Ni iki kigomba guhinduka?

“Ubutegetsi si bwo muti w’ikibazo dufite, ahubwo ubwo butegetsi ni bwo kibazo.” ​—⁠Byavuzwe na Ronald W. Reagan, muri disikuru yatanze amaze kuba perezida wa 40 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

HASHIZE imyaka irenga mirongo itatu Ronald Reagan avuze ayo magambo. Icyo gihe Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zari zihanganye n’ikibazo cy’ingorabahizi, Reagan yise “ikibazo cy’ubukungu gikomeye cyane.” Yaravuze ati “nta na rimwe mu mateka y’igihugu cyacu ifaranga ryataye agaciro kandi bikamara igihe kirekire nk’uko bimeze ubu. Hashize imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo duhora mu gihombo bitewe no kubaho nk’abagashize, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuzaduteza akaga mu gihe kizaza, bikagateza n’urubyaro rwacu. Nibikomeza bitya, bishobora kuzateza imyivumbagatanyo, hakavuka ibibazo mu birebana na politiki, umuco n’ubukungu.”

Nubwo ayo magambo ya Reagan asa n’agaragaza ko nta cyizere yari afite, ntiyari yihebye burundu. Yaravuze ati ‘kugira ngo havuke ibibazo by’ubukungu dufite ubu, byatwaye imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Nubwo bitakemuka mu munsi umwe, mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa mu kwezi kumwe, amaherezo bizakemuka.’

None se byifashe bite muri iki gihe? Raporo yo mu mwaka wa 2009 y’Urwego Rushinzwe Imiturire n’Iterambere ry’Imigi muri Amerika, yaravuze iti “abantu benshi . . . baragenda barushaho kubangamirwa n’imiturire mibi, imikorere y’inzego zishinzwe kwita ku buzima itagihuje n’igihe no kuba ibikorwa remezo ari bike kandi ababikoresha akaba ari benshi. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Miturire rivuga ko mu myaka mirongo itatu iri mbere, umuturage umwe kuri batatu azaba yaratakaje icyizere cyo kubaho neza. Abantu bazaba baba ahantu hadafite isuku n’amazi meza, kandi bibasiwe n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuzatuma haduka ibyorezo kandi indwara zikarushaho gukwirakwira.”

Ikibazo cyugarije isi yose

Suzuma ibibazo bikurikira aho waba utuye hose:

● Ese wumva ibibazo ufite by’ubukene byaragabanutse, ugereranyije n’uko byari bimeze mu myaka icumi ishize?

 ● Ese ubona wowe n’umuryango wawe mwivuza uko mubyifuza, kurusha uko byari bimeze mbere?

● Ese ubu ibidukikije bisigaye bimeze neza kandi birangwa n’isuku kuruta mbere?

● Ese iyo witegereje, ubona mu gihe kiri imbere, wenda nko mu myaka 10, 20 cyangwa 30, ibintu bizaba bimeze neza?

Imihigo

Leta nyinshi zigira gahunda y’imihigo, aho abayobozi n’abaturage bagirana amasezerano yanditse, cyangwa bakagira ibyo bemeranya. Iyo mihigo iba igaragaza uburenganzira bwa buri ruhande n’inshingano rufite. Reka dufate urugero: abaturage basabwa kubahiriza amategeko y’igihugu, kwishyura imisoro no kugira uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije. Abayobozi na bo, akenshi bizeza abaturage ko bazajya bavurwa neza, bakarwanya ubusumbane kandi bakabarinda ihungabana ry’ubukungu.

Ese ubutegetsi bwagejeje ku baturage ibyo bintu bubizeza uko ari bitatu? Reka tubisuzume mu mapaji atatu akurikira.

 Kuvurwa neza

Icyo abantu bifuza: Kuvurwa neza kandi kuri make.

Uko byifashe:

● Banki y’Isi Yose yasohoye raporo ku isuku n’isukura, ivuga ko “buri munsi hapfa abana 6.000 bazize indwara ziterwa n’isuku nke no kunywa amazi mabi. Indwara y’impiswi ihitana umwana umwe buri masegonda 20.”

