Bible no a Wɔayɛ no Po Biako

NEA ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahwɛ Bible so akyerɛw bi no, tete Kristofo no na wodii kan de nsaano nkyerɛwee—ɛnyɛ nhoma mmobɔwee, na mmom nhoma—dii dwuma. Nanso Kristofo no amfi ase ntɛm ara sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛw ne nyinaa abom ayɛ no po biako a Bible mu nhoma nyinaa wom. Flavius Cassiodorus na ofii dwumadi titiriw a ɛne sɛ ɔbɛma wɔatintim Bible a wɔayɛ no po biako no pii ase wɔ afeha a ɛto so asia no mu.

Wɔwoo Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus wɔ bɛyɛ 485-490 Y.B. too abusua bi a na wodi yiye mu wɔ Calabria a ɛwɔ ɛnnɛyi Italy anafo fam tɔnn no. Ɔtraa ase wɔ Italy abakɔsɛm mu bere a na emu yɛ den mu, bere a na Gothfo ne afei Byzantinefo te asase hwene so hɔ no. Bere a Cassiodorus dii bɛyɛ mfe 60 anaa 70 no, osii Vivarium nkokorafie ne nhomakorabea wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn ne fie wɔ Squillace, Calabria.

Bible Samufo a Ɔde Ahwɛyiye Yɛɛ Adwuma

Ná Cassiodorus ahiasɛm biako ne sɛ nnipa nsa betumi aka Bible no. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Peter Brown kyerɛwee sɛ: “Cassiodorus fam no, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde Latin nhoma nyinaa di dwuma boa ma nnipa nsa ka Kyerɛwnsɛm no bi. Na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nneɛma a wɔde dii dwuma kan wɔ akenkan ne akyerɛw mu no di dwuma sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛma wɔate Kyerɛwnsɛm no ase na wɔde ahokokwaw ahwɛ so akyerɛw bi. Te sɛ okyinnsoromma a wɔahyehyɛ no foforo no, na ɛsɛ sɛ Latin amammerɛ twa Onyankopɔn Asɛm a ɛte sɛ owia no ho hyia wɔ wim.”

Cassiodorus boaboaa nsɛm asekyerɛfo ne nsɛmhyehyɛfo ano wɔ Vivarium nkokorafie hɔ ma wɔboaboaa Bible mũ no nyinaa ano hwehwɛɛ mu, na wɔahwehwɛ Bible no nyinaa mu yiye de ahwɛyiye ayɛ samufo adwuma no. Ɔde adwuma no hyɛɛ nhomanimfo kakraa bi nsa. Na ɛsɛ sɛ eyinom kwati sɛ wɔbɛpere wɔn ho ayɛ nsakrae wɔ nea wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ akyerɛwfo mfomso no mu. Sɛ asɛm bi sɔre wɔ sɛnea na wɔhyehyɛ nsɛm no ho a, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ tete Bible nsaano nkyerɛwee mu mmom sen sɛ wobedi Latin kasa a wogye tom kɛse no akyi. Cassiodorus hyɛe sɛ: “Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkora . . . nsɛm a asete yɛ den so efisɛ kyerɛwsɛm a wogye tom sɛ efi honhom mu no nyɛ nea wobetumi asɛe no. . . . Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkora sɛnea wɔka Bible mu nsɛm, kasakoa, ne kasatɔmmɛ so, ɛmfa ho sɛ Latin de no ma ɛyɛ soronko no, na saa ara nso na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ‘Hebri’ din ahorow nso.”—The Cambridge History of the Bible.

Grandior Nsaano Nkyerɛwee No

Wɔmaa akyerɛwfo a na wɔwɔ Vivarium nkokorafie hɔ no ahyɛde sɛ, anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔnyɛ Latin Bible no ahorow abiɛsa. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na Latin kyerɛwsɛm Dedaw, nkyerɛase a ɛbae wɔ afeha a ɛto so abien awiei mu no yɛ emu biako a na ɛwɔ apo akron. Nea ɛto so abien a wɔyɛe no ne Latin Vulgate, a Jerome wiei wɔ bɛyɛ afeha a ɛto so anum mfiase mu no. Wɔyɛɛ nea ɛto so abiɛsa, Grandior Nsaano Nkyerɛwee, a ɛkyerɛ “nsaano nkyerɛwee akɛse” no fii Bible nkyerɛwee abiɛsa mu. Abien a etwa to no nyinaa kaa Bible mu nhoma no nyinaa boom yɛɛ no po biako.

Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ Cassiodorus na odii kan yɛɛ Latin  Bible a ɛwɔ po biako na ɔde edin pandectae too so no. * Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ohuu hia a ehia sɛ wɔka Bible mu nhoma nyinaa bom yɛ no po biako na ama wɔakwati adwuma a egye bere a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ apo ahorow mu no.

