“Mucumbikirane”

UMUKRISTOKAZI wo mu kinyejana cya mbere witwaga Foyibe, yari afite ikibazo. Yari mu rugendo ava i Kenkireya mu Bugiriki ajya i Roma, ariko ntiyari aziranye na bagenzi be bari bahuje ukwizera bo muri uwo mujyi (Abaroma 16:1, 2). Umuhinduzi wa Bibiliya witwa Edgar Goodspeed yagize ati “Abaroma [b’icyo gihe] bari babi kandi bari abanyarugomo; nanone kandi byari bizwi ko n’amacumbi yaho atari akwiriye umugore wiyubashye, by’umwihariko Umukristokazi.” None se Foyibe yari gucumbika he?

Mu bihe bya Bibiliya abantu bakundaga gukora ingendo. Yesu Kristo n’abigishwa be na bo bakoze ingendo nyinshi muri Yudaya hose n’i Galilaya babwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Nyuma y’aho gato, Abakristo b’abamisiyonari urugero nka Pawulo bagiye kubwiriza ubutumwa mu turere dutandukanye dukikije inyanja ya Mediterane, hakubiyemo na Roma umurwa mukuru w’Ubwami bw’Abaroma. Iyo Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere babaga bari mu ngendo mu turere tw’u Buyuda cyangwa mu mahanga, bacumbikaga he? Ni ibihe bibazo bahuraga na byo mu gihe babaga bashaka amacumbi? Ni irihe somo twavana ku kuntu bagaragaje umuco wo gucumbikira abashyitsi?

“Uyu munsi nkwiriye kurara iwawe”

Kuva kera abasenga Yehova by’ukuri barangwaga n’umuco wo gucumbikira abashyitsi. Urugero, Aburahamu, Loti na Rebeka bagaragaje uwo muco (Itangiriro 18:1-8; 19:1-3; 24:17-20). Umukurambere Yobu yavuze uko yafataga abanyamahanga agira ati “nta mushyitsi naraje hanze ahubwo umugenzi wese naramwugururiraga.”—Yobu 31:32.

Abisirayeli babaga bari mu ngendo iyo bakeneraga ko bene wabo babacumbikira, akenshi byabaga bihagije ko bicara mu nzira y’igihogere y’umudugudu bagategereza ko hagira ubaha icumbi (Abacamanza 19:15-21). Ubusanzwe, ba nyir’urugo bozaga ibirenge abashyitsi babo, bakabaha ibyokurya n’ibyokunywa kandi bakagaburira amatungo yabo (Itangiriro 18:4, 5; 19:2; 24:32, 33). Abagenzi batifuzaga kubera umutwaro ababaga babacumbikiye, bitwazaga ibyo bari gukenera byose, ni ukuvuga imigati na divayi n’ibyari gutunga indogobe zabo. Babaga bakeneye gusa aho kuryama nijoro.

N’ubwo Bibiliya idakunda kugaragaza aho Yesu yacumbikaga mu ngendo yakoraga abwiriza, ibyo ari byo byose we n’abigishwa be bagombaga kubona aho barara (Luka 9:58). Igihe Yesu Kristo yajyaga i Yeriko yabwiye Zakayo ati “uyu munsi nkwiriye kurara iwawe.” Zakayo yakiriye umushyitsi we “anezerewe” (Luka 19:5, 6). Akenshi Yesu yacumbikirwaga n’incuti ze ari zo Marita, Mariya na Lazaro bari batuye i Betaniya (Luka 10:38; Yohana 11:1, 5, 18). Uko bigaragara iyo Yesu yabaga ari i Kaperinawumu yacumbikaga kwa Simoni Petero.—Mariko 1:21, 29-35.

Amabwiriza Yesu yahaye intumwa ze 12 agiye  kuzituma kubwiriza, ahishura byinshi ku kuntu zagombaga kwitega kuzakirwa muri Isirayeli. Yesu yarazibwiye ati “ntimujyane izahabu cyangwa ifeza cyangwa amakuta mu mifuka yanyu, cyangwa imvumba y’urugendo cyangwa amakanzu abiri, cyangwa inkweto cyangwa inkoni, kuko umukozi akwiriye ibimutunga. Ariko umudugudu wose cyangwa ibirorero, icyo muzajyamo, mushakemo uwo muri cyo ukwiriye, abe ari we ubacumbikira mugeze aho muzacumbukurirayo” (Matayo 10:9-11). Yari azi ko abantu bari bafite imitima iboneye bari kwakira neza abigishwa be bakabaha ibyokurya, aho kurara n’ibindi bari gukenera.

