Ngwino dusure “umuntu wo mu ishyamba” wo muri Indoneziya

IYO nyamaswa nini yatwitegerezaga yitendetse ku ishami ry’igiti wabonaga risa n’aho ryenda kuvunika, kubera uburemere bwayo. Twafunze umwuka, maze natwe turayitegereza. Nubwo wabonaga bisa naho nta cyo biyibwiye, twe twari twumiwe. Iyo nyamaswa twarebanaga amaso ku maso, iri mu bwoko bw’impundu (orang-outan). Ni yo nyamaswa nini ku isi mu nyamaswa ziba mu biti.

Izo nyamaswa ziri mu bwoko bw’inguge nini, urugero nk’ingagi n’impundu. Ziritonda kandi ntizikunda kubana n’izindi. Ziba mu mashyamba y’inzitane yo mu birwa bya Borneo na Sumatra, byombi bikaba bibarirwa mu birwa binini byo mu burasirazuba bw’amajyepfo y’Aziya. Izina ryazo rigizwe n’amagambo abiri y’ururimi rwo muri Indoneziya, ari yo orang na hutan, bisobanura ngo “umuntu wo mu ishyamba.”

Ese wifuza kumenya byinshi kurushaho ku birebana n’izo nguge nini z’ibihogo kandi zitangaje? Ngaho ngwino duse n’abajyana kuzisura muri gakondo yazo iri mu kirwa cya Borneo rwagati.

Duhura n’iyo mpundu

Kugira ngo tubone ubwo bwoko bw’impundu, twakoze urugendo tujya muri pariki ya Tanjung Puting, ibamo inyamaswa nyinshi. Icyakora, impundu zibarirwa mu bihumbi zihaba, ni zo ahanini zikurura ba mukerarugendo.

Twatangiriye urugendo rwacu ku cyambu gito cya Kumai, aho twuririye ubwato bubaje mu giti bwitwa klotok. Twanyuze mu ruzi tugenda dukata amakorosi, ari na ko ducengera mu ishyamba ry’inzitane. Mu nzira aho twanyuraga, twacaga iruhande rw’ibiti by’imikindo bicucitse ku nkombe z’uruzi, tunabona ingona ziteye ubwoba zituramye mu mazi mabi. Twumvaga urusaku tutamenyereye hirya no hino muri iryo shyamba, ku buryo rwatumaga twumva turushijeho kugira amatsiko.

Tumaze kuva mu bwato, twisize imiti ituma tutaribwa n’udukoko, maze twinjira ishyamba. Mu  minota mike twahise tubona impundu ya mbere y’ingabo twavuze tugitangira. Ubwoya bwayo burebure bw’ibihogo, bwakubitanaga n’akazuba ka nyuma ya saa sita, maze bukarabagirana nk’umuringa usennye. Muri ubwo bwoya ubonamo imikaya yireze, maze ukumva ubwoba burakwishe.

Impundu y’ishyamba y’ingabo igira uburebure bwa metero 1 na santimetero 70, igapima ibiro bigera kuri 90, kandi ibiro byayo biba bikubye kabiri iby’ingore. Iyo impundu y’ingabo imaze kuba ubukombe, itangira kugira amatama manini ku buryo ubona mu maso hayo hiburungushuye. Nanone zigira umuhogo utendera uzifasha gusakuza no gutontoma. Rimwe na rimwe zirasakabaka ku buryo urwo rusaku rushobora kumara iminota itanu, kandi rukumvikana ku ntera irenga kirometero imwe n’igice. Ntibitangaje rero kuba urwo ruhererekane rw’amajwi barwita “urusaku rurerure.” Urebye, ingabo ziratontoma kugira ngo zireshye ingore zarinze, kandi zikumire ingabo zishaka kuzivundira.

Zibera mu bushorishori bw’ibiti

Uko twakomezaga kugenda muri iryo shyamba, twabonaga impundu zasimbukaga ziva mu giti kimwe zikiterera mu kindi. Zigira ibirenge n’ibiganza bikomeye bimeze nk’ibifashi, ku buryo bifata ikintu nta mpungenge. Nanone zigira intoki ndende, ibikumwe bigufi n’amano manini. Zifata amashami y’ibiti bitazigoye, zikagenda zijugunya mu buryo bunogeye ijisho kandi ubona zisanzuye; nta na rimwe wazibona zifite igihunga.

