“Tuzorya iki?”

IBIJANYE n’ibifungurwa be n’ibinyobwa ni ibintu vyakunda kuvugwa mu kiringo c’ubusuku bwa Yezu. Igitangaro ca mbere yakoze cari ico guhindura amazi aba umuvinyu, kandi mu biringo bibiri yaragaburiye amasinzi y’abantu akoresheje imikate mikeyi be n’udufi dukeyi. (Matayo 16:7-10; Yohani 2:3-11) Ntivyari bizwi gusa ko Yezu yasangira n’aboro ariko kandi vyari bizwi ko yasangira amazimano n’abatunzi. Nkako, abansi ba Yezu bamwagirije ngo ni umukunzi w’inda akaba n’imborerwa. (Matayo 11:18, 19) Mu vy’ukuri, Yezu ntiyari umukunzi w’inda canke ngo abe imborerwa. Ariko rero, yari azi ko ibifungurwa be n’ibinyobwa vyari ibintu nyamukuru biraje ishinga abantu, kandi yarakoresheje ivyo bintu abigiranye ubuhanga kugira ngo atange inyigisho zimbitse ku bijanye n’Imana.​—Luka 22:14-20; Yohani 6:35-40.

Ni ibifungurwa n’ibinyobwa ibihe vyari bimenyerewe mu gihe ca Yezu? Ibifungurwa vyategurwa gute? Kandi kubitegura vyasaba utwigoro tungana gute? Inyishu z’ivyo bibazo ziraza kugufasha kurushiriza gutahura ibintu bimwebimwe be n’imvugo zimwezimwe dusanga mu Njili.

Uduhe “umukate wacu w’uyu musi”

Igihe Yezu yigisha abigishwa biwe ukuntu bakwiye gusenga, yarerekanye ko vyari bibereye gusaba Imana ngo ibaronse ivyo bakeneye mu buzima, ni ukuvuga ‘umukate w’uyu musi.’ (Matayo 6:11) Umukate cari igifungurwa kimenyerewe cane ku buryo mu giheburayo no mu kigiriki ijambo “gufungura” ryasobanura ijambo ku rindi ngo “kurya umukate.” Intete zakoreshwa mu gukora umukate, nk’ingano zisanzwe be na sayiri, hamwe n’izindi nk’ingano z’ibishenza be n’uburo, zari mu bintu nyamukuru Abayuda bo mu kinjana ca mbere bafungura. Abashakashatsi bagereranya yuko umuntu yashobora gufungura nk’ibilo 200 vy’intete ku mwaka, zikaba zaramuronsa hafi ica kabiri c’urugero rw’inkomezi (ivyo bita calories) yaba akeneye.

Umukate warashobora kugurirwa mu kaguriro. Ariko imiryango nka yose yariyokereza imikate yayo, ico kikaba cari igikorwa casaba utwigoro twinshi. Igitabu kimwe (Bread, Wine, Walls and Scrolls) gisigura giti: “Kubera yuko bigoye kubika neza ifu igihe kirekire, inarugo yabwirizwa gusya ku musi ku musi.” None ico gikorwa cashobora gutwara umwanya ungana gute? Umwanditsi w’ico gitabu avuga ati: “Umuntu amaze isaha ariko arakora cane akoresha urusyo rw’iminwe, ikilo kimwe c’ingano yagikuramwo ifu itarenza amagarama 800. Kubera yuko buri muntu yafungura ingano zingana hafi n’inusu y’ikilo, kugira ngo inarugo aronse ibifungurwa umuryango ugizwe n’abantu batanu canke batandatu, yabwirizwa kumara amasaha atatu ariko arasya.”

Zirikana rero ku bijanye na Mariya nyina wa Yezu. Uretse ibindi bikorwa vyo mu rugo yari afise, yategerezwa no kurondera imikate ihagije yo  gufungurira umunega wiwe, abahungu biwe batanu be n’abakobwa biwe n’imiburiburi babiri. (Matayo 13:55, 56) Ata gukeka, Mariya, cokimwe n’abandi bakenyezi b’Abayuda, yarakora agatama kugira ngo ategure ‘umukate w’uyu musi.’