Icyakora, igihe cyarageze biba ngombwa ko ababwirizabutumwa birwanaho kandi bakishakira n’ibindi bakeneraga bari ku rugendo. Kubera ko Yesu yatekerezaga ukuntu abigishwa be bari kuzarwanywa n’ukuntu umurimo wagombaga kwaguka ukagera mu turere two hanze ya Isirayeli, yaravuze ati “ufite uruhago rurimo ifeza arujyane, n’ufite imvumba ni uko” (Luka 22:36). Gukora ingendo no gucumbika byari ngombwa mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwiza.

“Mushishikarire gucumbikira abashyitsi”

Kubera ko mu Bwami bw’Abaroma hari amahoro n’imihanda myinshi yari ikoze neza, byatumaga abantu bakunda gukora ingendo cyane. * Ubwinshi bw’abakoraga ingendo bwatumye hakenerwa amacumbi menshi. Kugira ngo abo bantu bose babone aho barara, ku mihanda minini yose habaga hari amazu y’amacumbi ku ntera y’urugendo rw’umunsi umwe. Icyakora, hari igitabo kigira kiti “ibitabo bigaragaza ko bene ayo mazu atari meza na gato. Ibitabo biriho hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo, muri rusange bigaragaza ko ayo mazu yabaga yarasenyutse kandi afite umwanda; nta bikoresho byo mu nzu byabagamo, uburiri bwabaga burimo ibiryi, amazi n’ibyokurya bitameze neza; ba nyir’ayo mazu n’abakozi bayo bari abahemu, abayacumbikagamo bari abantu bakemangwa, muri rusange bataye umuco” (The Book of Acts in Its Graeco-Roman Setting). Ni ibyumvikana rero ko umugenzi w’indakemwa mu mico yirindaga gucumbika muri ayo mazu igihe cyose byabaga bimushobokera.

Ntibitangaje rero kuba Ibyanditswe bidahwema gushishikariza Abakristo kugaragariza abandi umuco wo gucumbikira abashyitsi. Pawulo yateye Abakristo b’i Roma inkunga agira ati “mugabanye abera uko bakennye, mushishikarire gucumbikira abashyitsi” (Abaroma 12:13). Yibukije Abakristo b’Abayahudi amagambo agira ati “ntimukirengagize gucumbikira abashyitsi, kuko bamwe bacumbikiye abashyitsi, bacumbikiye abamarayika batabizi” (Abaheburayo 13:2). Petero yateye inkunga bagenzi be bari bahuje ukwizera ati “mucumbikirane mutitotomba.”—1 Petero 4:9.

Icyakora, hari imimerere yatumye kugaragaza umuco wo gucumbikira abashyitsi biba bitagikwiriye. Intumwa Yohana yagize ati “umuntu wese urengaho ntagume mu byo Kristo yigishije ntimuzamucumbikire kandi ntimuzamuramutse muti ‘ni amahoro’, kuko uzamuramutsa atyo azaba afatanije na we mu mirimo ye mibi” (2 Yohana 9-11). Pawulo yanditse avuga uko abanyabyaha batihana bagombaga gufatwa agira ati ‘ntimukifatanye n’uwitwa mwene Data, niba ari umusambanyi cyangwa uwifuza ibibi, cyangwa usenga ibishushanyo cyangwa utukana, cyangwa umusinzi cyangwa umunyazi, umeze atyo ntimugasangire na we.’—1 Abakorinto 5:11.

