nambikkai​—namakku ēn thēvai?

mudhal katturaiyin aarambatthil vivarikkappatta dhaaniyēl manam thalaraamal thodarndhu nambikkaiyudan irundhirundhaal enna aagiyirukkum? putrunōyai samaalitthu indraikku uyirōdu irundhiruppaanaa? gunamaavadharku nambikkai kaikodukkiradhu endra karutthai thīviramaaga aadharippavarumkūda idhai aamōdhikka maattaar. idhildhaan mukkiyamaana kurippē adangiyulladhu. nambikkaiyin valimaiyai oruvar midhaminji madhippida kūdaadhu. ellaavatrirkum adhu arumarundhaagaadhu.

daaktar nēthan charnē enbavar cbs seidhikku pētti alikkumpōdhu, perum vyaadhiyastharukku sigichai tharum vishayatthil nambikkaiyin valimaiyai migaippadutthi kaattuvadhan aabatthai patri echaritthaar: “pōdhiya alavukku dhyaanam seivadhillai, pōdhiya alavukku nambikkaiyaana mananilai illai ena thangaludaiya manaivimaargalai thittugira kanavanmaargaludaiya anubavangalai naangal paartthirukkirōm.” daaktar charnē mēlum kūrinaar: “vyaadhi mutruvadhai thadukka mudiyum endra oru maayatthōtratthai itthagaiya sindhanai uruvaakkiyadhu, nōyaaliyin udalnilai mōsamaagumpōdhu, avar than nōyai pōdhiya alavukku kattuppadutthavillai endru solvadhai pōl irukkiradhu; aanaal idhu endha vidhatthilum nyaayamalla.”

unmaiyil paartthaal, thīraa vyaadhiyaal avadhiyurugiravargal andha nōyōdu migavum pōraadi kondirukkiraargal. avargal padum vēdhanaiyōdu innumadhiga vēdhanaiyai kūtta anbaanavargal orubōdhum virumba maattaargal. appadiyaanaal, nambikkaikku madhippillai endra mudivukku naam vara vēndumaa?

vēndiyadhillai. udhaaranamaaga, adhē daaktar vēdhanaiyai thanikkum sigichai alippadhil nibunaraaga irukkiraar; adhaavadhu, vyaadhiyai nēradiyaaga edhirppadhillai alladhu vaalnaalai nīdippadharkum gavanam selutthuvadhillai, aanaal andha nōyaali uyir pilaitthirukkum varai ōralavu saugariyamaagavum sandhōshamaagavum vaala vaippadharku gavanam selutthugiraar. migavum vyaadhiyaaga iruppavargalukkumkūda, adhiga magilchiyaana mananilaiyai pera udhavum sigichaigalai alippadhaal varum madhippai itthagaiya daaktargal urudhiyaaga nambugiraargal. nambikkai magilchiyaana mananilaiyai tharum​—innum adhiga nanmaiyaiyum tharum​—enbadharku niraiya atthaatchigal irukkindrana.

nambikkaiyin madhippu

“nambikkai valimaimikka sigichai” ena marutthuva idhaliyalaalar daaktar w. jifōrd-jōns aditthu kūrugiraar. thīraa vyaadhiyaal avadhiyurum nōyaaligalukku kodukkappatta unarchippūrva aadharavu endhalavu payanalikkiradhu enbadhan pēril nadatthappatta palvēru aaraaichigalai avar maruparisīlanai seidhaar. ippadippatta aadharavu adhiga nambikkaiyaana mananilaiyai kaatthukkolla avargalukku udhavi seivadhaaga karudhappadugiradhu. 1989-il nadatthappatta ōr aaraaichiyil, itthagaiya aadharavu alikkappatta nōyaaligal nīndakaalam uyir vaalndhadhaaga kandupidikkappattadhu, aanaal samība kaalatthil nadatthappatta aaraaichiyilō adhiga urudhiyaana mudivedukka mudiyavillai. endraalum, unarchippūrva aadharavai perum nōyaaligal appadippatta aadharavai peraadha nōyaaligalaivida kuraindhalavu manachōrvō vēdhanaiyōdhaan adaigiraargal enbadhai aaraaichigal urudhippadutthiyirukkindrana.