“Nimuze, mwitange umusase”

Yezu amaze kuzurwa, yariyeretse bamwe mu bigishwa biwe umusi umwe mu gatondo ka kare. Abo bigishwa bari bakesheje ijoro ryose baroba, ariko nta co bari baronse. Yezu yabariye abo bagenzi biwe bari barushe ati: “Nimuze, mwitange umusase.” Yaciye abaha ifi zigiheza kurobwa be n’umukate. (Yohani 21:9-13) Naho aho hantu ari ho honyene mu Njili havugwa ibijanye n’imfungurwa zo kwitanga umusase, vyari bimenyerewe ko abantu batangura umusi mu kwihereza imfungurwa zigizwe n’umukate, imise be n’inzabibu zumye canke imyelayo.

Tuvuge iki ku bijanye n’imfungurwa zo ku murango? None abakozi bafungura iki? Igitabu kimwe (Life in Biblical Israel) kivuga giti: “Imfungurwa zo ku mutaga zaba zoroshe, zikaba zaba zigizwe n’umukate, intete, imyelayo be n’insukoni.” Izo ni zo mfungurwa abigishwa bashobora kuba bari bafise igihe bagaruka bavuye mu gisagara ca Sikara bagasanga Yezu ariko avugana n’umukenyezi w’Umusamariyakazi kw’iriba. Hari “nko kw’isaha igira gatandatu,” canke ku mutaga, kandi abigishwa bari “bagiye mu gisagara kugura ivyo kurya.”​—Yohani 4:5-8.

Ku mugoroba, abagize imiryango barafungurira hamwe imfungurwa nyamukuru z’uwo musi. Mu kudondora izo mfungurwa, igitabu kimwe (Poverty and Charity in Roman Palestine, First Three Centuries C.E.) kivuga giti: “Abantu nka bose bafungura umukate canke umusururu ukozwe muri sayiri, intete zitandukanye be n’ibiva mu biterwa bigira imihanyu, canke rimwe na rimwe bagafungura ingano. Akenshi izo mfungurwa barazongeramwo umunyu be n’amavuta canke imyelayo, rimwe na rimwe na ho bagashiramwo isosi ikaze, ubuki canke umutobe w’ivyamwa bisosa.” Amata, iforomaji, insoromano be n’ivyamwa vyumukijwe na vyo nyene vyarashobora kuba birimwo mu bifungurwa bateguye. Ubwoko hafi 30 bw’insoromano bwarashobora kuboneka ico gihe, hakaba harimwo ibitunguru vy’amagoma, ibitungurusumu, ibiterwa bigomba kumera nk’ikaroti (vyitwa radis), ikaroti, amashu n’ibindi; kandi ubwoko burenga 25 bw’ivyamwa, harimwo (1) insukoni, (2) amatende be na (3) amakomamanga, vyararimwa muri ako karere.

Woba ushobora kwiha ishusho bimwebimwe muri ivyo biribwa binovera biri ku meza igihe Yezu yariko arasangira imfungurwa zo ku mugoroba na Lazaro be na bashikiwe Marita na Mariya? Ubu na ho, niwihe ishusho y’akamoto kaciye gatamirana muri ico cumba cose igihe Mariya yasiga Yezu ku birenge “narada nyayo,” akamoto k’ibifungurwa kagaca kanywana n’aka ya mavuta amota neza y’igiciro kinini.​—Yohani 12:1-3.

“Iyo uteretse inzimano”

Uwundi musi, igihe Yezu yariko arafungurira mu “nzu y’umwe mu batware b’Abafarizayo,” yarigishije abari ng’aho icigwa ngirakamaro. Yavuze ati: “Iyo uteretse inzimano, nutumire aboro, abacitse ibihimba vy’umubiri, abacumbagira, impumyi; uzoba uhiriwe, kuko batagira ikintu na kimwe  co kukwishura. Kuko uzokwishurwa mw’izuka ry’abagororotsi.” (Luka 14:1-14) None bishitse uwo Mufarizayo agakurikiza iyo mpanuro ya Yezu, ni imfungurwa izihe yoshobora kuba yaratanga kuri izo nzimano?

