Ibibazo by’ivangura rishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho

“UBURINGANIRE BUSHOBORA KUBA ARI UBURENGANZIRA BWA BURI MUNTU, ARIKO NTA BUTEGETSI NA BUMWE KU ISI BUSHOBORA KUBUGERAHO.”

Ayo magambo yavuzwe n’umwanditsi w’Umufaransa wo mu kinyejana cya 19 witwaga Honoré de Balzac. Mbese, wemeranya na we? Hari abantu benshi muri kamere yabo bumva ko ivangura rishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho ridakwiriye. Ariko kandi, no muri iki kinyejana cya 21, umuryango w’abantu uracyabonekamo ibice byinshi bishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho y’abantu.

CALVIN COOLIDGE, wabaye perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika kuva mu mwaka wa 1923 kugeza mu wa 1929, yari ahangayikishijwe n’ikibazo cy’ivangura rishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho, maze avuga ukuntu “amaherezo inzego z’abantu batoneshejwe zizavaho burundu.” Ariko kandi, hashize imyaka igera kuri 40 nyuma y’ubutegetsi bwa Coolidge, Akanama kari kayobowe na Kerner, kashyizweho kugira ngo gakore ubushakashatsi ku mibanire y’amoko, kagaragaje impungenge z’uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika byanze bikunze zishobora gucikamo imiryango ibiri igizwe n’abantu batandukanye kandi batareshya, “umwe ugizwe n’abirabura n’undi ugizwe n’abazungu.” Hari bamwe bavuga ko ibyo ako kanama kavuze byamaze kwigaragaza, kandi ko muri icyo gihugu icyuho gitandukanya abantu mu by’ubukungu n’amoko kigenda cyaguka.”

Kuki bigoye cyane kugera ku ntego y’uburinganire bw’abantu? Ikintu cy’ingenzi kibitera, ni kamere muntu. Uwahoze muri kongere ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika witwaga William Randolph Hearst, yigeze kuvuga ati “twavuga ko abantu bose baremwe bareshya, nibura ku kintu kimwe, kandi icyo kintu ni icyifuzo bagira cyo gusumbana.” Ni iki yashakaga kuvuga? Henry Becque, Umufaransa wo mu kinyejana cya 19 wandikaga ikinamico, yaba yarabivuze mu buryo bwumvikana neza kurushaho, igihe yagiraga ati “igituma kugera ku buringanire bigorana, ni uko usanga dushaka kureshya n’abadusumba gusa.” Mu yandi magambo, abantu bashaka kureshya n’abari mu rwego rw’imibereho rusumba urwo barimo; ariko abiteguye guhara ubutoni bafite ngo bareshye n’abo babona ko bari munsi yabo, si benshi.

Mu bihe byahise, abantu bavukiraga muri rubanda rwa giseseka, mu batware, cyangwa se bakavuka ari ibikomangoma. Ibyo ni ko bikiri mu bihugu bike. Ariko kandi, mu bihugu hafi ya byose muri iki gihe, kugira amafaranga cyangwa kutayagira ni byo bigena niba umuntu ari mu rwego rwo hasi, urwo hagati cyangwa urwo hejuru. Icyakora, hari ibindi bigena urwego rw’imibereho umuntu arimo, urugero nk’ubwoko bwe, amashuri yize no kuba ari intiti cyangwa atari yo. Kandi mu turere tumwe na tumwe usanga igitsina kigira uruhare rw’ingenzi mu ivangura, abagore bakabonwa ko bari mu rwego rwo hasi.

 Mbese, Hari Akanunu k’Ibyiringiro?

Amategeko arengera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, yagize uruhare mu gukuraho imipaka imwe n’imwe ishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho. Amategeko arwanya ivangura yashyizweho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Politiki y’ivangura ry’amoko yakuweho muri Afurika y’Epfo. Nubwo ubucakara bukiriho, ntibwemewe n’amategeko mu bihugu byinshi by’isi. Ibyemezo byafashwe n’inkiko byahatiye abantu kwemera ko abaturage bamwe b’abasangwabutaka bafite uburenganzira bwo gutunga amasambu, kandi amategeko abuzanya ivangura yaruhuye abantu bamwe bari barababaye bitewe n’inzego z’imibereho barimo.

Mbese, ibyo byaba bigaragaza ko ivangura rishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho ryarangiye? Oya rwose! Nubwo uburyo bumwe na bumwe bw’ivangura rishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho ubu bushobora kuba bwaracogojwe, uburyo bushya bw’ivangura bwatangiye kugaragara. Igitabo cyitwa Class Warfare in the Information Age kigira kiti “bisa n’aho muri iki gihe bitagikwiriye gushyira abantu mu rwego rw’abashoramari n’urw’abakozi, ariko ibyo ni ko biri bitewe n’uko gusa izo nzego zombi zasenyutse zikavamo udutsinda duto duto tw’abantu b’abarakare.”

Mbese, inzego z’imibereho zizahora zizana amacakubiri mu bantu ubuziraherezo? Koko rero, nk’uko igice gikurikira kibigaragaza, icyo kibazo kizabonerwa umuti.