Ɔko Asesa Nnansa Yi

ATIRIMMƆDENSƐM akɔ so wɔ ɔko mu bere nyinaa. Asɛe asraafo asetra bere nyinaa, na ama ɔmanfo ahu amane bere nyinaa. Nanso, nnansa yi ɔko asesa. Ɔkwan bɛn so?

Ɛnnɛyi akodi yɛ amanko titiriw—ɔman biako mufo a wɔne wɔn ho wɔn ho di ako. Amanko to ntaa ntwa da, ɛma ehu ka ɔmanfo no kɛse, na ɛsɛe aman pasaa sen akodi a ɛkɔ so wɔ amanaman ntam no. Spaniani abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Julián Casanova ka sɛ: “Atirimɔdensɛm kɔ so wɔ amanko mu, wɔka mogya pii gu ma nnipa mpempem pii wuwu, wɔto mmonnaa wom, ɛma afoforo guan fi wɔn nkurow anaa wɔn aman mu, na nea ɛsen biara no, wɔtɔre mmusuakuw ase.” Nokwarem no, sɛ ɔmannifo yɛ ɔmannifo atirimmɔdenne a, ɛyawdi a efi mu ba no betumi atra hɔ mfirihyia ɔhaha pii.

Efi bere a Apuei ne Atɔe Ntam Ntawntawdi baa awiei no, ɛda adi sɛ aman ne aman ntam akodi kakraa bi pɛ na akɔ so. Stockholm Amanaman Ntam Asomdwoe Ho Nhwehwɛmu Ahyehyɛde (SIPRI) no bɔ amanneɛ sɛ: “Akodi akɛse a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ 1990-2000 mfe no mu nyinaa yɛ amanko, gye emu abiɛsa pɛ.”

Ɛwom, ebetumi ayɛ sɛ nea amanko nyɛ hu pii, na amanaman ntam nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo betumi abu wɔn ani agu so koraa de, nanso ɛyaw ne adesɛe a akodi a ɛtete saa de ba no haw adwene yiye. Nnipa ɔpepem pii na wɔawuwu wɔ amanko mu. Nokwarem no, wɔ mfirihyia aduonu a atwam mu no, nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem anum na wɔahwere wɔn nkwa wɔ aman abiɛsa pɛ a akodi kɔ so wom no mu—Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, ne Sudan. Nnipa bɛyɛ 250,000 na wɔhweree wɔn nkwa wɔ mmusua ntam akodi a ɛyɛ hu a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Balkan aman so no mu, na wɔakunkum nnipa 100,000 wɔ sum ase akodi a akɔ so bere tenten wɔ Colombia no mu.

Amanko mu atirimɔdensɛm ka mmofra kɛse sen nnipa foforo biara. Sɛnea Amanaman Nkabom Aguanfo Soafo Panyin kyerɛ no, wɔ mfirihyia du a etwaam no mu no, mmofra bɛboro ɔpepem abien na wɔhweree wɔn nkwa wɔ amanko mu. Wopirapiraa ɔpepem asia foforo nso. Wɔatete mmofra pii ma wɔabɛyɛ asraafo. Abofra sraani bi ka sɛ: “Wɔtetee me. Wɔmaa me tuo. Menom nnubɔne. Mikunkum ɔmanfo bebree. Ná ɛyɛ akosɛm ara kwa . . . Nea wɔkae sɛ menyɛ na meyɛe. Ná minim sɛ enye. Ná ɛnyɛ mepɛ.”

Mmofra pii na wɔrenyinyin wɔ aman a amanko abɛyɛ ade a ɛkɔ so daa wɔ hɔ mu a wonhuu asomdwoe da. Wɔtete mmeae a wɔasɛɛsɛe sukuu ne baabi a sɛ́ anka wɔbɛtra ase asiesie wɔn ntam asɛm no, atuo mmom na wɔtotow wɔn ho. Dunja a wadi mfirihyia 14 no ka sɛ: “Wɔakunkum nnipa pii . . . Wonte nnomaa su bio, mmofra a wɔresu hwehwɛ wɔn papa anaa wɔn maame, wɔn nuabarima anaa wɔn nuabea a wɔahwere wɔn nne nkutoo na wote.”

 Dɛn na Ɛde Ba?

