Muʻaki Fakapapauʻiʻanga ʻo e Tohi Fakamoʻoniʻanga ʻo e Tohi Tapú

“ʻOKU hā ngali ko e foʻi laine kotoa pē kuo hiki tautefito ia ke ne langaʻi e fieʻilo ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku nau maʻu ha mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he muʻaki hisitōlia faka-Kalisitiané.” Ko e anga ia ʻo hono fakamatalaʻi ʻo ha pepa fakamoʻoni ʻi he kuonga muʻá. ʻE lava ke ke sioloto atu ko e pepa fakamoʻoni fē?

Ko e pepa fakamoʻoni ia kuó ke fanongo aí pe ʻikai—ʻa e Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí. Pe ko e hā pē ʻa e tuʻungá, te ke fifili nai, ‘Ko e hā ʻokú ne ʻai ʻa e Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí ʻo fuʻu makehé?’ Ko e tohi fakamoʻoniʻanga motuʻa taha ia ʻoku lolotonga maʻú, pe lisi falalaʻanga ʻo e ngaahi tohi ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiané.

Te ke pehē nai ʻe koe ʻoku moʻoni ʻo ʻikai ha toe fakamatala lahi ange ʻoku kau ʻa e ngaahi tohi pau ki he Tohi Tapú. Neongo ia, ʻe fakaʻohovaleʻi nai koe ke ʻiloʻi naʻe ʻi ai ha taimi ia ʻa ia naʻe tālaʻa ai ʻa e niʻihi pe ko fē ʻa e tohi taki taha ʻoku totonu ke fakakaú? Ko e Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí pe tohi fakamoʻoniʻangá, ʻoku ʻi ai ha lisi ai ʻo e ngaahi tohi ne vakai ki ai naʻe fakamānavaʻí. Hangē ko ia ʻoku lava ke ke mahinoʻí, ko e meʻa tofu pē ʻi loto ʻi he Tohi Tapú ʻoku mātuʻaki mahuʻinga ia. Ko ia ai, ko e hā naʻe fakahā ʻe he pepa fakamoʻoni ko iá ʻo fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi tohi ʻa ia ʻoku faʻuʻaki he taimí ni ʻa e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiané? Sai, fēfē ke tau ʻuluaki lāulea angé ki he hisitōlia ʻo fekauʻaki mo e pepa fakamoʻoní.

Ko Hono ʻIloʻí

Ko e Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí ko e konga ia ʻo ha codex maniusikilipi ʻo e ngaahi lauʻi kiliʻimanu ʻe 76, ko hono fuá taki taha ko e senitimita ʻe 27 hono lōloá mo e senitimita ʻe 17 hono fālahí. Ko Lutoviko ʻEnitōnio Mulatoli (1672-1750), ko ha faihisitōlia ʻĪtali tuʻu-ki-muʻa, naʻá ne ʻiloʻi ia ʻi he Laipeli Ambrosian ʻi Mīlani, ʻĪtali. Naʻe pulusi ʻe Mulatoli ʻa e meʻa naʻá ne ʻiloʻí ʻi he 1740, pea ko ia ko hono uí ia ko e—Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí. ʻOku hā ngali naʻe faʻu ʻa e codex ʻi he senituli hono valú ʻi he monasiteliō motuʻa ko Bobbio, ofi ki Piacenza ʻi ʻĪtali tokelau. Naʻe ʻave ia ki he Laipeli Ambrosian ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo e senituli hono 17.

ʻOku faʻuʻaki ʻa e Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí ʻa e konga tohi laine ʻe 85 ʻoku maʻu ʻi he lauʻipepa hono 10 mo e 11 ʻo e codex. Ko e konga tohí ʻoku ʻi he faka-Latiná, ʻa ia ʻoku hā mahino naʻe hiki  tatau ia ʻe ha sikalaipe ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai te ne fuʻu tokanga. Ka ko e niʻihi ʻo ʻene ngaahi halá kuo fakapapauʻi ia ʻaki hono fakahoa ia pea mo e konga tohi tatau naʻe kau ʻi he ngaahi maniusikilipi ʻe fā ʻi he senituli hono 11 mo e 12.

Naʻe Hiki Iá ʻAnefē?