● Mu mwaka wa 2008, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Buzima ryakoze ubushakashatsi ku birebana n’uburyo abantu bavurwa mu “bihugu bikize no mu bikennye,” maze risanga harimo “ubusumbane bukabije.” Nanone ubwo bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko inzego zishinzwe kwita ku buzima “zananiwe kuvura abantu neza zikurikije ibyo bakeneye, nta kurobanura kandi badahenzwe.”

Imyaka ibiri nyuma yaho, iryo shami ryabonye ko “leta zo hirya no hino ku isi zirimo zikora uko zishoboye kugira ngo zivuze abaturage bazo. Uko abantu bagenda basaza, abarwara indwara zidakira bakagenda biyongera, ari na ko haduka imiti mishya kandi ihenze, kwivuza bigenda birushaho guhenda.”

● Hari ikindi kibazo giteje akaga cyavutse mu birebana no kwivuza: imiti yitwaga ko ivura abantu bagakira, ntikibakiza. Indwara zahitanaga abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni mu myaka yashize, urugero nk’ibibembe n’igituntu, zavurwaga n’imiti yica mikorobe, iya mbere muri yo ikaba yaravumbuwe mu myaka ya za 40. Ariko dukurikije raporo y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Buzima, “ubu haragenda haduka za mikorobe nyinshi zitumva imiti, kandi zikarushaho gukwirakwira. Imiti myinshi yari iy’ingenzi ntikivura abantu, kubera ko nta bushobozi igifite bwo kwica mikorobe zitera indwara.”​​—⁠World Health Day 2011.

Ikigomba guhinduka: Turashaka kubona isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi buvuga ko hari igihe ‘nta muturage uzavuga ati “ndarwaye.” ’​​—⁠Yesaya 33:​24.

 Ubutabera n’uburinganire

Icyo abantu bifuza: Bifuza ko urwikekwe rugirirwa ba nyakamwe ruvaho, kandi ihohoterwa ry’abagore rigacika. Nanone, ntibashaka ubusumbane bukabije hagati y’abakire n’abakene.

Uko byifashe:

● Hari raporo yagize iti “urugomo rukorerwa abantu ku giti cyabo, mu nsengero n’ahandi hantu haba abantu benshi, bitewe n’urwikekwe rushingiye ku bwoko, idini, igitsina cyangwa ubwenegihugu, rukomeje kwiyongera kandi ruracyari ikibazo gikomeye muri Amerika.”​​—⁠Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Education Fund.

● Umuryango w’Abibumbye wasohoye itangazo rishingiye kuri raporo ivuga iby’iterambere ry’abategarugori ku isi, rigira riti “abagore babarirwa muri za miriyoni hirya no hino ku isi bakomeje guhura n’akarengane, ihohoterwa n’ubusumbane mu ngo, ku kazi no mu buzima busanzwe” (Progress of the World’s Women: In Pursuit of Justice). Urugero, abagore bagera kuri 85 ku ijana bo muri Afuganisitani, ntibitabwaho n’abaganga mu gihe cyo kubyara. Muri Yemeni, ntihaba amategeko arwanya ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo. Muri Kongo Kinshasa, ugereranyije abagore barenga igihumbi bafatwa ku ngufu buri munsi.

● Mu Kwakira 2011, Ban Ki-moon, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, yaravuze ati “muri iyi si hari ibintu udashobora gusobanura. Ntibyumvikana ukuntu ibyokurya ari byinshi, ariko abantu bagera kuri miriyari bakaba bashonje. Abantu bake babaho nk’abagashize, mu gihe abandi benshi bazahajwe n’ubukene. Hariho iterambere rikomeye mu by’ubuvuzi, ariko buri munsi ababyeyi bapfa babyara. . . . Amafaranga abarirwa muri za miriyari atangwa ku ntwaro zo kwica abantu, aho kubarindira umutekano.”

Ikigomba guhinduka: Abagore na ba nyakamwe bagomba kwitabwaho nk’abandi, kandi abatuma ‘imbabare zidakorerwa ibihuje n’ubutabera,’ bakarimbuka.​​—⁠Yesaya 10:​1, 2.

 Ikibazo cy’ubukungu

Icyo abantu bifuza: Akazi keza kuri bose n’umutekano mu by’ubukungu.

