Mu Baibolo lizgu lakuti “mzimu” lili kufuma ku lizgu Lachihebere lakuti neʹphesh kweniso Lachigiriki lakuti psy·kheʹ. Mu Chihebere lizgu ili likung’anamura “chamoyo icho chikuthuta,” ndipo mu Chigiriki likung’anamura “chinthu chamoyo.” a Ntheura, mzimu ni chamoyo chose chamusuma, ni chinthu chinyake icho chikulutilira kuŵa na umoyo para chamoyo chafwa yayi. Wonani umo Baibolo likulongolera kuti mzimu wa munthu ni munthu yose wamusuma:

•   Yehova Chiuta wakati walenga munthu wakwamba, Adamu, Baibolo likuti “munthu wakazgoka mzimu wamoyo.” (Genizesi 2:7, Tumbuka Bible) Adamu wakapika mzimu yayi, kweni wakazgoka mzimu wamoyo, panji kuti munthu wamoyo.

•   Baibolo likuti mzimu ukugwira ntchito, kudokera chakurya, kurya, kupulikira malango, na kukhwaska thupi la chinthu chakufwa. (Levitiko 5:2; 7:20; 23:30; Dotoronome 12:20; Ŵaroma 13:1) Vinthu ivi wakuchita ni munthu yose wamusuma.

Kasi mzimu ukufwa yayi?

 Mzimu ukufwa. Mavesi ghanandi gha mu Baibolo ghakulongora kuti mzimu ukufwa. Wonani viyelezgero ivi:

•   “Mzimu uwo ukwananga, utiufwenge.”—Ezekiyeli 18:4, 20, Tumbuka Bible.

•   Mu nyengo ya Ŵaisrayeli, munthu uyo wachita kwananga kukuru wakapikanga chilango chakuti “[mzimu wake] wadumulike.” (Ekisodo 12:15, 19; Levitiko 7:20, 21, 27; 19:8, Tumbuka Bible) Munthu uyo wakeneranga ‘kukomeka.’​—Ekisodo 31:14, Tumbuka Bible.

•   Mu mavesi ghanyake mu Baibolo, mazgu ghakuti “mzimu wakufwa” ghakung’anamura chitanda. (Levitiko 21:11; Maŵazgo 6:6) Nangauli mu Mabaibolo ghanandi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghakuti “thupi lakufwa” panji kuti “munthu wakufwa,” kweni mu Chihebere chakwambilira ŵakagwiliskira ntchito lizgu lakuti neʹphesh, panji kuti “mzimu.”

Mazgu ghakuti “mzimu” ghangang’anamura “umoyo”

 Baibolo likugwiliskiraso ntchito lizgu lakuti “mzimu” kung’anamura “umoyo.” Mwachiyelezgero, pa Yobu 33:22 pali lizgu la Chihebere lakuti “mzimu” (neʹphesh) kung’anamura “umoyo.” Mwakuyana waka, Baibolo likulongora kuti mzimu wa munthu, panji kuti umoyo, ungaŵa pangozi panji ungatayika.​—Ekisodo 4:19; Ŵeruzgi 9:17; Ŵafilipi 2:30.

 Umo ŵalongosolera ng’anamuro la lizgu lakuti “mzimu,” vikovwira kupulikiska makora mavesi agho ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghakuti mzimu “ukufumamo” panji kuti “ukuruta.” (Genizesi 35:18; Tumbuka Bible) Fundo iyi yikulongora kuti umoyo wa munthu ukumara. Mu Mabaibolo ghanyake mazgu agha, gha pa Genizesi 35:18 ŵali kughalemba kuti “wakamalizgikanga.”—Mazgu gha Chiuta mu Kang’anamuliro Kaphya.

Kasi chisambizgo chakuti mzimu ukufwa yayi chili kufuma nkhu?

 Visopa vya Chikhristu ivyo vikugomezga kuti mzimu ukufwa yayi ndivyo vikuthandazga chisambizgo chautesi ichi, icho mu Baibolo mulije, kweni chili kufuma ku vinjeru vya ŵanthu ivyo Ŵagiriki ŵakasambizganga. Buku la Encyclopædia Britannica likuti: “Nkhani za mu Baibolo izo zikuyowoya za mzimu kanandi zikuyowoya za chinthu icho chikuthuta ndipo zikuyowoyapo yayi kuti thupi na mzimu ni vinthu viŵiri vyakupambana. Chisambizgo chakuti mzimu na thupi ni vinthu viŵiri vyakupambana, icho Ŵakhristu ŵanyake ŵakugomezga chili kufumira ku Ŵagiriki ŵakale.”

 Chiuta wakutinkha kuti ŵanthu ŵasazgenge visambizgo vyake na vinjeru vya ŵanthu, nga ntchisambizgo chakuti mzimu ukufwa yayi. M’malo mwake Baibolo likutichenjezga kuti: “Chenjerani kuti paŵavye munthu wamukorani wuzga, kwizira mu vinjeru vya charu na upusikizgi wawaka, kwakuyana na maluso gha ŵanthu.”​—Ŵakolose 2:8.