NHAURIRANO | RAJESH KALARIA
Chiremba Weuropi Anotsanangura Kutenda Kwake
PUROFESA Rajesh Kalaria, vepaNewcastle University, kuEngland, vava nemakore anopfuura 40 vachidzidza nezveuropi hwemunhu. Vaimbotenda dzidziso yeevolution. Vabudisi vemagazini ino vakavabvunza nezvebasa ravo uye zvavava kutenda.
Tiudzeiwo zvamaimbotenda panyaya dzekunamata.
Vabereki vangu ndevekuIndia, asi amai vakazvarirwa kuUganda. Vainyanya kuita zvinhu maererano netsika dzechiHindu. Mumba medu mune vana vatatu, ini ndiri wechipiri. Taigara muNairobi, kuKenya. Munzvimbo yacho maigarawo vamwe vaHindu vakawanda.
Chii chakaita kuti mufarire zvesainzi?
Ndagara ndichifarira mhuka, saka ndaiwanzoenda kunokwira makomo nekukemba neshamwari dzangu kuti tione kunaka kwakaita mhuka. Pakutanga ndaida kuzova chiremba wemhuka. Asi pandakagirajuweta kukoreji muNairobi, ndakaenda kuEngland kunodzidza nezvekuongorora zvirwere paLondon University. Ndakazonyanyodzidza nezveuropi hwemunhu.
Zvamakadzidza zvakachinja zvamaitenda here?
Ehe. Pandairamba ndichidzidza nezvesainzi, zvaibva zvandiomera kutenda ngano netsika dzechiHindu, dzakadai sekunamata mhuka nezvidhori.
Nei maitenda dzidziso yeevolution?
Ndichiri mudiki, vanhu vakawanda kwataigara vaitenda kuti kushanduka shanduka kwevanhu kwakatangira muAfrica, uye taigara tichizvitaura kuchikoro. Vadzidzisi nemapurofesa epayunivhesiti vaitiudzawo kuti masayendisiti anoremekedzwa anotenda muevolution.
Nei makazochinja zvamaitenda nezvematangiro akaita upenyu?
Pandakanga ndava nemakore ndichidzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu
uye mashandiro azvinoita, mumwe wandaidzidza naye akabva andiudza zvaaidzidziswa kubva muBhaibheri neZvapupu zvaJehovha. Ndakabva ndada kuziva zvakawanda, saka Zvapupu pazvakaita gungano pakoreji yedu muNairobi ndakapindawo. Zvapupu zviviri izvo zvaishanda semamishinari zvakazondidzidzisa zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri. Zvavaitenda zvekuti kune munhu mukuru akagadzira zvinhu ane mhinduro dzemibvunzo mikuru yeupenyu zvairatidza kuti dzaisava ngano. Ndakazvifarira nekuti zvaiva nemusoro.Ruzivo rwenyu mune zvekurapa harwuna kukutadzisai kutenda kuti zvinhu zvakasikwa here?
Aiwa! Pandaidzidza zvakaita muviri wemunhu nemhuka uye zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu, ndaiona kuti zvakagadzirwa nenzira inoshamisa. Saka zvakanga zvisisina musoro kuti nditi zvinhu zvakadaro zvakangoerekana zvavapo.
Tiudzeiwo zvimwe zvacho?
Ndakatanga kudzidza nezveuropi hwemunhu pakutanga kwemakore ekuma1970, uye ndinoramba ndichishamiswa nemashandiro ahunoita. Ndihwo hunoita kuti munhu akwanise kufunga, ayeuke zvinhu uye kuti muviri ukwanise kuita zvinhu zvakawanda zvaunoita. Uropi ndihwo zvakare hunoita kuti tikwanise kuita zvinhu zvakadai sekuravidza, huchiita kuti muviri unzwisise zvinenge zvichiitika kunze nemukati mawo.
Chinonyanya kuita kuti uropi hushande sezvahunoita magadzirirwo uye mashandiro anoshamisa ezvinhu zviri muuropi hwacho uye kushandira pamwe kwemasero anonyanya kuita basa rakakura muuropi anonzi maneuron. Uropi hwedu hune mabhiriyoni nemabhiriyoni emaneuron anotumirana mashoko nemutwunhu twakaita setwutambo twurefu twunonzi maaxon. Kubva mumaaxon aya, neuron rimwe chete rinogona kuva nezviuru zvetwumwe twutambo twudiki twunonzi madendrite twunonobatana nemamwe maneuron. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave netwutambo twakawanda chaizvo twunenge twakabatana batana muuropi! Uyewo, kunyange zvazvo muuropi muine maneuron nemadendrite akawanda, haana kungoita mvenge mvenge, asi akarongeka. Zvakangofanana nekurukana kwakaita tambo dzemagetsi.
Muri Kurevei?
Kurukana ikoko kunoitika zvakanyatsorongeka kutangira panoumbwa mwana mudumbu uye paanozoberekwa. Maneuron anobudisa twutambo kuti twuende kune mamwe maneuron anenge ari masendimita mashoma kubva paari—kumasero ritori daro rakakura iroro. Dzimwe nguva, katambo kacho kanogona kufamba kachinyatsoenda panzvimbo chaiyo inenge ichidiwa yesero racho.
Kuti katambo kanenge kachangobuda paneuron kazive pakari kuenda kanopihwa mirayiridzo yakadai seyekuti “mira,” “enda,” kana kuti “kona” kusvikira kasvika kwakari kuenda. Pasina mirayiridzo iyi katambo kacho kaizorasika. Zvese izvi zvinoitika nenzira yakanyatsorongeka kubvira pamirayiridzo yakanyorwa muDNA yedu.
Kunyange zvakadaro, tichiri kure chaizvo kuti tizosvika pakunzwisisa kuti uropi hunoumbwa sei uye kuti hunoshanda sei. Izvi zvinosanganisira mashandiro ahunoita kuti munhu ayeuke, afunge uye kuti aite zvinhu zvakadai sekufara, kusuwa nezvimwewo. Kwandiri, kungoziva kuti uropi hunoshanda, tisati tatombotaura mashandiro ahunonyatsoita uye maumbirwo ahwo, kunotondiratidza kuti kune munhu ane pfungwa dzinopfuura dzedu nekure.
Nei makava Chapupu chaJehovha?
Zvapupu zvakandiratidza kuti Bhaibheri iShoko raMwari. Semuenzaniso, Bhaibheri harisi bhuku resainzi, asi pese parinotaura nezvesainzi rakarurama. Rinewo uprofita hwechokwadi. Rinobatsirawo vanhu vanoshandisa zvarinodzidzisa muupenyu hwavo. Zvakaitika muupenyu hwangu zvinonyatsoratidza izvozvo. Bhaibheri ndiro riri kunditungamirira kubvira pandakava Chapupu chaJehovha muna 1973. Kurishandisa kwandiri kuita kuri kuita kuti upenyu hwangu huve nechinangwa uye ndigutsikane.