Impundu zazobereye mu kwiyoberanya, ku buryo zihisha mu ishyamba ry’inzitane nturabukwe. Iyo ziri ku butaka zigenda gahoro, ku buryo n’umuntu ashobora kwiruka akazisiga.

Izo nyamaswa zimara hafi ubuzima bwazo bwose mu bushorishori bw’ibiti, kandi ni bwo bwoko bw’inguge bubaho butyo. Imigoroba hafi ya yose, iyo izuba rigiye kurenga, zitoranya ishami rikomeye ry’igiti maze zigasasamo uburiri bwiza cyane buba buri kuri metero nka 20 uvuye hasi, zikabusasa zikoresheje andi mashami mato. Kugira ngo zugame imvura, hari igihe zikora “igisenge,” ibyo ingagi n’izindi mpundu zikaba zidashobora kubikora. Ubwo kandi ntitwiriwe tuvuga ko ibyo byose zibikora mu minota igera kuri itanu gusa!

Nanone, ibyo biti ni byo izo mpundu zikuraho imbuto, ari byo byokurya byazo zikunda cyane. Zifata mu mutwe cyane, kandi ziba zizi neza aho zishobora gusanga imbuto zeze n’igihe zishobora kuzibonera. Nanone zirya amababi, ibishishwa by’ibiti, imishibu y’ibiti, ubuki n’udukoko. Hari igihe izo mpundu zikoresha inkoni kugira ngo zihakure cyangwa zivane udukoko mu myobo yo mu biti.  Ubwoko bw’ibyo zirya bwose hamwe burenga 400.

Tugeze hirya tumanuka, twatangajwe no kubona izo mpundu zirya amaseri y’imineke. Izo nyamaswa zari zarorowe n’abantu, nyuma barazirekura zijya kuba mu ishyamba. Kubera ko zo ziba zidafite ubuhanga bwo kwitunga nk’ubw’impundu z’ishyamba, zihabwa ibyokurya kugira ngo byiyongere ku byo zisanzwe zishakira.

Imibereho yazo mu muryango

Twitegereje ukuntu ibyana by’izo mpundu byizirika kuri za nyina, n’ukuntu izikiri nto ziba zikinira hafi aho ku butaka cyangwa mu biti. Impundu z’ingore zirama imyaka igera kuri 45. Iyo zimaze kuba nkuru zifite imyaka 15 cyangwa 16, zitangira kubyara, zikajya zibyara rimwe mu myaka irindwi cyangwa umunani. Impundu y’ingore isanzwe, ibyara ibyana bitarenze bitatu mu buzima bwayo bwose. Ibyo bituma iba imwe mu nyamabere zitororoka cyane ku isi.

Imishyikirano ihuza ibyana by’impundu na nyina, irakomeye mu buryo butangaje. Impundu z’ingore zonsa ibyana byazo kandi zikabyitaho mu gihe cy’imyaka umunani cyangwa irenga. Icyana cy’impundu kimara umwaka wa mbere cyiziritse kuri nyina. Nyuma yaho, gikomeza kuguma hafi ya nyina kugeza igihe ikindi cyana kivukiye. Impundu z’ingore zikiri nto zishobora kuguma hafi ya za nyina zitegereza uko za nyina zita ku byana byazo biba byavutse.

Icyakora, impundu z’ingabo zikiri nto zihita zirukanwa na nyina, nyuma gato y’uko zimaze gukurikirwa. Ziragenda zikabungera mu ishyamba zonyine, zikagenda ahantu hafite ubuso bwa kirometero kare 15 cyangwa zirenga. Zirinda kwegerana n’izindi ngabo, zigahura gusa n’ingore ari uko zigiye kuzimya.

Ubusanzwe, ingore ziguma mu gice gito cy’ishyamba ubuzima bwazo bwose. Rimwe na rimwe, zisangirira n’izindi ngore ku giti kimwe, ariko zisabana gake cyangwa ntizinasabane. Kuba ubwo bwoko bw’impundu bukunda kuba bwonyine, bituma bubarirwa mu bwoko bw’inguge zihariye. Ariko hari ahandi hantu twagombaga gusura, kugira ngo turusheho kumenya iby’uwo “muntu wo mu ishyamba.”

