Ese hari igihangano kitagira uwagihanze?

UBU hashize imyaka igera ku 150, Charles Darwin azamuye igitekerezo cy’uko ibinyabuzima byabayeho bitewe n’uko ibirusha ibindi imbaraga byagiye bibirimbura, hagakomeza kubaho ibishobora kwihanganira imimerere y’aho biba. Ariko kandi, muri iki gihe inyigisho ye y’ubwihindurize ndetse n’izindi nyigisho zagiye ziyikomokaho, zatangiye kwibasirwa n’abemera ko kuba ibinyabuzima bifite gahunda nziza cyane bigenderaho, bigaragaza ko uwabihanze yari afite intego. Ndetse n’abahanga mu bya siyansi benshi kandi bemerwa cyane, ntibemera ko amoko menshi y’ibinyabuzima biba ku isi yabayeho binyuriye ku bwihindurize.

Bamwe muri abo bahanga mu bya siyansi batanga igitekerezo kivuguruza ubwihindurize kivuga ko ibintu byahanzwe hakoreshejwe ubuhanga. Bavuga ko ubuhanga bugaragara mu byaremwe bwemezwa n’ibyo abantu bagezeho mu bumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima, imibare, ndetse ko bihuje n’ubwenge. Bashaka ko icyo gitekerezo cyashyirwa mu nteganyanyigisho ya siyansi mu mashuri. Icyiswe intambara ku bihereranye n’inyigisho y’ubwihindurize kiraca ibintu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ariko kandi ibintu nk’ibyo biravugwa no mu Bwongereza, mu Buholandi, muri Pakisitani, muri Seribiya no muri Turukiya.

Banga kubivuga

Nyamara, muri cya gitekerezo abantu bateguye babyitondeye kivuga ko ibintu byahanzwe hakoreshejwe ubuhanga, hari icyo birengagiza kuvuga. Birinda kuvuga Uwahanze ibintu. Mbese wemera ko igihangano gishobora kubaho nta wagihanze? Hari ikinyamakuru cyavuze ko abantu bashyigikira igitekerezo cy’uko ibintu byahanzwe hakoreshejwe ubuhanga “birinda kumvikanisha uwabihanze uwo ari we” (The New York Times Magazine). Umwanditsi witwa Claudia Wallis yavuze ko abantu bashyigikira icyo gitekerezo “bitwararika cyane kugira ngo badahingutsa ijambo Imana.” Ikindi kinyamakuru kigira kiti “igitekerezo cy’uko ibintu byahanzwe hakoreshejwe ubuhanga ntikigera kivuga niba uwabihanze abaho n’uwo ari we.”—Newsweek.

Ariko kandi, ushobora kwibonera rwose ko kugerageza kwihunza kuvuga ko hariho Umuremyi ari ubupfapfa. Wasobanura ute uko ibintu biri mu isanzure n’ubuzima ubwabwo byahanzwe hakoreshejwe ubwenge, utagaragaje uwabihanze uwo ari we, cyangwa ngo umuvuge?

Mu rugero runaka, kumenya niba ari ngombwa kuvuga uwahanze ibintu cyangwa atari ngombwa kumuvuga, bishingiye kuri ibi bibazo: ese kwemera ko hariho uwahanze ibiriho ufite ubushobozi burenze ubw’abantu byabangamira iterambere mu bya siyansi n’ubuhanga? Ese tuvuga ko hariho uwahanze ibintu w’umuhanga ari uko gusa nta bisobanuro bindi dushobora kubona? Ese mu by’ukuri bihuje n’ubwenge kuvuga ko igihangano kigomba kuba gifite uwagihanze? Ingingo ikurikira, izasuzuma ibyo bibazo ndetse n’ibindi bifitanye isano na byo.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 3]

Charles Darwin yemeraga ko ibinyabuzima byabayeho bitewe n’uko ibirusha ibindi imbaraga byagiye bibirimbura, hagakomeza kubaho ibishobora kwihanganira imimerere y’aho biba

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Darwin: Byafotowe na Mrs. J. M. Cameron/U.S. National Archives photo