndi zoipa. Chilango cha kuchita zinthu zosamvera zimenezo chinali imfa, monga mmene Mulungu ananenera momveka bwino kuti: “Tsiku lomwe udzadya umenewo udzafa ndithu.” (Genesis 2:17) M’kupita kwa nthaŵi Adamu ndi Hava anatuta mphoto ya uchimo, anafa.​—Genesis 3:19; 5:3-5.

5. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani Yehova anayamba ndiye kuchitapo kanthu m’malo mwa ana a Adamu, ndipo kodi n’chiyani chimene Iye anawachitira?

⁵ Nanga bwanji za ana a Adamu? Pokhala atalandira uchimo ndi kupanda ungwiro kuchokera kwa Adamu, iwonso ndi opatuka kwa Mulungu, opanda chiyembekezo, ndiponso amafa mofanana ndi mmene anthu aŵiri oyambirirawo analili. (Aroma 5:14) Komabe, Yehova sali Mulungu wa chilungamo ndi mphamvu zokha komanso, ndithudi kumbali yaikulu, ali wachikondi. (1 Yohane 4:8, 16) Motero, iye ndiye amayamba kuchitapo kanthu kuti apoletse vutolo. Baibulo litanena kuti “mphoto yake ya uchimo ndi imfa,” limanenanso kuti, “koma mphatso yaulere ya Mulungu ndiyo moyo wosatha wa mwa Kristu Yesu Ambuye wathu.”​—Aroma 6:23.

6. Kodi chifuno cha Yehova n’chotani pa zimene tchimo la Adamu linawononga?

⁶ Zimene Yehova Mulungu pomalizira pake anachita kuti atsimikize za mphatso imeneyo zinali kupereka chinthu chimene chikaphimba zimene zinatayidwa chifukwa cha kuchimwa kwa Adamu. M’Chihebri, mawu akuti ka·pharʹ mwina poyambapo anali kutanthauza kuti “phimba” kapena mwinanso kuti “pukuta,” ndipo amatembenuzidwanso kuti “chotetezera.” * M’mawu ena, Yehova anapereka njira yoyenerera yophimbira tchimo limene tinalandira kuchokera kwa Adamu napukuta zowonongeka zimene zinabwerapo kotero kuti amene ayenera mphatso imeneyo akathe kumasulidwa ku chiweruzo cha uchimo ndi imfa.​—Aroma 8:21.

7. (a) Kodi ndi chiyembekezo chotani chimene chinaperekedwa mwa chiweruzo chimene Mulungu anapatsa Satana? (b) Kodi ndi mtengo wotani umene uyenera kulipidwa kuti anthu amasulidwe ku uchimo ndi imfa?

⁷ Chiyembekezo chomasulidwa ku ukapolo wa uchimo ndi imfa chinasonyezedwa anthu aŵiri oyambawo atangochimwa kumene. Poweruza Satana, amene anali kuimiriridwa ndi njoka, Yehova anati: “Ndidzaika udani pakati pa iwe ndi mkaziyo, ndi pakati pa mbewu yako ndi mbewu yake; ndipo idzalalira [“idzanzunzunda,” NW] mutu wako, ndipo iwe udzalalira [“udzanzunzunda,” NW] chitende chake.” (Genesis 3:15) Mwa mawu aulosi amenewo, kuwala kwa chiyembekezo kunaonekera kwa onse amene akakhulupirira lonjezo limenelo. Komano, pali mtengo wofunika kulipira chifukwa cha kumasulidwa kumeneko. Mbewu yolonjezedwayo sikangobwera ndi kuwononga Satana; Mbewuyo iyenera kunzunzundidwa chitende, ndiko kuti, iyenera kufa, ngakhale kuti sidzaferatu.

8. (a) Kodi Kaini anakhala wokhumudwitsa motani? (b) Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani nsembe ya Abele inaloledwa pamaso pa Mulungu?