 Ziri hafi kuzimangatana

Muri iyo pariki hari ikigo cya Leakey, gishinzwe kwita kuri ubwo bwoko bw’impundu, kubukoraho ubushakashatsi no kububungabunga kugira ngo budashira. Icyo kigo cyitiriwe umuhanga mu by’imiterere y’abantu, inkomoko yabo n’imibereho yabo witwa Louis Leakey. Iyo uri muri icyo kigo, impundu ziba zikuri hafi. Zimwe zaratwegereye ziduhagarara iruhande kandi zirakina. Hari ndetse n’impundu y’ingore yafashe ku ikoti rya mugenzi wanjye twari kumwe. Twashimishijwe cyane no kuba twari twegeranye n’izo nyamaswa nziza cyane.

Ariko kandi, kuba hariho ikigo cya Leakey bigaragaza ko hari akaga kazugarije. Ziragenda ziba nke, ku buryo zishobora kuzazimangatana. Hari abahanga mu byo kwita ku bidukikije, bavuga ko icyizere cy’uko ubwo bwoko bw’impundu bwakomeza kubaho kigenda kiyoyoka. Bavuze ko mu myaka icumi iri imbere cyangwa itagezeho, zishobora kuzaba zarazimangatanye. Reka dusuzume ibintu bitatu bizugarije.

Gutema amashyamba. Izo mpundu zatakaje hafi 80 ku ijana by’ahantu ziberaga mu myaka 20 ishize. Igihugu cya Indoneziya gitakaza ishyamba riri ku buso bwa kirometero kare 51 buri munsi, ibyo bikaba bingana no gutakaza ubuso bw’ibibuga bitanu by’umupira w’amaguru buri munota.

Ubushimusi. Uko abantu bagenda batema amashyamba, ni na ko bagenda barushaho gutegeza impundu abahigi. Igikanka cy’impundu kigurishwa amadolari y’amanyamerika agera kuri 70 (hafi 42.000Frw) mu buryo butemewe, aho abakigura baba bagamije kuzajya bacyibukiraho. Hari abandi banga impundu baziziza ko zona, naho abandi bo bakazica bishakira inyama.

Kugurisha ibyana by’impundu. Icyana cy’impundu kigurishwa mu buryo butemewe, kuva ku madolari abarirwa mu magana kugera ku bihumbi mirongo. Bavuga ko ugereranyije buri mwaka hagurishwa ibyana by’impundu bigera ku gihumbi.

Abayobozi ba leta n’ab’ibigo byigenga bakora uko bashoboye kose kugira ngo batabare izo mpundu zidashira. Mu byo bakora harimo gushinga ibigo byo kuzitaho, gukangurira abaturage kuzirinda binyuriye muri gahunda zo kubigisha, gushyiraho za pariki n’ibyanya no kurwanya ibikorwa byo gutema amashyamba mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko.

Bibiliya ivuga ko vuba aha Imana ‘izarimbura abarimbura isi,’ igashyiraho paradizo ku isi hose (Ibyahishuwe 11:18; Yesaya 11:4-9; Matayo 6:10). Icyo gihe hazasohozwa amagambo y’umwanditsi wa zaburi, agira ati “ibiti byo mu ishyamba byose na byo birangurure ijwi ry’ibyishimo” (Zaburi 96:12). Inyamaswa, urugero nk’impundu nanone yitwa “umuntu wo mu ishyamba” wo muri Indoneziya, zizororoka cyane, zitabangamiwe n’ibikorwa by’abantu byashoboraga gutuma zishiraho.

[Ikarita ku ipaji 25]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu igazeti ya Nimukanguke!)

MALEZIYA

Borneo

INDONEZIYA

Sumatra

OSITARALIYA

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 26]

Impundu y’ingabo imaze kuba ubukombe, igira amatama yihariye

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

© imagebroker/Alamy

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 27]

Impundu zigenda mu biti bitazigoye, ariko iyo zigenda ku butaka zigenda gahoro

[Aho amafoto yavuye]

Ahagana hejuru: © moodboard/Alamy; ahagana hasi: Impundu iri mu kigo cya Leakey cyo muri pariki ya Tanjung Puting, kiyoborwa na BTNTP, UPT Ditjen PHKA Dephut

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 25 yavuye]

Impundu iri mu kigo cya Leakey cyo muri pariki ya Tanjung Puting, kiyoborwa na BTNTP, UPT Ditjen PHKA Dephut

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 28 yavuye]

Impundu iri mu kigo cya Leakey cyo muri pariki ya Tanjung Puting, kiyoborwa na BTNTP, UPT Ditjen PHKA Dephut