Abiyitaga uko batari ndetse n’abandi, bagomba kuba barageragezaga kurya imitsi y’Abakristo b’ukuri buririye ku muco wabo mwiza wo gucumbikira abashyitsi. Hari igitabo kidashingiye kuri Bibiliya cyanditswe mu kinyejana cya kabiri I.C. kivuga iby’imyizerere y’Abakristo, cyavuze ko umuntu wabwirizaga akora ingendo yagombaga gucumbikirwa “umunsi umwe byaba ngombwa ikaba ibiri.” Hanyuma iyo yabaga asezerewe “nta kindi yagombaga kwemera keretse ibyokurya . . . Nasaba amafaranga azaba ari umuhanuzi w’ibinyoma.” Icyo gitabo gikomeza kigira kiti “naba yifuza kuguma iwanyu akaba azi umwuga runaka, azishakire ibimutunga. Icyakora niba nta mwuga azi mumwiteho  mukurikije uko mubyumva, ntihakagire uwigira imburamukoro ari kumwe namwe ngo ni uko ari Umukristo. Icyakora utazabigenza atyo azaba ashakira indamu mu Bukristo, uwo ni uwo kwitonderwa” (Didachè, ou Enseignement des Douze Apôtres).

Mu gihe kirekire intumwa Pawulo yamaze mu mijyi imwe n’imwe, yakoraga ku buryo atabera umutwaro ababaga baramwakiriye. Yatungwaga no kuboha amahema (Ibyakozwe 18:1-3; 2 Abatesalonike 3:7-12). Kugira ngo Abakristo ba mbere bafashe abagenzi babaga bakwiriye kwakirwa, babaga bari mu ngendo kubona icumbi, uko bigaragara bandikaga amabaruwa yabasabiraga ko bakirwa; urugero nk’iyo Pawulo yanditse amenyekanisha Foyibe. Yagize ati “mbashimiye Foyibe mushiki wacu, kandi mumufashe mu byo azabashakaho byose mumwakire ku bw’Umwami wacu.”—Abaroma 16:1, 2.

Imigisha ibonerwa mu gucumbikira abashyitsi

Abakristo b’abamisiyonari bo mu kinyejana cya mbere biringiraga ko Yehova yari kuzabaha ibyo bari gukenera byose. None se bashoboraga kwitega ko abo bari bahuje ukwizera bari kuzabacumbikira? Lidiya yacumbikiye Pawulo n’abandi. Intumwa Pawulo yabanye na Akwila ndetse na Purisikila mu nzu yabo i Korinto. Umurinzi w’inzu y’imbohe i Filipi yahaye Pawulo na Sila ibyokurya. Yasoni w’i Tesalonike, Filipo w’i Kayisariya ndetse na Munasoni wo ku muhanda wavaga i Kenkireya ujya i Yerusalemu bacumbikiye Pawulo. Igihe Pawulo yari mu rugendo ajya i Roma abavandimwe b’i Puteyoli bamwitayeho. Mbega ingororano zo mu buryo bw’umwuka abakiriye Pawulo bagomba kuba barabonye!—Ibyakozwe 16:33, 34; 17:7; 18:1-3; 21:8, 16; 28:13, 14.

Intiti yitwa Frederick F. Bruce yagize iti “nta yindi mpamvu yatumye izo ncuti za Pawulo bari bafatanyije umurimo zimwakira, uretse urukundo bamukundaga n’urwo bakundaga Shebuja ari na we Pawulo yakoreraga. Bari bazi ko ibyo bakoreraga Pawulo babaga babikoreye Kristo.” Ngiyo impamvu ihebuje ituma tugaragaza umuco wo kwakira abashyitsi.

Kwakira abashyitsi biracyakenewe. Abagenzuzi basura amatorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova babarirwa mu bihumbi, bacumbikirwa na bagenzi babo bahuje ukwizera. Hari ababwiriza b’Ubwami birwanaho mu ngendo bakora bajya kubwiriza mu turere tudakunze kugeramo ubutumwa bwiza. Tubonera imigisha ikungahaye mu kwakira abantu nk’abo mu mazu yacu n’ubwo yaba yoroheje. Kubakirana ubwuzu tugasangira ifunguro ryoroheje, bituma tubona uburyo bushimishije cyane bwo ‘guhumurizanya’ no kugaragaza ko dukunda abavandimwe bacu n’Imana yacu (Abaroma 1:11, 12). Ibihe nk’ibyo bituma by’umwihariko abakira abashyitsi babona ingororano kuko “gutanga guhesha umugisha kuruta guhabwa.”—Ibyakozwe 20:35.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 23]

Abakristo “bashishikarira gucumbikira abashyitsi”