⁸ Mosakayikira Adamu ndi Hava anali kuganizira kwambiri za mmene angadziŵire Mbewu yolonjezedwayo. Pamene Hava anabala mwana wake woyamba, Kaini, anafuula kuti: “Ndalandira munthu kwa Yehova.” (Genesis 4:1) Kodi mwina anali kuganiza kuti mwana wakeyo adzakhala Mbewuyo? Kaya anali kuganiza tero kapena ayi, Kaini, komanso nsembe yake, anawakhumudwitsa. Mosiyana naye, mbale wake Abele anasonyeza chikhulupiriro mu lonjezo la Mulungu ndipo anasonkhezeredwa kupereka kwa Yehova nsembe ya mwana woyamba wa nkhosa zake. Timaŵerenga kuti: “Ndi chikhulupiriro Abele anapereka kwa Mulungu nsembe yoposa ija ya Kaini, amene anachitidwa umboni nayo kuti anali wolungama.”​—Ahebri 11:4.

9. (a) Kodi Abele anali kukhulupirira chiyani, ndipo anasonyeza motani zimenezi? (b) Kodi nsembe ya Abele inakwaniritsanji?

⁹ Chikhulupiriro cha Abele sichinali kungokhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, chikhulupiriro chimene Kaini anali nachonso. Abele anali ndi chikhulupiriro mu lonjezo la Mulungu la Mbewu kuti idzapulumutsa anthu okhulupirika. Iye sanauzidwe kuti zimenezo zidzachitika motani, koma lonjezo la Mulungu linapangitsa Abele kuzindikira kuti winawake adzafunika kunzunzundidwa chitende. Ndithudi, iye mwachionekere anafika poganiza kuti mwazi udzafunika kukhetsedwa, lingaliro lenilenilo la nsembe.  Abele anapereka kwa Gwero la moyo nsembe imene inaphatikizapo moyo ndi mwazi, mwachionekere anaipereka monga chizindikiro chakuti anali kulakalaka kwambiri lonjezo la Yehova ndi kuti anali kuliyembekeza kuti likwaniritsidwe. Kusonyeza chikhulupiriro kumeneku ndi kumene kunachititsa nsembe ya Abele kukondweretsa Yehova, ndipo pa mlingo wochepa, kunaonetsa chimene nsembe iyenera kukhala​—njira ya anthu ochimwa yofikira kwa Mulungu kuti awayanje.​—Genesis 4:4; Ahebri 11:1, 6.

10. Kodi tanthauzo la nsembe linaoneka bwino motani pamene Yehova anafunsa Abrahamu kupereka nsembe Isake?

¹⁰ Tanthauzo lalikulu la nsembe linaoneka bwino kwambiri pamene Yehova analamula Abrahamu kupereka mwana wake Isake nsembe yopsereza. Ngakhale kuti nsembe imeneyo sinaperekedwedi choncho, iyo inasonyeza zimene Yehova mwiniyo adzachita m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, kupereka Mwana wake wobadwa yekha kukhala nsembe yaikulu pazonse kuti akwaniritse chifuno Chake pa mtundu wa anthu. (Yohane 3:16) Ndi nsembe komanso zopereka za m’Chilamulo cha Mose, Yehova anayala dongosolo laulosi kuti aphunzitse anthu ake osankhika zimene ayenera kuchita kuti machimo awo akhululukidwe ndiponso kuti alimbitse chiyembekezo chawo cha kupulumuka. Kodi zimenezi zingatiphunzitse chiyani?

Nsembe Zimene Yehova Amazilola

11. Kodi ndi magulu aŵiri ati a zopereka amene anali kuperekedwa ndi mkulu wa ansembe wa Israyeli, ndipo pachifukwa chanji?