Neongo ia, te ke fifili nai pe ko fē taimi naʻe muʻaki hiki ai ʻa e fakamatala ʻi he Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí. ʻOku hā ngali ko e muʻaki tataú naʻe faʻu ia ʻi he faka-Kalisí ʻi he laui senituli ki muʻa ʻi he konga tohi he Kongokongá, ʻa ia ko ha liliu faka-Latina ia ʻo e faka-Kalisí. Ko ha ʻiloʻanga ʻeni ʻoku tokoni ki hono tala e taimi ʻo e muʻaki tataú. ʻOku lave ʻa e Kongokongá ki ha tohi ʻoku ʻikai Fakatohitapu, ko e Shepherd, pea ʻoku fakamatala ai ʻo pehē naʻe hanga ʻe ha tangata ko hono hingoá ko Heamasi ʻo tohi ia “ki muí ni ʻaupito mai, ʻi hotau taimí, ʻi he kolo ko Lomá.” ʻOku tala ʻe he kau mataotaó ko e taimi ʻo hono hiki fakaʻosi ʻo e Shepherd ʻa Heamasí naʻe ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e 140 ki he 155 T.S. Ko ia ʻe lava ke ke sio ai ki he ʻuhinga ʻoku tala ai ʻa e taimi ʻo e muʻaki lea faka-Kalisi ʻo e Kongokonga Faka-Mulatoli faka-Latiná ki he vahaʻa ʻo e 170 ki he 200 T.S.

Ko e maʻuʻanga fakamatala hangatonu mo taʻefakahangatonu ki Lomá ʻoku fakahuʻunga ia ai naʻe lava ʻo hiki nai ia ʻi he kolo ko iá. Ka ʻoku fakakikihiʻi ʻa hono fakapapauʻi ʻo e tokotaha faʻu-tohí. Kuo fakahuʻunga ko Kelemeni ʻo ʻAlekisanituliá, Melito ʻo Sātisí pea mo Polikeletisi ʻo ʻEfesoó ʻa e kau faʻu-tohí. Kae kehe, ko e kau mataotao tokolahi ʻoku nau tuhu kinautolu kia Hipolaitasi, ko ha tokotaha faʻu-tohi lahi ia ʻa ia naʻá ne tohi ʻi he faka-Kalisí pea naʻe nofo ʻi Loma lolotonga ʻa e vahaʻa taimi ʻa ia ʻoku hangehangē naʻe faʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻi loto ʻi he Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí. Lolotonga te ke ʻiloʻi nai ʻoku mahuʻinga siʻisiʻi iá, te ke saiʻia nai ke ʻilo lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi meʻa ʻi lotó ʻa ia ʻokú ne ʻai ia ke mātuʻaki mahuʻingá.

Fakamatala ʻOku ʻI Aí

Ko e konga tohí ʻoku ʻikai ko ha lisi pē ia ʻo e ngaahi tohi ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Kalisí. ʻOku toe fakamatala foki ai ki he ngaahi tohí pea mo honau kau faʻu-tohí tāutaha. Kapau te ke lau ʻa e konga tohí, te ke sio ai ko e ngaahi ʻuluaki laine ʻo e maniusikilipí ʻoku pulia ia, pea ʻoku toe hā ngali foki ke ngata fakafokifā. ʻOku kamata ia ʻaki ʻa e lave ki he Kōsipeli ʻa Luké, pea ʻoku fakamatala ʻa e pepa fakamoʻoní ʻo pehē ko e tokotaha-tohi ʻo e tohi Fakatohitapu ko ʻení ko ha toketā. (Kolose 4:14) ʻOku fakamatala ai ko e tohi Luké ko e Kōsipeli hono tolú ia, ko ia ʻe lava ke ke sio ai ko e konga ʻuluaki ko ia ʻoku pulí ʻoku hā ngalingali naʻe fakamatala ia ai ki he ongo Kōsipeli ʻa Mātiu mo Maʻaké. Kapau ko hoʻo fakamulitukú ia, te ke maʻu ʻa e poupou ʻi he Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí, ʻa ia ʻoku lau ai ʻo pehē ko e Kōsipeli hono faá ʻa ē ʻa Sioné.

 ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻe he Kongokongá ko e tohi Ngāue ʻa e kau ʻApositoló naʻe hiki ia ʻe Luke maʻa “Tiofilusi lelei.” (Luke 1:​3, PM; Ngāue 1:1) ʻOku hoko atu leva ki he fakahokohoko ʻo e ngaahi tohi ʻa e ʻapositolo ko Paulá ki he kau Kolinitoó (ua), ki he kau ʻEfesoó, ki he kau Filipaí, ki he kau Kolosé, ki he kau Kalētiá, ki he kau Tesalonaiká (ua), ki he kau Lomá, kia Filimone, kia Taitusi pea kia Tīmote (ua). Ko e tohi ʻa Siutasí pea mo e ongo tohi ʻa Sioné ʻoku toe lave ki ai ko e ongo tohi naʻe fakamānavaʻi. Ko e ʻuluaki tohi ʻa e ʻapositolo ko Sioné naʻe ʻosi lave ia ki ai, fakataha mo ʻene Kōsipelí. Ko e ʻApokalipí, pe Fakahaá, ʻokú ne fakaʻosi ʻa e fakahokohoko ʻo e ngaahi tohi ne lau naʻe fakamānavaʻí.

ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e lave ʻa e Kongokongá ki he ʻApokalipi ʻa Pitá ka ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻo pehē naʻe ongoʻi ʻe he niʻihi ia ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke lau ia ʻe he kau Kalisitiané. ʻOku fakatokanga ʻa e tokotaha-tohi ʻo e Kongokongá ʻo pehē naʻe ʻosi takai holo ʻa e ngaahi tohi loi ia ʻi hono ʻahó. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí ʻo pehē ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke tali ʻa e ngaahi tohi loi ko ʻení, “he ʻoku ʻikai feʻungamālie ke fio ʻa e meʻa tamalá pea mo e honé.” ʻOku toe lave foki ʻa e tohi fakamoʻoní ki he ngaahi konga tohi kehé ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai fiemaʻu ke fakakau ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi tohi māʻoniʻoní. ʻOku peheé koeʻuhí naʻe hiki kinautolu ia ʻi he hili ʻa e vahaʻa taimi ʻo e kau ʻapositoló, ʻo hangē ko e Shepherd ʻa Heamasí, pe koeʻuhí naʻe hiki kinautolu ia ke poupouʻiʻaki ʻa e ngaahi lotu-heé.

Mahalo kuó ke fakatokangaʻi mei he fakamatala kuo ʻosi lave ki aí ko e tohi ki he kau Hepeluú, ongo tohi ʻa Pitá pea mo ē ʻa Sēmisí ʻoku ʻikai lave ia ki ai ʻi he katiloka ko ʻeni ʻo e ngaahi tohi Tohi Tapu alafalalaʻangá. Kae kehe, hili e lave ki he pōtoʻi fakaengāue ʻo e sikalaipe naʻá ne hiki-tatau ʻa e maniusikilipí, ʻoku lave ʻa Dr. Geoffrey Mark Hahneman ʻo pehē ʻoku “ʻuhinga lelei ke fakahuʻunga naʻe ʻi he Kongokongá nai ʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga fakamatala kehe kuo mole he taimi ní, pea ko Sēmisi mo Hepelū (mo e 1 Pita) naʻe kau nai ia ʻiate kinautolu.”—The Muratorian Fragment and the Development of the Canon.

Ko ia ʻoku fakapapauʻi ai ʻe he Kongokonga Faka-Mulatolí ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi tohi ʻoku maʻu he taimí ni ʻi he Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiané naʻe ʻosi lau ia ʻoku kau ʻi he Tohi Tapú he senituli hono uá T.S. Ko e moʻoni, ko e kau moʻoni ʻo e ngaahi tohi Tohi Tapú—ʻa ia ko ʻenau totonu ke fakakau ʻi he laipeli fakaʻotuá—ʻoku ʻikai fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he lave kiate kinautolu ʻi ha lisi pau motuʻa. Ko e meʻa ʻokú ne ʻomi ʻa e fakamoʻoni ko e ngaahi tohi Tohi Tapú ko e koloa kinautolu ʻa e laumālie māʻoniʻoní ko e fakamatala ʻi lotó. Ko e kotoa ʻo e ngaahi tohi Tohi Tapú ʻoku nau pouaki ʻa e tuʻunga faʻu-tohi ʻa Sihova ko e ʻOtuá pea ʻoku nau fehoanakimālie fakaʻaufuli. Ko e fehoanakimālie mo e mafamafatatau ʻo e ngaahi tohi ʻe 66 ʻoku kau moʻoni ʻi he Tohi Tapú ʻoku fakamoʻoni ia ki heʻenau fāʻūtaha mo kakató. Ko ia ai, te ke maʻu ʻaonga kapau te ke tali kinautolu ʻi honau tuʻunga totonú, ko e Folofola moʻoni fakamānavaʻi ʻa Sihova, naʻe fakatolonga ʻo aʻu mai ki hotau ʻahó.—1 Tesalonaika 2:13; 2 Timote 3:​16, 17.

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 13]

Lutoviko ʻEnitōnio Mulatoli

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 14]

Ko e Laipeli Ambrosian

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 15]

Ko e Kongokonga Fakamulatolí

[Maʻuʻanga]

Diritti Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Vietata la riproduzione. Aut. No. F 157/05

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Ngaahi kongokonga: Diritti Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Vietata la riproduzione. Aut. No. F 157/05; Mulatoli, makatuʻunga ʻi he tā fakatātā: © 2005 Brown Brothers