Bibiliya ivuga iki ku bijanye no gutanga ikigiracumi?
Inyishu Bibiliya itanga
Mu ntererano Abisirayeli ba kera batanga zo gushigikira ugusenga kw’ukuri, harimwo ikigiracumi, a ni ukuvuga ic’icumi c’ivyo baba baronse mu mwaka. Imana yababwiye iti: “Ukwiye ata kabuza gutanga ic’icumi [“ikigiracumi,” Bibiliya Yera] c’umwimbu wose w’imbuto yawe, urya uva mu murima umwaka ku mwaka.”—Gusubira mu vyagezwe 14:22.
Ibwirizwa ryo gutanga ikigiracumi ryari muri ya mategeko Imana yaha Abisirayeli ba kera, ayakunze kwitwa Itegeko rya Musa. Kubera ko abakirisu batagengwa n’Itegeko rya Musa, ntibasabwa gutanga ikigiracumi. (Abakolosayi 2:13, 14) Ahubwo nyabuna, umukirisu wese atanga intererano z’amahera “nk’uko yavyiyemeje mu mutima wiwe, atabigiranye umwikomo canke ngo abigire agoberewe, kuko Imana ikunda uwutangana akamwemwe.”—2 Abakorinto 9:7.
Ikigiracumi mw’Isezerano rya kera
Ikigiracumi kiravugwa akatari gake mu gice ca Bibiliya gikunzwe kwitwa Isezerano rya kera. Kivugwa cane muri rya Tegeko rya Musa. Ariko hariho ahantu habiri kivugwa imbere y’uko iryo tegeko ritangwa.
Imbere y’Itegeko rya Musa
Umuntu wa mbere avugwa muri Bibiliya ko yatanze ikigiracumi ni Aburamu (ari we Aburahamu). (Itanguriro 14:18-20; Abaheburayo 7:4) Biboneka ko ico kigiracumi Aburahamu yagitanze rimwe rizima, agihaye umwami akaba n’umuherezi wa Salemu. Nta kintu na kimwe muri Bibiliya cerekana ko Aburahamu canke abana biwe basubiriye gutanga ikigiracumi.
Umuntu agira kabiri avugwa muri Bibiliya ko yatanze ikigiracumi ni Yakobo umwuzukuru wa Aburahamu. Yasezeraniye Imana ko niyamuhezagira, azoyiha “ic’icumi” c’ikintu cose azoronka. (Itanguriro 28:20-22) Nk’uko abahinga bamwebamwe mu vya Bibiliya bavyerekana, mu gutanga ico kigiracumi Yakobo ashobora kuba yatanga ibimazi vy’ibitungwa. Naho Yakobo yashikije iryo sezerano mu gutanga ico kigiracumi, ntiyategetse umuryango wiwe kugitanga.
Mu gihe c’Itegeko rya Musa
Abisirayeli ba kera bategekwa gutanga ikigiracumi kugira bashigikire ibikorwa bijanye no gusenga.
Ikigiracumi caratuma Abalewi n’abaherezi bakorera ku rusengero baronka ikibabeshaho, narirya batagira amatongo yo kurima. (Guharūra 18:20, 21) Abalewi batari abaherezi bararonka ikigiracumi kivuye mu bantu maze na bo bagaca baha abaherezi “ic’icumi caco.”—Guharūra 18:26-29.
Biboneka ko buri mwaka Abisirayeli bategerezwa gushira ku ruhande ikindi kigiracumi kigira kabiri. Ico kigiracumi cari kigenewe Abalewi n’abandi Bisirayeli. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 14:22, 23) Imiryango y’Abisirayeli yaracikorako mu biringo vy’imisi mikuru idasanzwe, kandi mu myaka imwimwe baragifashisha aboro.—Gusubira mu vyagezwe 14:28, 29; 26:12.
Ikigiracumi bagiharura gute? Abisirayeli bashira ku ruhande ikigiracumi c’ibintu vyose baba bimbuye mu mwaka. (Abalewi 27:30) Uwahitamwo gutanga amahera aho gutanga ivyimburwa, yaca yongerako ibice 20 kw’ijana. (Abalewi 27:31) Bategekwa kandi gutanga “ic’icumi . . . c’ubusho n’umukuku.”—Abalewi 27:32.