Efi Italy Anafo Fam Kosi Britania Nsupɔw So

Cassiodorus wu akyi bere tiaa bi (bɛyɛ 583 Y.B.) no, wofii Grandior Nsaano Nkyerɛwee no ase. Saa bere no na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ woyii Vivarium nhoma no bi kɔɔ Lateran nhomakorabea a ɛwɔ Rome no. Wɔ 678 Y.B. no, Engiresi-Germanfo nkokorafie panyin Ceolfrith de nsaano nkyerɛwee no hyɛɛ ne ho baa Britania Nsupɔw no so bere a na ofi Rome reba no. Enti ɛkɔkaa Wearmouth ne Jarrow nkokorafie abien no apɛgyade a na Ceolfrith da ano, a ɛnnɛ, ɛyɛ Northumbria a ɛwɔ England no ho.

Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ Ceolfrith ne ne nkokorafo na ɛda adi sɛ wɔn ani gyee sɛnea wotumi de Cassiodorus Bible a ɛbom biako no dii dwuma a wɔammrɛ ho no ho. Enti wɔ mfe kakraa bi ntam no, wɔkekaa Bible foforo abiɛsa boboom yɛɛ emu biara po biako. Eyinom mu nea ɛda so wɔ hɔ ne nsaano nkyerɛwee a wɔfrɛ no Amiatinus Nsaano Nkyerɛwee no. Wɔkyerɛw guu nantwi nhoma 2,060 a emu biara tenten yɛ sɛntimita 51 na ne trɛw yɛ sɛntimita 33 so. Sɛ ne nnuraho no ka ho a, ne pipiripi yɛ sɛntimita 25 na emu duru boro kilogram 34. Ɛno ne Latin Bible a ɛbom biako a akyɛ sen biara a ɛda so ara wɔ hɔ nnɛ. Afeha a ɛso to 19 mu Bible ho nimdefo a wagye din Fenton J. A. Hort huu nsaano nkyerɛwee no wɔ 1887 mu. Yehu sɛnea Hort ani gyei wɔ asɛm a ɔkae yi mu: “[Nsaano nkyerɛwee] soronko yi yɛ anwonwade kɛse ma nnɛɛmmafo mpo.”

Wɔde Ba Italy Bio

Mprempren, Grandior Nsaano Nkyerɛwee a edi kan a Cassiodorus ma wɔkyerɛwee no ayera. Nanso bere a wowiee Engiresi-Germanfo Amiatinus Latin Nsaano Nkyerɛwee no ara pɛ na wɔsan de kɔɔ Italy. Bere tiaa bi ansa na Ceolfrith rewu no, osii gyinae sɛ ɔbɛsan akɔ Rome. Ɔde ne Latin Bible nsaano nkyerɛwee abiɛsa no mu biako kɔkyɛɛ Pope Gregory II. Ceolfrith wui wɔ kwan mu wɔ 716 Y.B. mu wɔ Langres, France. Nanso akwantufo no de ne Bible no toaa akwantu no so. Akyiri yi wɔde nsaano nkyerɛwee nhoma no kaa nhoma a ɛwɔ Bepɔw Amiata nkokorafie a ɛwɔ Italy mfinimfini fam hɔ no ho, na ɛhɔ na wɔtoo no din Amiatinus Nsaano Nkyerɛwee. Wɔ 1782 mu no, wɔde nsaano nkyerɛwee no kɔɔ Medicean-Laurentian Nhomakorabea wɔ Florence, Italy, faako a ɛda so ara ka nhomakorabea no agyapade a ɛsom bo sen biara ho no.

Nkɛntɛnso bɛn na Grandior Nsaano Nkyerɛwee no anya wɔ yɛn so? Efi Cassiodorus bere so no, akyerɛwfo ne nhoma tintimfo ani akɔ so agye ho sɛ wɔbɛyɛ Bible a ɛbom biako. Ɛde besi nnɛ no, Bible no a wɔayɛ no saa ama yɛn no ama ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ nkurɔfo bɛhwɛ mu, na ama wɔanya nkɛntɛnso a ebetumi anya wɔ wɔn asetra so no so mfaso.—Hebrifo 4:12.

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

[Asase mfonini wɔ kratafa 29]

(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ awie no a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)

Ɔkwan a Grandior twae

Vivarium nkokorafie

Rome

Jarrow

Wearmouth

Ɔkwan a Amiatinus twae

Jarrow

Wearmouth

Bepɔw Amiata

Florence

[Asɛm Fibea]

Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 30]

Atifi: Amiatinus Nkyerɛwee Benkum: Ezra mfonini wɔ Amiatinus Nkyerɛwee no mu

[Asɛm Fibea]

Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Firenze