Dɛn na ɛde amanko a atirimɔdensɛm wom saa no ba? Mmusua ntam nitan, nyamesom mu ntawntawdi, ntɛnkyea, ne amammuisɛm mu basabasayɛ nyinaa yɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde ba. Ade titiriw foforo ne anibere—anibere a wɔde hwehwɛ tumi ne sika. Mpɛn pii no, amammui akannifo a wɔyɛ anibere kanyan nitan ma ɔko no mu yɛ den. Amanneɛbɔ bi a SIPRI tintimii ka sɛ wɔn a wodi ako no mu pii no, “wɔn ankasa mfaso nti” na wɔde wɔn ho hyem. Amanneɛbɔ no de ka ho sɛ: “Anibere da adi wɔ akwan pii so, efi dɛnkyɛmmo aguadi akɛse a asraafo ne amammui akannifo de wɔn ho hyem so kosi nkuraase nneɛma a mmabun de atuo kɔfow so.”

Akode a edi awu a ne bo nyɛ den a obiara tumi nya bi tɔ no ka ho bi na wodi awu kɛse no. Nea wɔfrɛ no akode nketewa no na wɔde kunkum nnipa bɛyɛ 500,000 afe biara—ne titiriw no mmea ne mmofra. Wɔ Afrika man bi mu no, tuo a wɔfrɛ no AK-47 no bo ne akokɔ bo yɛ pɛ. Ɛyɛ awerɛhow sɛ yɛbɛka sɛ wɔ mmeae bi no, atuo reyɛ abu so sɛ nkokɔ ara pɛ. Mprempren wobu akontaa sɛ akode nketewa no ɔpepem 500 na ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa—nnipa 12 a wɔte ase biara mu 1 wɔ bi.

So amanko a ɛyɛ hu bɛyɛ ade titiriw wɔ afeha a ɛto so 21 yi mu? So wobetumi adi amanko so? So nnipa begyae awudi da bi? Asɛm a edi hɔ no bɛma saa nsɛmmisa yi ho mmuae.

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 4]

Amanko Mu Awerɛhosɛm

Wɔ amanko a wɔmmfa akode a ɛyɛ hu nni dwuma nanso atirimɔdensɛm wom no, nnipa a wowuwu wom no ɔha biara mu 90 yɛ ɔmanfo, na ɛnyɛ akofo. Graça Machel, Amanaman Nkabom Kyerɛwfo Panyin no Nimdefo a Ɔhwɛ Nkɛntɛnso a Akodi Nya Wɔ Mmofra So no ka sɛ: “Ɛda adi pefee sɛ mpɛn pii no, wɔhyɛ da na wokunkum mmofra wɔ akodi mu na ɛnyɛ akwanhyia ara kwa.”

Mmonnaato abɛyɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so di ako. Wɔ mmeae bi a wodi ako no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ atuatewfo no to abeawa biara a wadu mpanyin afe so a wohu no wɔ akuraa biara a wɔko fa no mmonnaa. Mmonnaatofo a wɔte saa no botae ne sɛ wɔnam so bɛma ehu aka nkurɔfo anaasɛ wɔnam so bɛsɛe abusuabɔ pa a wɔwɔ no.

Ɔko de ɔkɔm ne nyarewa ba. Nea efi amanko mu ba ne sɛ wontumi nnua nnɔbae pii na ama wɔatwa nnɔbae pii, na sɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe bi bɛwɔ hɔ mpo a, ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛyɛ adwuma papa, na mmoa a amanaman ntam akuw de ma no kakraa bi pɛ na ɛbɛka ahiafo no nsa. Nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ amanko bi a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Afrika mu no daa no adi sɛ nyarewa na ekunkum nnipa a wowuwui no ɔha biara mu 20, na ɔkɔm kunkum wɔn mu ɔha biara mu 78. Ɔha biara mu 2 pɛ na wowuwui wɔ ɔko no ankasa mu.

Sɛ wɔkyekyɛm pɛpɛɛpɛ a, simma 22 biara mu no, obi tia ɔtopae a wɔde hyɛ fam so ma etwa ne nan anaasɛ ɔhwere ne nkwa. Wobu akontaa sɛ atopae a wɔde hyehyɛ fam ɔpepem 60 kosi ɔpepem 70 na wɔde apete aman bɛboro 60 mu.

Nkurɔfo guan fi wɔn afie. Mprempren, aguanfo ne nnipa a wɔabɔ asesa ɔpepem 50—a wɔn mu fã yɛ mmofra—na wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa.

 [Mfonini Fibea wɔ kratafa 2]

COVER: Boy: Photo by Chris Hondros/Getty Images

[Mfonini Fibea wɔ kratafa 3]

Photo by Chris Hondros/Getty Images