¹¹ “Mkulu wa ansembe aliyense aikidwa kupereka mitulo, ndiponso nsembe,” anatero mtumwi Paulo. (Ahebri 8:3) Onani kuti Paulo anagaŵa m’magulu aŵiri zopereka za mkulu wa ansembe wa Israyeli wakale, ndizo “mitulo” ndi “nsembe,” kapena kuti ‘nsembe chifukwa cha machimo.’ (Ahebri 5:1) Kaŵirikaŵiri anthu amapatsa anzawo mitulo posonyeza chikondi ndi kuyamikira, ndiponso kuti akulitse ubwenzi wawo, kuti ayanjidwe, kapena kulandiridwa. (Genesis 32:20; Miyambo 18:16) Mofananamo, tingaone kuti zopereka zambiri zotchulidwa m’Chilamulo zinali ngati “mitulo” kwa Mulungu pofunafuna kuti awalandire ndi kuwayanja. * Kuchimwira Chilamulo kunafuna kubwezera, ndipo kuti akonze zolakwazo, ‘nsembe chifukwa cha machimo’ zinali kuperekedwa. Pentatuke, makamaka mabuku a Eksodo, Levitiko, ndi Numeri, ili ndi nkhani zochuluka zokhudza nsembe ndi zopereka zosiyanasiyana. Pamene kuli kwakuti kungakhale kovuta kwambiri kuti tiloŵetse m’mutu ndi kumakumbukira tsatanetsatane wake yense, mfundo zina zikuluzikulu zokhudza nsembe zosiyanasiyanazo n’zofunika kuti tizilingalire.

12. Kodi ndi pati m’Baibulo pamene nsembe, kapena zopereka, m’Chilamulo zikulongosoledwa mwachidule?

¹² Tingaone kuti mu Levitiko chaputala 1 mpaka 7, mitundu isanu ikuluikulu ya zopereka​—nsembe yopsereza, nsembe yaufa, nsembe yoyamika, nsembe yauchimo, ndi nsembe yopalamula​—ikulongosoledwa uliwonse pawokha, ngakhale kuti ina mwa iyo inali kuperekedwa pamodzi. Tingaonenso kuti zopereka zimenezi zikulongosoledwa kaŵiri m’machaputala ameneŵa, ndi zolinga zosiyana; koyamba, mu Levitiko 1:2 mpaka 6:7, kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane zimene zinafunika kuperekedwa pa guwa la nsembe, ndipo kachiŵiri, mu Levitiko 6:8 mpaka 7:36, kufotokoza mbali zimene zinali kuikidwa padera kaamba ka ansembe ndi zimene zinali kusungidwira wopereka nsembeyo. Ndiyeno, mu Numeri chaputala 28 ndi 29, timapezamo zimene tingatche kuti ndondomeko ya zonse, yolongosola chimene chinafunika kuperekedwa tsiku lililonse, mlungu uliwonse, mwezi uliwonse, ndi pa madyerero a pachaka.

13. Longosolani zopereka zimene zinali kuperekedwa mwaufulu monga mitulo kwa Mulungu.

¹³ Mwa zoperekedwa mwaufulu monga mitulo kapena  monga njira yofikira kwa Mulungu kuti apeze chiyanjo chake panali nsembe zopsereza, nsembe zaufa, ndi nsembe zoyamika. Akatswiri ena a Baibulo amati mawu a Chihebri otanthauza “nsembe yopsereza” amatanthauza kuti “nsembe youlukira kumwamba” kapena kuti “nsembe yokwera m’mwamba.” Zimenezi zikuyenerera chifukwa popereka nsembe yopsereza, nyama yophedwayo inali kuwotchedwa pa guwa la nsembe ndipo fungo lokondweretsa, kapena kuti lokoma, linali kukwera kumwamba kwa Mulungu. Chinthu chapadera ndi nsembe yopsereza chinali chakuti mwazi wake utawazidwa kuzungulira guwa la nsembe, nyamayo inali kuperekedwa yonse kwa Mulungu. Ansembe anali ‘kutentha zonse pa guwa la nsembe, zikhale nsembe yopsereza, nsembe yamoto, ya fungo lokoma la kwa Yehova.’​—Levitiko 1:3, 4, 9; Genesis 8:21.

14. Kodi nsembe yaufa inali kuperekedwa motani?

¹⁴ Nsembe yaufa ikulongosoledwa mu Levitiko chaputala 2. Inali chopereka chaufulu cha ufa, umene kaŵirikaŵiri unali kufeŵetsedwa ndi mafuta, naphatikizako libano. “[Wansembe] natengeko ufa, ndi mafuta odzala manja, ndi libano wake wonse; ndipo wansembeyo aitenthe chikumbutso chake pa guwa la nsembe, ndiyo nsembe yamoto, ya fungo lokoma la kwa Yehova.” (Levitiko 2:2) Libano linali chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene anali kusakaniza popanga chofukiza chopatulika chimene anali kufukiza pa guwa la nsembe lofukizapo m’chihema ndi m’kachisi. (Eksodo 30:34-36) Ndithudi Mfumu Davide anali kuganiza za zimenezi pamene anati: “Pemphero langa liikike ngati chofukiza pamaso anu; kukweza manja anga kuikike ngati nsembe ya madzulo.”​—Salmo 141:2.

