Kubvumwa Kwakaitwa Pakutanga-tanga Kuti Mabhuku eBhaibheri Matsvene

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Kubvumwa Kwakaitwa Pakutanga-tanga Kuti Mabhuku eBhaibheri Matsvene

“MUTSARA mumwe nomumwe unoita sowakanyorerwa kuti umutse havi yevaya vanofarira nhoroondo yekare yechiKristu.” Ndiko kurondedzerwa kwakaitwa rimwe gwaro rekare. Ungafungidzira here kuti igwaro ripi?

Igwaro raungave wakambonzwa nezvaro kana kuti raungave usina kumbonzwa nezvaro—Muratorian Fragment. Chero zvazviri, ungashamisika kuti, ‘Chii chinoita kuti gwaro reMuratorian Fragment’ risiyane chaizvo nemamwe? Ndiwo mupumburu wekare kupfuura mimwe yose, kana kuti une mabhuku anobvumwa kuti ndeechokwadi pamabhuku eMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki.

Ungave usina kumbofungisisa nezvemabhuku ari muBhaibheri. Asi zvingakushamisa here kuziva kuti pane nguva apo vamwe vaiva vasina chokwadi chokuti mabhuku api anofanira kuva muBhaibheri? Gwaro kana kuti mupumburu weMuratorian Fragment, une mabhuku emanyoro anonzi ndiwo akafuridzirwa. Sokunzwisisa kwaunoita, mabhuku anofanira kunge ari muBhaibheri anokosha zvikuru. Saka gwaro iroro rakazivisei nezvemabhuku ava kuumba Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki? Kutanga, ngatikurukurei zvishoma nezvekwakabva gwaro racho.

Kuwanikwa Kwarakaitwa

Gwaro reMuratorian Fragment chikamu chekodhekisi yemanyoro ane mapeji 76 akanyorerwa padehwe, rimwe nerimwe rakareba masendimita 27 uye rakafara masendimita 17. Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672-1750), munyori wenhau aizivikanwa zvikuru wokuItaly, akariwana muAmbrosian Library, Milan, kuItaly. Muratori akabudisa zvaakawana muna 1740, ndokusaka gwaro racho richinzi Muratorian Fragment. Zvinoita sokuti kodhekisi yacho yakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechisere muimba yekare yemamongi yokuBobbio, pedyo nePiacenza, kuchamhembe kweItaly. Rakazotamisirwa kuAmbrosian Library pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17.

Gwaro reMuratorian Fragment rine mitsara 85 yemashoko inowanwa pamapeji 10 uye 11 ekodhekisi yacho. Mashoko acho ari muchiLatin, zviri pachena kuti akakopwa nomunyori akanga asinganyanyongwariri. Asi zvimwe zvaakakanganisa zvakazobudiswa parakaenzaniswa nemashoko akafanana ari mumanyoro mana omumazana emakore echi11 uye echi12.

Rakanyorwa Rini?

Zvisinei, ungashamisika kuti mashoko omuMuratorian Fragment akatanga kunyorwa rini. Zvinoita sokuti manyoro okutanga akanyorwa nechiGiriki mazana emakore akawanda mashoko omuGwaro iri asati anyorwa, ayo akazoshandurirwa muchiLatin. Hechino chimwe chinobatsira kuziva mazuva arakatanga kunyorwa. Gwaro iri rinotaura nezvebhuku risiri muBhaibheri, rinonzi Shepherd, uye rinoti rakanyorwa nomurume anonzi Hermas “munguva pfupi yapfuura, munguva yedu, muguta reRoma.” Nyanzvi dzinoti Hermas akapedzisira kunyora bhuku rinonzi Shepherd pakati pa140 na155 C.E. Saka unogona kuona kuti nei gwaro rokutanga reMuratorian Fragment rakanyorwa muchiGiriki rikazoshandurirwa muchiLatin richinzi ndere gore repakati pa170 na200 C.E.

Kutaura kwarinoita zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga nezveRoma kunoratidza kuti ringadaro rakanyorerwa muguta iroro. Asi hazvinyatsozivikanwi kuti rakanyorwa naani. Zvinonzi pamwe ndiClement wokuArekizandriya, Melito wokuSadhisi, kana kuti Polycrates wokuEfeso. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti ndiHippolytus, uyo akanyora manyoro akawanda muchiGiriki uye aigara muRoma panguva ingangodaro yakanyorwa Muratorian Fragment. Kunyange ungaona izvi sezvisinganyanyi kukosha, ungangodaro uchida kuziva nezvezviri mariri zvinoita kuti rikoshe zvikuru.