irudhaya nōyin vishayatthil nambikkaiyaana matrum nambikkaiyatra mananilai etthagaiya thaakkatthai ērpadutthugiradhu enbadhai patri nadatthappatta matroru aaraaichiyai gavaniyungal. vaalkkaiyai nambikkaiyaana kannōttatthil paarkkiraargalaa illaiyaa enbadhai kuritthu 1,300-kkum adhigamaana aangal gavanamaaga aaraayappattaargal. avargalil 12 sadhavīdhatthinarukkum adhigamaanōr ēdhaavadhu oru vagai irudhaya nōyinaal avadhiyutrirundhaargal enbadhai patthu aandugalukku piragu nadatthappatta aaraaichi kandupiditthadhu. avargalil nambikkaiyatra mananilai udaiyavargal nambikkaiyaana mananilai udaiyavargalaivida 2-kku 1 endra vīdhatthil adhigamaaga irundhanar. podhu sugaadhaaratthai sērndha haarvaard palgalaikkalagatthil udalnalam matrum samūga nadatthai sambandhamaaga udhavi pēraasiriyaraaga panipuriyum laaraa kubsaansgi ivvaaru kurippidugiraar: “‘nambikkaiyōdu sindhippadhu’ ungaludaiya aarōkkiyatthirku nalladhu endra karutthai aadharikkum perumbaalaana atthaatchi matroruvar vaayilaaga perappatta vivarangalin adippadaiyilaanadhu​—irudhaya nōi sambandhappatta thuraiyil indha karutthukku unmaiyaana marutthuva atthaatchi silavatrai indha aaraaichi tharugiradhu.”

thangaludaiya udalnilai nandraaga irukkiradhu ena karudhubavargalaivida thangaludaiya udalnilai mōsamaaga irukkiradhu ena ninaippavargal aruvai sigichaikkuppin medhuvaaga gunamaagiraargal enbadhai sila aaraaichigal kandupiditthirukkindrana. nambikkaiyaana mananilaikkum nīnda aayulukkum thodarbu iruppadhaagavumkūda kandupidikkappattulladhu. mudhumaiyadaivadhai kuritthadhil, nambikkaiyaana matrum edhirmaraiyaana nōkku evvaaru vayadhaanavargalai baadhikkiradhu enbadhai kandariya ōr aaraaichi nadandhadhu. mudhumaiyudan adhiga nyaanatthaiyum anubavatthaiyum inaitthu pēsum, minnal vēgatthil thōndri maraiyum seidhigalai vayadhaanavargal paarkkumpadi seiyappattapōdhu, avargal adharkuppin adhiga balatthudanum thembudanum nadandhu sendradhaaga kandariyappattadhu. sollappōnaal, indha munnētram 12 vaara kaala udarpayairchiyaal kidaikkum palanukku samamaaga irundhadhu!

nambikkai, nambikkaiyaana mananilai, nambikkaiyaana nōkku pōndra unarchigal ēn aarōkkiyam tharuvadhaaga therigiradhu? thittavattamaana badhilai alippadharku vinynyaanigalum marutthuvargalum oruvēlai manidhanudaiya manadhaiyum udalaiyum innum nandraaga purindhukollaamal irukkalaam. aanaalum, indha vishayatthai patri aaraaigira nibunargal ōralavu arivuppūrvamaana thagavalin adippadaiyil ūgippugal seigindranar. udhaaranamaaga, narambiyal pēraasiriyar oruvar ivvaaru kūrugiraar: “magilchiyaagavum nambikkaiyaagavum iruppadhu inbagaramaanadhu. adhanaal kavalaiyum alutthamum miga kuraivaagavē ērpadugiradhu, itthagaiya sūlnilaimaigalil udal selitthōngugiradhu. aagavē, aarōkkiyatthirkaaga manidhan seiyakkūdiya matroru seyal nambikkaiyōdu iruppadhaagum.”

indha ennam sila marutthuvargalukkum ulanōi vallunargalukkum vinynyaanigalukkum pudhumaiyaaga thōndralaam, aanaal baibil maanaakkarukku idhu pudhumaiyaanadhalla. sumaar 3,000 aandugalukku munnar, nyaaniyaagiya saalōmōn raajaa indha karutthai elutthil vadippadharku aaviyaal ēvappattaar: “manamagilchi nalla aushadham; murindha aaviyō elumbugalai ularappannum.” (nīdhimoligal 17:22) indha samanilaiyaana karutthai gavanaiyungal. manamagilchi endhavoru vyaadhiyaiyum gunamaakkividum ena indha vasanam solvadhillai, aanaal adhu “nalla aushadham” endrudhaan solgiradhu.

sollappōnaal, nambikkai oru marundhaaga irundhaal, endha marutthuvardhaan adhai eludhi kodukka maattaar? adhōdu, aarōkkiyam endra vattatthirkum appaal adhiga nanmaigalai nambikkai alikkiradhu.

