Ubukire n’amahame ya Bibiliya: Icyo amateka atwigisha

KU ITARIKI ya 7 Mata 1630, abantu bagera kuri magana ane bafashe amato ane bimukira muri Amerika bavuye mu Bwongereza. Abenshi muri bo bari baraminuje, abandi ari abacuruzi bakomeye, ndetse harimo n’abadepite. Icyo gihe mu Bwongereza ubukungu bwari bwifashe nabi, kandi intambara yamaze Imyaka Mirongo Itatu (1618-1648) yari mu Burayi yatumaga ibintu birushaho kuzamba. Bityo rero, abo bantu barishoye basiga ingo zabo, akazi kabo na bene wabo, maze bajya mu mahanga gushakisha aho imibereho yari myiza kurushaho.

Icyakora, iryo tsinda ry’abantu barangwaga n’icyizere, ntiryari rigizwe n’abacuruzi bishakiraga imari gusa. Bari Abaporotesitanti barangwa n’ishyaka bitwaga Abapuritini (Puritains). * Icyo gihe bari bahunze ibitotezo. Intego y’ibanze yari ibajyanye yari ugushaka ahantu batura bonyine, maze bo n’abari kuzabakomokaho bagashaka ubutunzi, ariko batarengereye amahame ya Bibiliya. Bamaze igihe gito bageze i Salem muri Massachusetts, bafashe agace gato ko guturamo kari ku nkombe, bakita Boston.

Gushaka ubutunzi ari na ko bakurikiza amahame ya Bibiliya byarabananiye

John Winthrop wari ubarangaje imbere akaba n’umuyobozi wabo, yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ashishikarize abantu kugira ubutunzi, ariko bagire n’icyo bamarira bagenzi babo bari mu gace bari barafashe. Yashakaga ko abantu bagira amafaranga kandi bakagendera ku mahame ya Bibiliya. Icyakora, ntibyashobotse. Winthrop yabonye ingorane zashoboraga kuvuka, maze afata igihe cyo gusobanurira abo bari kumwe umwanya ubukire bwari bufite mu muryango w’abantu bubaha Imana.

Kimwe n’abandi bari bayoboye abo bantu, Winthrop yumvaga ko gushaka ifaranga ubwabyo atari bibi. Yavugaga ko impamvu nyayo ituma umuntu ashaka ubukire ari ukugira ngo afashe abandi. Bityo, uko umuntu yari kugenda aba umuherwe, ni na ko yari kurushaho gukora ibyiza. Umuhanga mu by’amateka witwa Patricia O’Toole yavuze ko “nta kintu cyatesheje umutwe Abapuritini nk’ubukire.” Yakomeje agira ati “ubukire bwagaragazaga umugisha uva ku Mana, ariko bwari n’ikigeragezo gikomeye gishobora gutuma umuntu agwa mu  cyaha cy’ubwibone . . . n’ibindi byaha.”

Kugira ngo Winthrop afashe abantu kwirinda ibyaha biterwa n’ubukire no kudamarara, yabashishikarije gushyira mu gaciro no kwifata. Icyakora, ntibyatinze umwuka wo gushaka amafaranga bagenzi be bari bafite ugongana n’imihati yashyiragaho abahatira kuba abantu bubaha Imana kandi bakundana. Abataremeraga ibitekerezo bya Winthrop batangiye kumurwanya bavuga ko yivanga mu bibazo byabo bwite. Bamwe batangiye gushyira muri bagenzi babo ibitekerezo byo gutora inteko yari kujya ifata imyanzuro. Abandi bo bahisemo kujya kwishakira inyungu zabo mu karere ka Connecticut kari hafi aho.

O’Toole yaravuze ati “kwishora, gushaka gukira na demokarasi, ibyo byose byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’abo Baporotesitanti bari batuye i Massachusetts, kandi ibyo byose byasaga n’aho byashishikarizaga buri muntu guharanira inyungu ze bwite atitaye ku bitekerezo bya Winthrop byo gukorera hamwe.” Winthrop yapfuye mu mwaka wa 1649, afite imyaka 61, kandi asa n’aho nta faranga na mba agira. Nubwo iryo tsinda ryabo ryahuye n’ibibazo bitoroshye ariko rigakomeza kubaho, Winthrop yapfuye ibyo yatekerezaga bitaraba.

Baracyashakisha

Ibitekerezo bya John Winthrop byo gushakisha aho ubuzima bwaba bwiza kurushaho ntibyarangiranye na we. Buri mwaka abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana bava muri Afurika, mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, mu Burayi bw’iburasirazuba no muri Amerika y’epfo, bakajya mu bindi bihugu bizeye kubona ubuzima bwiza. Bamwe babiterwa n’ibitabo bishya bibarirwa mu magana, inama n’imiyoboro ya Interineti ifungurwa buri mwaka, byizeza abantu ko bibamenera ibanga ryo gukira. Birumvikana ko hari abantu benshi bagihatanira gushaka amafaranga bafite icyizere cy’uko bashobora kuyabona batarengereye amahame ya Bibiliya.

Umuntu avugishije ukuri, nta cyo bageraho. Akenshi abashaka gukira bagwa mu mutego wo gutandukira amahame ya Bibiliya ndetse n’ukwizera kwabo kukayoyoka bitewe no gushakisha ubutunzi. Ku bw’ibyo, ushobora kwibaza rwose uti “ese umuntu ashobora kuba Umukristo nyawe kandi akaba n’umukire? Ese hazigera habaho umuryango utinya Imana, ukize kandi ukungahaye mu buryo bw’umwuka?” Nk’uko ingingo ikurikira ibigaragaza, Bibiliya isubiza ibyo bibazo.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Aho amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 3 yavuye]

Amato: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck; Winthrop: Brown Brothers