15. Kodi nsembe yoyamika cholinga chake chinali chiyani?

¹⁵ Chopereka china chaufulu chinali nsembe yoyamika, imene yalongosoledwa mu Levitiko chaputala 3. Dzinali lingatembenuzidwenso kuti “nsembe ya zopereka za mtendere.” M’Chihebri, mawu akuti “mtendere” amatanthauza zoposa kungokhala kopanda nkhondo kapena zosokoneza zina. “Mu Baibulo, amatanthauza zimenezi, ndiponso mkhalidwe kapena unansi wa mtendere ndi Mulungu, kupeza bwino, chimwemwe, ndi chisangalalo,” limatero buku lotchedwa Studies in the Mosaic Institutions. Motero, nsembe zoyamika zinali kuperekedwa, osati pofunafuna mtendere ndi Mulungu, monga ngati kumutonthoza mtima, koma  posonyeza kuyamikira kapena kukondwerera mkhalidwe wodalitsika wokhala pamtendere ndi Mulungu umene awo amene iye anawavomereza anali kusangalala nawo. Ansembe ndiponso wopereka nsembeyo anali kudya nyama ya nsembeyo pambuyo popereka mwazi ndi mafuta kwa Yehova. (Levitiko 3:17; 7:16-21; 19:5-8) Mwa njira yokondweretsa ndi yophiphiritsa, wopereka nsembeyo, ansembe ndiponso Yehova Mulungu anali kudyera pamodzi, kusonyeza unansi wamtendere umene unali pakati pawo.

16. (a) Kodi nsembe yauchimo ndi nsembe yopalamula cholinga chake chinali chiyani? (b) Kodi nsembe zimenezi zinasiyana bwanji ndi nsembe yopsereza?

¹⁶ Nsembe zimene zinali kuperekedwa pofuna kukhululukidwa machimo kapena kutetezera kuchimwira Chilamulo zinaphatikizapo nsembe yauchimo ndi nsembe yopalamula. Ngakhale kuti nsembe zimenezi nazonso zinali kuphatikizapo kupsereza pa guwa la nsembe, zinali kusiyana ndi nsembe yopsereza popeza kuti sanali kupereka nyama yonseyo kwa Mulungu, mafuta ndi mbali zina chabe n’zimene zinali kuperekedwa. Nyama inayonse yotsala inali kutayidwa kunja kwa msasa kapena inali kudyedwa ndi ansembe nthaŵi zina. Kusiyana kumeneku kuli n’tanthauzo. Nsembe yopsereza inali kuperekedwa monga mtulo kwa Mulungu kulola kumufikira iye, motero inali kuperekedwa kwa Mulungu mosasiyako ndiponso yathunthu. Ndipotu, nsembe yopsereza kaŵirikaŵiri inali kuperekedwa pambuyo popereka nsembe yauchimo kapena nsembe yopalamula, kuonetsa kuti ngati mtulo wa munthu wochimwa unati ulandiridwe ndi Mulungu, kukhululukidwa machimo kunali kufunika.​—Levitiko 8:14, 18; 9:2, 3; 16:3, 5.

17, 18. Kodi nsembe yauchimo inali kuperekedwa pachifukwa chanji, nanga nsembe yopalamula chifuno chake chinali chotani?

¹⁷ Nsembe yauchimo inali kulandiridwa pa tchimo lokha lochitika mwangozi kuchimwira Chilamulo, tchimo lochitika chifukwa cha kufooka kwa thupi. “Munthu akachimwa, osati dala, pa china cha zinthu zilizonse aziletsa Mulungu,” munthu wochimwayo anali kufunika kupereka nsembe yauchimo mogwirizana ndi udindo wake, kapena mbiri yake, m’deralo. (Levitiko 4:2, 3, 22, 27) Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ochimwa osalapa anali kusadzidwa; panalibe nsembe imene iwo akanapereka.​—Eksodo 21:12-15; Levitiko 17:10; 20:2, 6, 10; Numeri 15:30; Ahebri 2:2.