Uko byifashe:

● Hari ikigo cyavuze kiti “nubwo hari abakozi benshi bashobora kuzahura ubukungu bw’isi, bose ntibashobora kubona akazi. Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo watangaje ko ihungabana ry’ubukungu ryatumye umubare w’abashomeri ugera kuri miriyoni 205 mu wa 2010.”​​—⁠Worldwatch Institute.

● Hari amakuru yo kuri BBC yagize ati “Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo wavuze ko mu minsi ya vuba, ihungabana ry’ubukungu bw’isi rishobora kuzatuma abantu benshi batakaza akazi, ku buryo bishobora kuzateza imyivumbagatanyo. Kuba muri iki gihe ubukungu butiyongera cyane, byumvikanisha ko kimwe cya kabiri gusa cy’abantu bakeneye akazi ari bo bazakabona. . . . Uwo muryango wanavuze ko hari abantu bababazwa n’uko akazi kabuze, kandi bakarakazwa n’uko ikibazo cy’ihungabana ry’ubukungu kititabwaho. Nanone, wavuze ko abaturage bo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bashobora kwigaragambya, cyane cyane abo mu bihugu bigize umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi n’ibihugu by’Abarabu.”

● Hari igitabo cyavuze ko muri Amerika “abantu benshi bafite ideni ry’amadolari arenga 11.000 ku makarita yabo bakoresha bahaha, iryo deni rikaba rikubye incuro eshatu iryo bari bafite mu wa 1990.” Abanditsi b’icyo gitabo bavuze ko abantu benshi bishora mu madeni kugira ngo bagaragaze ko bakize. Icyo gitabo cyunzemo kiti “iyo Abanyamerika babonye abantu bari mu modoka z’akataraboneka kandi bambaye imyenda ihenze, bahita bumva ko bakize. Ariko burya, akenshi byaba byiza bagiye bumva ko abantu nk’abo baba barafashe amadeni.”​​—⁠The Narcissism Epidemic.

Ikigomba guhinduka: Abantu bose bagombye kugira akazi, kandi bagakoresha amafaranga yabo neza. Bibiliya ivuga ko “amafaranga ari uburinzi,” ariko ikanatanga umuburo uvuga ko “gukunda amafaranga ari umuzi w’ibibi by’ubwoko bwose.”​​—⁠Umubwiriza 7:​12; 1 Timoteyo 6:​10.

Ukurikije ibyavuzwe kuva ku ipaji ya 4 kugeza ku ya 8, ushobora kumva ko icyizere cy’imibereho myiza mu gihe kizaza gisa n’aho nta cyo, ariko kirahari. Isi yacu izahinduka ibe nziza. Icyakora, abategetsi b’abantu si bo bazayihindura.

[Agasanduku/​Imbonerahamwe yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Abakiri bato bavuga ko ari iki bahindura muri iyi si? Hari umuyoboro wo kuri interineti (4children.org) wavuze ko ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bana bagera ku 2.000 bo mu Bwongereza bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 4 na 14, bwagaragaje ko babishoboye bavanaho ibintu bikurikira:

[Imbonerahamwe]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu igazeti ya Nimukanguke!)

100%

INZARA

INTAMBARA

UBUKENE

75%

UBUSUMBANE

UBUSHYUHE BUKABIJE

50%

25%

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[Agasanduku/​Imbonerahamwe yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umuryango wo mu Budage witwa Bertelsmann mu mwaka wa 2009, bwagaragaje ibintu bihangayikishije urubyiruko rugera kuri 500, ruri hagati y’imyaka 14 na 18.

Mu bibazo urwo rubyiruko rwabonaga ko bidahangayikishije cyane, harimo iterabwoba, ubwiyongere bw’abaturage n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu. Uwo muryango wasobanuye ko ibyo biterwa n’uko ingimbi n’abangavu babajijwe, batarahura n’ibyo bibazo.

[Imbonerahamwe]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu igazeti ya Nimukanguke!)

100%

75%

UBUKENE

IMIHINDAGURIKIRE Y’IKIRERE NO KWANGIRIKA KW’IBIDUKIKIJE

IBURA RY’AMAZI N’IBIRIBWA

INDWARA N’IBYOREZO

50%

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