nambikkaiyaana mananilai, nambikkaiyatra mananilai, ungal vaalkkai

nambikkaiyaana mananilaiyudaiya aatkal pala valigalil payanadaivadhaaga aaraaichiyaalargal kandupiditthirukkiraargal. palliyil, vēlai seiyumidatthil, vilaiyaattu thuraiyilkūda avargal sirappaaga seigiraargal. udhaaranamaaga, pengal thadagala aniyai patri ōr aaraaichi nadatthappattadhu. payairchiyaalargal andha pengalin vilaiyaattu thiramaigalai mattumē nūlpiditthaar pōla madhippittaargal. adhēsamayatthil, andha pengalidam sutraaivu nadatthappattu, avargaludaiya nambikkaiyin alavu gavanamaaga madhippidappattadhu. vilaiyaattu thiramaigalaivida nambikkaiyin alavē avargal vetri peruvaargalaa illaiyaa enbadhai thulliyamaai suttikkaattiyadhaaga kandupidikkappattadhu. nambikkaikku ēn indhalavu valimaimikka selvaakku irukkiradhu?

nambikkaiyaana mananilaikku edhiridaiyaana nambikkaiyatra mananilaiyai patri aaraaivadhan mūlam niraiya vishayangal katrukkollappattullana. 1960-kkalil, mirugangalin nadatthai sambandhamaana parisōdhanaigal edhirpaaraadha thagavalai kodutthana. adhu, “katrukkollappadum nambikkaiyatra mananilai” (learned helplessness) endra sotrodarai uruvaakkuvadharku avargalai valinadatthiyadhu. manidharumkūda idhupōndra kōlaarinaal avadhiyurakkūdum enbadhai avargal kandupiditthanar. udhaaranamaaga, aaivil utpadutthappatta manidhargal kaattu katthalaana iraichalai kētkumpadi seiyappattanar, thodarchiyaana battangalai alutthuvadhan mūlam adhai nirutthividalaam endrum avargalidam sollappattadhu. andha iraichalai nirutthuvadhil avargal vetri kandanar.

irandaavadhu thogudhiyinarum adhaiyē seiyumpadi kēttukkollappattanar​—aanaal battangalai alutthiyum iraichal nirkavillai. nīngal karpanai seigirapadi, irandaavadhu thogudhiyilirundha anēgar nambikkaiyatra mananilaiyai valartthu kondaargal. pirpaadu nadatthappatta sōdhanaigalil, endhavoru nadavadikkaiyum eduppadharku avargal thayanginaargal. enna seidhaalum ondrum thēra pōvadhillai endrē urudhiyaaga ninaitthaargal. aanaal, irandaavadhu thogudhiyinarilumkūda, nambikkaiyaana mananilaiyudaiyavargal mananthalara marutthuvittaargal.

andha aaramba parisōdhanaigal silavatrai thayaarippadharku udhaviya daaktar maarttin selikman nambikkaiyaana mananilaiyaiyum nambikkaiyatra mananilaiyaiyum aaraayum padippai mērkollumpadi undhuvikkappattaar. laayakkatravargal endra manachaaivudaiyavargal velippadutthiya sindhaiyai avar gavanamaaga aaraaindhaar. itthagaiya nambikkaiyatra mananilai vaalkkaiyil anēga nadavadikkaigalil īdupaduvadhai kadinamaakkugiradhu alladhu mutrilum seyalatra nilaikku thallugiradhu. nambikkaiyatra mananilaiyaiyum adhan vilaivugalaiyum selikman ivvaaru thogutthuraikkiraar: “thunbatthirku naamdhaan kaaranam, adhu appadiyēdhaan irukkum, naam seigira ellaavatraiyum naasamaakkividum ena naam palakkamaagavē nambinaal, innumadhiga thunbamē namakku nēridum enbadhai ennudaiya irubatthaindhu varudakaala aaraaichi ennai namba vaitthirukkiradhu.”

mērkurippidappatta itthagaiya mudivugal silarukku pudhidhaaga thōndralaam, aanaal baibil maanaakkarukku avai kēlvippatta ondraagavē dhonikkindrana. “aabatthu kaalatthil nī sōrndhu pōvaayaanaal, un belan kuruginadhu” endra nīdhimoliyai gavaniyungal. (nīdhimoligal 24:10) aam, edhirmaraiyaana sindhaigaludankūdiya sōrvu, ungaludaiya balatthai urinjividum ena baibil thelivaaga vilakkugiradhu. appadiyaanaal, nambikkaiyatra mananilaiyai edhirtthu pōraadi, ungaludaiya vaalkkaiyil nambikkaiyai pera edhu udhavum?

[padam]

nambikkai adhiga nanmai tharugiradhu