Kugira Abisirayeli bamenye ic’icumi c’umukuku wabo, batora igitungwa cose kigira cumi kivuye mu ruhongore. Itegeko ryarabuza gusuzuma canke gukaba ibitungwa baba batoye, eka kandi ntibashobora kubikaba amahera. (Abalewi 27:32, 33) Ariko ic’icumi kigira kabiri cakoreshwa ku misi mikuru yahimbazwa buri mwaka carashobora gutangwa mu buryo bw’amahera. Ivyo vyaca vyorohera Abisirayeli bategerezwa kugira ingendo ndende kugira baje guhimbaza iyo misi mikuru.—Gusubira mu vyagezwe 14:25, 26.
Abisirayeli batanga ikigiracumi ryari? Abisirayeli batanga ikigiracumi buri mwaka. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 14:22) Ariko ku mwaka ugira indwi nta kigiracumi batanga. Uwo mwaka waba ari isabato, ni ukuvuga umwaka w’akaruhuko. Abisirayeli ntibarima. (Abalewi 25:4, 5) Ku bw’ivyo, mu kiringo c’iyimbura nta kigiracumi batanga. Buri mwaka ugira gatatu n’uwugira gatandatu mu myaka indwi ishikana ku mwaka w’Isabato, Abisirayeli barasangira n’aboro hamwe n’Abalewi ca kigiracumi kigira kabiri.—Gusubira mu vyagezwe 14:28, 29.
Uwutatanga ikigiracumi yahanwa gute? Itegeko rya Musa ntiryategekanya igihano ku bw’umuntu atatanga ikigiracumi. Ntibatanga ikigiracumi kubera gutinya igihano, ahubwo bagitanga kubera bazi ko ari vyo bibereye. Abisirayeli baremeza imbere y’Imana ko batanze ikigiracumi maze bakayisaba ngo ibahezagire. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 26:12-15) Umuntu adatanze ikigiracumi Imana yabona ko yayivye.—Malaki 3:8, 9.
Gutanga ikigiracumi woba wari umuzigo? Oya. Imana yasezeraniye Abisirayeli ko batanze ikigiracumi, yobacuncuburiyeko imihezagiro ku buryo ata na kimwe bakena. (Malaki 3:10) Ku rundi ruhande, Abisirayeli badatanze ikigiracumi barahabonera. Imana ntiyabahezagira kandi Abalewi n’abaherezi baca bigira mu bindi bikorwa vyabo, bagaheba ibikorwa vyo ku rusengero kandi vyari bigenewe gufasha iryo hanga ryose kwiyegereza Imana.—Nehemiya 13:10; Malaki 3:7.
Ikigiracumi mw’Isezerano rishasha
Igihe Yezu yari kw’isi, abasavyi b’Imana bari bagisabwa gutanga ikigiracumi. Ariko ivyo vyaciye bihagarara inyuma y’aho apfiriye.
Mu gihe ca Yezu
Muri ca gice ca Bibiliya gikunze kwitwa Isezerano rishasha, harerekana ko igihe Yezu yari kw’isi Abisirayeli bari bakibandanya gutanga ikigiracumi. Yezu yariyemereye ko gutanga ikigiracumi ryari itegeko. Ariko yaraneguye indongozi z’idini zatanga ikigiracumi zivyitondeye ariko “[zikirengagiza] ibihambaye kuruta vyo mw’Itegeko, ari vyo butungane n’imbabazi n’ubwizigirwa.”—Matayo 23:23.
Inyuma y’urupfu rwa Yezu
Inyuma y’aho Yezu apfiriye, ivyo gutanga ikigiracumi ntivyari bigisabwa. Urupfu rwa Yezu rwatumye rya Tegeko rya Musa rihagarara, ushizemwo n’“ibwirizwa ryo kwegeranya ivy’icumi.”—Abaheburayo 7:5, 18; Abanyefeso 2:13-15; Abakolosayi 2:13, 14.
a Ikigiracumi ni “ic’icumi c’ivyo umuntu yaronse, kikaba kigenewe gukoreshwa mu kintu kanaka. . . . Akenshi ikigiracumi kivugwa muri Bibiliya gifitaniye isano n’ivy’idini.”—Harper’s Bible Dictionary, urupapuro rwa 765.