Zviri Mariri

Mashoko acho haasi mazita emabhuku eMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki chete. Anotaurawo nezvemabhuku acho uye vakaanyora. Kana ukaverenga mashoko acho, uchaona kuti hapana mitsara yokutanga yemanyoro acho, uye zvinoita sokuti rinongoerekana rapera. Rinotanga nokutaura nezveEvhangeri yaRuka, uye gwaro racho rinotaura kuti munyori webhuku iri reBhaibheri aiva chiremba. (VaKorose 4:14) Rinotaura kuti nhoroondo yaRuka iEvhangeri yechitatu, saka unogona kuona kuti zvingangodaro kuti chikamu chisipo chaitaura nezveEvhangeri dzaMateu naMako. Kana uchigumisa izvozvo, unotsigirwa negwaro reMuratorian Fragment, rinoti Evhangeri yechina ndeyaJohani.

Gwaro iri rinoti bhuku raMabasa eVaapostora raka- nyorwa naRuka achinyorera ai“remekedzwa kwazvo Ti- yofiro.” (Ruka 1:3; Mabasa 1:1) Zvadaro rinoronga tsa- mba dzomuapostora Pauro dzaakanyorera vaKorinde, (mbiri), vaEfeso, vaFiripi, va- Korose, vaGaratiya, vaTesa- ronika (mbiri), vaRoma, Firi- moni, Tito, uye Timoti (mbi- ri.) Tsamba yaJudha netsa- mba mbiri dzaJohani dzi- nonziwo mabhuku akafuridzirwa. Tsamba yokutanga yomuapostora Johani inenge yatotaurwa, pamwe che- te neEvhangeri yake. Apocalypse, kana kuti Zvakazarurwa, ndiro bhuku rokupedzisira pamabhuku anonzi akafuridzirwa.

Zvinokosha kuti Gwaro iri rinotaura nezveZvakazarurwa zvaPetro asi rinoti vamwe vaifunga kuti zvaisafanira kuverengwa nevaKristu. Munyori wacho anonyevera nezvemanyoro asiri echokwadi akanga ava kutoparadzirwa muzuva rake. Gwaro reMuratorian Fragment rinotsanangura kuti manyoro aya haafaniri kugamuchirwa, “nokuti hazvina kukodzera kuti nduru isanganiswe nouchi.” Gwaro racho rinotaurawo nezvemamwe mashoko akanga asingafaniri kuva mumanyoro matsvene. Izvozvo zvingadaro nokuti akanyorwa nguva yevaapostora yapfuura, sezvakaitwa bhuku rinonzi Shepherd rakanyorwa naHermas, kana kuti nokuti akanyorwa kuti atsigire zvinhu zvenhema.

Kubva pane zvataurwa izvi ungave waona kuti tsamba yokuvaHebheru, tsamba mbiri dzaPetro, uye yaJakobho hadzina kutaurwa pamabhuku aya eBhaibheri echokwadi. Zvisinei, ataura nezvounyanzvi hwomunyori akakopa manyoro acho, Dr. Geoffrey Mark Hahneman anoti “zvine musoro kutaura kuti Gwaro iri ringadaro raiva nemamwe mabhuku akarasika, uye kuti Jakobho uye vaHebheru (naPetro Wokutanga) angava aiva mamwe acho.”—The Muratorian Fragment and the Development of the Canon.

Saka gwaro reMuratorian Fragment rinopupurira kuti mabhuku akawanda ava kuwanikwa muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki akanga ava kutonzi ndeechokwadi muzana remakore rechipiri C.E. Asi kutaura kuti mabhuku eBhaibheri matsvene—kureva kodzero yawo yokuiswawo muBhaibheri—hakubvi pakuti akambotaurwa here pamabhuku ekare. Zviri mumabhuku acho eBhaibheri ndizvo zvinopa uchapupu hwokuti akanyorwa nomudzimu mutsvene. Mabhuku acho ose anotsigira kuti Jehovha Mwari ndiye akaanyora uye kuti anonyatsopindirana. Kuwirirana kunoita mabhuku matsvene 66 eBhaibheri kunoratidza kuti akabatana uye akakwana. Saka ungaita zvakanaka kana ukaabvuma sezvaari, seShoko raJehovha rechokwadi rakafuridzirwa, rakachengetwa kusvikira kuzuva redu.—1 VaTesaronika 2:13; 2 Timoti 3:16, 17.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 13]

Ludovico Antonio Muratori

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 14]

Ambrosian Library

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]

Muratorian Fragment

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Diritti Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Vietata la riproduzione. Aut. No. F 157 / 05

[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 13]

NHARIREYOMURINDI—YEKUDZIDZA