Nkhani Yosautsa ya Kusiyana kwa Magulu a Anthu

“N’KUTHEKA KUTI KUKHALA MOFANANA NDIKO UFULU WA MUNTHU ALIYENSE, KOMA PALIBE BOMA PADZIKO LAPANSI PANO LOMWE LINGAKWANIRITSE UFULU UMENEWU.”

Anatero wolemba mabuku wina wa m’zaka za m’ma 1800, Honoré de Balzac. Kodi mukuvomerezana naye? Anthu ambiri mwachibadwa amaona kuti kusiyana kwa magulu a anthu n’kosayenera. Komabe, ngakhale m’zaka zino za m’ma 2000, anthu akugaŵikanabe m’magulu ambirimbiri.

CALVIN COOLIDGE yemwe anali pulezidenti wa dziko la United States kuchokera mu 1923 mpaka 1929 anali ndi nkhaŵa ndi vuto limeneli la kusiyana kwa magulu a anthu ndipo ankanena kuti n’kofunika “kuthetseratu magulu onse a anthu apamwamba.” Komabe, patapita zaka 40 Coolidge atasiya kulamulira, bungwe la Kerner Commission lomwe analikhazikitsa kuti lifufuze nkhani zokhudza mitundu ya anthu, linanena kuti lili ndi nkhaŵa kuti dziko la United States, zivute zitani, lidzagaŵikana m’magulu aŵiri. “Gulu lina lidzakhala la anthu akuda ndipo linalo la azungu. Gulu lililonse lidzakhala palokha ndipo silidzafanana ndi linzake.” Anthu ena akunena kuti zomwe bungwelo linalosera zayamba kale kuoneka ndipo “kusiyana kwa anthu chifukwa cha chuma ndiponso mtundu kukukula” m’dzikolo.

N’chifukwa chiyani kukwaniritsa mfundo yakuti anthu onse akhale ofanana kuli kovuta kwambiri chonchi? Vuto lalikulu ndi chibadwa cha anthufe. William Randolph Hearst yemwe kale anali phungu wa nyumba ya malamulo ku United States, nthaŵi ina anati: “Anthu tonse anatilenga ofanana pa chinthu chimodzi, ndipo chinthu chimenecho ndicho kufuna kukhala wosiyana.” Kodi iye ankatanthauza chiyani? Mwinamwake Mfalansa wazisudzo wa m’zaka za m’ma 1800, Henry Becque, ndiye ananena mfundoyi momveka bwino. Iye anati: “Chomwe chimalepheretsa kukwaniritsa mfundo yoti anthu azifanana, n’chakuti anthufe timangofuna kukhala wofanana ndi amene ali pamwamba.” M’mawu ena tinganene kuti, anthu amangofuna kufanana ndi amene ali ndi maudindo apamwamba. Komabe, ndi anthu ochepa amene angalolere kuchepetsa mwayi umene ali nawo n’cholinga choti afanane ndi anthu amene ali pansi pawo.

Kalelo, mogwirizana ndi boma lomwe olamulira ake ankachokera m’banja la anthu apamwamba okha, anthu ankabadwa ali m’gulu la anthu wamba kapena m’banja lolamulira. Zimenezo zikuchitikabe m’madera ena oŵerengeka. Komabe, m’mayiko ambiri lerolino chuma kapena umphaŵi ndizo zimasiyanitsa anthu kuti ena akhale otsika, ena apakatikati, ndi ena apamwamba. Komanso, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimasiyanitsa anthu. Zimenezi ndi zinthu monga mtundu, maphunziro, ndiponso kudziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga. M’mayiko ena anthu amasankhana chifukwa chakuti wina ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi.  Ndipo m’mayiko ameneŵa, akazi amawaona monga gulu la anthu otsika.

Kodi Tingayembekezere Kuti Zidzasintha?

Malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu athandiza kuchepetsa mphamvu zina zomwe zimachititsa anthu kukhala osiyana. Ku United States, malamulo oletsa kusankhana anawakhazikitsa. Tsankho analithetsa ku South Africa. Ukapolo, ngakhale kuti ukadalipobe, n’ngosaloleka mwalamulo m’mayiko ambiri. Zomwe makhoti akhala akugamula zachititsa anthu wamba kukhala ndi ufulu wokhala ndi malo. Ndiponso malamulo oletsa kusankhana athandiza kwambiri anthu osoŵa.

Kodi zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti kusiyana kwa magulu a anthu kwatha? Ayi. Ngakhale kuti tsopano zinthu zina zomwe zimachititsa anthu kukhala osiyana akuzithetsa mphamvu, kusiyana kwatsopano kwayamba kuoneka. Buku lakuti Class Warfare in the Information Age limanena kuti: “Masiku ano kusiyanitsa anthu kuti ena ndi apamwamba ndipo ena ndi anthu wamba, kukuoneka kukhala kosayenera. Koma zatero chifukwa chakuti magulu aŵiri ameneŵa, apanga timagulu tina ting’onoting’ono ta anthu aukali kwambiri.”

Kodi kusiyana kwa magulu a anthu kudzapitirizabe kugaŵanitsa anthu? Eya, monga momwe nkhani yotsatirayi isonyezere, tingayembekezere zabwino m’tsogolo.