Umuntu atunze yoshobora kuba yaratanga imikate idasanzwe, yokejwe ifise imero zitandukanye kandi yongererejwe akanovera mu kuyishiramwo umuvinyu, ubuki, amata be n’ibirungo. Amasoro be n’iforomaji na vyo nyene vyarashobora gushirwa ku meza. Imyelayo mibisi, imyelayo ihiye, canke amavuta y’imyelayo, nta gukeka ko na vyo nyene bitibagirwa. Twisunze ibivugwa n’igitabu kimwe (Food in Antiquity), “umuntu wese yafungura ibilo mirongo ibiri vy’amavuta y’imyelayo ku mwaka, kandi ayandi yarakoreshwa mu kwisiga no mu gucana amatara.”

Igihe uwo Mufarizayo yaba aba hafi y’ikiyaga, we hamwe n’abatumire biwe barashobora gufungura ifi zigiheza kurobwa. Abo wasanga baba kure y’ikiyaga akenshi bafungura ifi zazigamwe mu kuzishira mu mazi arimwo umunyu canke mu munyu gusa. Nyene kwakira abashitsi yoshobora kandi kuba yarabazimana inyama, kino kikaba cari igifungurwa c’imbonekarimwe ku mushitsi w’umukene. Ibifungurwa vyari bimenyerewe kuruta bishobora kuba vyari ibigizwe n’amagi y’ubwoko bunaka. (Luka 11:12) Akanovera k’ivyo bifungurwa koshobora kuba karongerezwa hakoreshejwe utubabi two kuryosha imfungurwa be n’ibirungo, nka menta, aneto, kumino na sinapi. (Matayo 13:31; 23:23; Luka 11:42) Mu nyuma, abatumire bashobora kuba barinovora udufungurwa two kurenza ku vyo baba bafunguye tugizwe n’ingano zikaranze zaba zateguwe zirimwo shakedi, ubuki hamwe n’ibirungo.

Ababa bitavye amazimano vyoshoboka ko bahabwa inzabibu, zaba mbisi, zumye canke zahinguwemwo umuvinyu. Ubwato ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bwo kuganiramwo umuvinyu bwaratowe muri Palesitina, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ko ico kinyobwa cakundwa n’abantu benshi. Mu kibanza kimwe c’i Gibeyoni, abacukuzi baratoye ibinogo 63 vyabikwamwo umuvinyu vyimbwe mu gitandara, vyashobora kubika amalitiro nka 100.000.

“Ntimukigere muganya”

Uko usoma Injili, niwihweze incuro Yezu avuga ibijanye n’ibifungurwa be n’ibinyobwa mu bigereranyo atanga canke uburyo yigisha ivyigwa bihambaye igihe aba ari ku mazimano. Ata gukeka, Yezu n’abigishwa biwe barahimbarwa no gufungura be no kwihereza ibinyobwa, canecane igihe baba bari kumwe n’abagenzi beza, ariko ivyo bintu si vyo bakurikirana imbere y’ibindi mu buzima.

Yezu yarafashije abigishwa biwe kuguma babona mu buryo buri ku burimbane ibijanye n’ibifungurwa be n’ibinyobwa igihe yavuga ati: “Ntimukigere muganya ngo: ‘Tuzorya iki?’, canke ngo: ‘Tuzonywa iki?’, canke ngo: ‘Tuzokwambara iki?’ Kuko ivyo vyose ari vyo bintu amahanga ahahamira. Kuko So wo mw’ijuru azi ko mukenera ivyo bintu vyose.” (Matayo 6:31, 32) Abo bigishwa barafashe nka nkama ico cigwa, kandi Imana yaritwararitse ivyo bari bakeneye. (2 Abakorinto 9:8) Ni ivy’ukuri yuko ivyo ufungura vyoshobora kuba bitandukanye n’ivyo abantu babayeho mu kinjana ca mbere bafungura. Ariko urashobora guhera amazinda yuko Imana izokwitwararika niwashira ivyo igomba mu kibanza ca mbere mu buzima.​—Matayo 6:33, 34.