¹⁸ Tanthauzo ndi cholinga cha nsembe yopalamula zikulongosoledwa momveka bwino mu Levitiko chaputala 5 ndi 6. Munthu ankatha kuchimwa osati mwadala. Komabe, pochimwapo angakhale atalakwira ufulu wa anthu anzake kapenanso Yehova Mulungu, ndipo cholakwa chimenecho chinafunika kukhutiritsidwa kapena kukonzedwa. Pakutchulidwa magulu ambirimbiri a machimo. Ena anali machimo a munthuyo (5:2-6), ena anali machimo pa “zopatulika za Yehova” (5:14-16), ndipo ena, ngakhale kuti sanali kuchitidwa mosadziŵa kwenikweni, anali machimo amene anachitidwa chifukwa cha zokhumba zolakwika kapena kufooka kwa thupi (6:1-3). Kuwonjezera pa kuulula machimo oterowo, wochimwayo anali kufunika kubwezera zinthuzo pamene kunali kofunika kutero ndiyeno n’kupereka nsembe yopalamula kwa Yehova.​—Levitiko 6:4-7.

Chinachake Chabwino Chimene Chidzabwera

19. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi Chilamulo limodzi ndi nsembe zake, kodi n’chifukwa chiyani Israyeli analephera kuyanjidwa ndi Mulungu?

¹⁹ Chilamulo cha Mose, limodzi ndi nsembe komanso zopereka zake zambirimbirizo, chinaperekedwa kwa Aisrayeli kuti iwo athe kufikira Mulungu ndi kuti apeze ndi kukhala ndi chiyanjo chake ndiponso madalitso ake mpaka Mbewu yolonjezedwayo itafika. Mtumwi Paulo, mbadwa yachiyuda, ananena motere: “Chilamulo chidakhala namkungwi wathu wakutifikitsa kwa Kristu, kuti tikayesedwe  olungama ndi chikhulupiriro.” (Agalatiya 3:24) N’zachisoni kuti Israyeli monga mtundu sunamvere namkungwi ameneyo koma unagwiritsa ntchito molakwa mwayi umenewo. Choncho, nsembe zawo zochulukazo zinali zonyansa kwa Yehova, amene anati: “Ndakhuta nazo nsembe zopsereza za nkhosa zamphongo ndi mafuta a nyama zonenepa; sindisekera ndi mwazi wa ng’ombe zamphongo, ngakhale wa ana a nkhosa, ngakhale wa atonde.”​—Yesaya 1:11.

20. Kodi n’chiyani chimene chinachitikira Chilamulo ndi nsembe zake mu 70 C.E.?

²⁰ Mu 70 C.E., dongosolo la zinthu lachiyuda linatha pamodzi ndi kachisi ndi ansembe ake. Kuchokera panthaŵiyo, nsembe zoperekedwa m’njira imene inafotokozedwa m’Chilamulo zinali zosatheka. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti nsembe, monga mbali yofunika ya Chilamulo, tsopano zilibe tanthauzo lililonse kwa olambira Mulungu masiku ano? Tidzaona zimenezi m’nkhani yotsatira.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

Kodi Mungafotokoze?

• Kodi n’chiyani chinachititsa amuna okhulupirika akale kuti apereke nsembe kwa Yehova?

• N’chifukwa chiyani nsembe zinali zofunika?

• Kodi ndi nsembe zikuluzikulu ziti zimene zinali kuperekedwa m’Chilamulo, ndipo cholinga chake chinali chotani?

• Malinga n’kunena kwa Paulo, kodi cholinga chachikulu cha Chilamulo ndi nsembe zake chinali chiyani?

[Mafunso]

[Chithunzi patsamba 14]

Nsembe ya Abele inali yokondweretsa chifukwa inaonetsa chikhulupiriro chake m’malonjezo a Yehova

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Kodi mumazindikira tanthauzo la chochitika ichi?