Bible Nhoma Ahorow a Wogye Toom Tete No

“ƐTE sɛ nea wɔhyɛɛ da kyerɛw nsɛm no mu biara sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ wohu tete Kristofo abakɔsɛm mu no ani begye ho.” Eyi ne asɛm a wɔka faa tete kyerɛwtohɔ bi ho. Ɛyɛ kyerɛwtohɔ bɛn?

Ɛyɛ nea ebia woate anaa wontee ho asɛm da—Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no. Sɛnea ɛte biara no, ebia wubebisa sɛ, ‘Dɛn na ɛma Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no da nsow saa?’ Ɛyɛ nhoma a akyɛ sen biara a ɛbobɔ Kristofo Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu nhoma horow no din.

Ebia ɛho renhia wo pii sɛ wubehu nea ɛyɛe a nhoma ahorow bi bɛkaa Bible mu nhoma ho. Nanso ɛbɛyɛ wo nwonwa sɛ wubehu sɛ, bere bi na nnipa binom nhu nhoma a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ka Bible no ho? Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no ma yehu nkyerɛwee a na wobu no sɛ efi honhom mu no. Sɛnea wunim no, nsɛm a ɛwɔ Bible mu no ho hia paa. Enti dɛn na kyerɛwtohɔ no ma yehu wɔ nhoma a seesei ɛbom yɛ Kristofo Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm no ho? Sɛ saa na ɛte a, ɛnde yenni kan nsusuw nea ɛyɛe a wɔkyerɛw nsɛm no ho nhwɛ.

Sɛnea Wohuu Muratori Nhoma Asinasin No

Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no ka nsaano nkyerɛwee a wɔkyerɛw guu nkrataa mmiako mmiako 76 a n’atenten yɛ nsateakwaa 11 na ne trɛw yɛ nsateakwaa 7 no so. Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672-1750), Italiani abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo a wagye din no na ohuu Nhoma Asinasin no wɔ Ambrose Nhomakorabea a ɛwɔ Milan, Italy no. Muratori tintimii ne nhwehwɛmu no wɔ afe 1740 mu. Eyi nti na edin Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no da so no. Ɛte sɛ nea wɔkyerɛw nsaano nkyerɛwee no wɔ afeha a ɛto so awotwe wɔ nkokorafie a ɛwɔ Bobbio a ɛbɛn Piacenza, Italy atifi fam no. Woyi kɔɔ Ambrose Nhomakorabea wɔ afeha a ɛto so 17 mfiase.

Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no mu kasamu 85 na ɛwɔ nkrataa mmiako mmiako 76 no mu nea ɛto so 10 ne 11 no so. Wɔde Latin kasa na ɛkyerɛwee, na ɛda adi sɛ na ɔkyerɛwfo no ani nku n’adwuma ho yiye. Nanso bere  a wɔde nkyerɛwee koro no ara totoo nea ɛwɔ nsaano nkyerɛwee anan a wɔkyerɛw no afeha a ɛto so 11 ne 12 ho no, wohuu ne mfomso ahorow no.

Bere Bɛn na Wɔkyerɛwee?

Nanso ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wuhu bere pɔtẽẽ a wɔkyerɛw Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no. Ɛte sɛ nea wɔkyerɛw nea edi kan no wɔ Hela kasa mu mfehaha pii ansa na wɔrekyerɛw Nhoma Asinasin a wɔkyerɛɛ ase fii Hela mu kɔɔ Latin kasa mu no. Nsɛm a edi so yi boa ma yehu bere pɔtẽẽ a wɔkyerɛw nea edi kan no. Nhoma Asinasin no ka nhoma bi a enni Bible mu, Shepherd, ho asɛm, na ɛka sɛ ɔbarima bi a wɔfrɛ no Hermas na ɔkyerɛw no “nnansa yi ara, wɔ yɛn bere yi mu wɔ Roma.” Nhomanimfo kyerɛ sɛ Hermas kyerɛw Shepherd no wiei koraa wɔ afe 140 ne 155 Y.B. ntam hɔ. Eyi ma wuhu nea enti a wɔka sɛ wɔkyerɛw Muratori Nhoma Asinasin a wodii kan kyerɛɛ ase fii Hela mu kɔɔ Latin kasa mu no wɔ afe 170 ne 200 Y.B. ntam hɔ no.

Roma a ɛtɔ da a wɔtwe adwene si so no kyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔhyehyɛɛ mu nsɛm no wɔ saa kurow no mu. Nanso wɔn adwene nsi wɔn pi wɔ onii a ɔkyerɛwee no ho. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ ebetumi ayɛ Clement a ofi Aleksandria, Melito a ofi Sardi, ne Polycrates a ofi Efeso. Nanso nhomanimfo pii ka sɛ ɛyɛ Hippolytus a ɔkyerɛw nhoma pii wɔ Hela kasa mu no na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ ɔkyerɛwee, efisɛ na ɔte Roma bere a wɔrehyehyɛ Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no mu nsɛm no. Ebia eyi ho renhia wo pii de, nanso wobɛpɛ sɛ wuhu pii fa emu nsɛm a ɛma ɛsom bo no ho.

Emu Nsɛm

Ɛnyɛ Kristofo Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu nhoma nko na ɛbobɔ din. Ɛsan ka nhoma ahorow no ne akyerɛwfo no ho asɛm. Sɛ wokenkan a, wubehu sɛ nsɛm a edi kan wɔ nsaano nkyerɛwee no mu no nni hɔ, na ɛte sɛ nea ɛba awiei prɛko pɛ. Edi kan ka Luka Asɛmpa no ho asɛm, na ɛka sɛ nea ɔkyerɛw saa Bible nhoma yi yɛ oduruyɛfo. (Kolosefo 4:14) Ɛka sɛ Luka kyerɛwtohɔ no na ɛto Nsɛmpa no so abiɛsa, ma enti ɛda adi sɛ nsɛm a afi mu no bɛka Mateo ne Marko Nsɛmpa no ho asɛm. Sɛ saa na w’adwene yɛ wo a, ɛnde Muratori Nhoma Asinasin a ɛka sɛ Yohane nhoma no na ɛto Nsɛmpa no so anan no bɛfoa wo nsusuwii no so.

 Nhoma Asinasin no foa so sɛ Luka na ɔkyerɛw Asomafo Nnwuma no kɔmaa “onuonyamfo Teofilo.” (Luka 1:3; Asomafo Nnwuma 1:1) Afei ɛtoa so bobɔ nkrataa a ɔsomafo Paulo kyerɛw kɔmaa Korintofo (ɛyɛ abien), Efesofo, Filipifo, Kolosefo, Galatifo, Tesalonikafo (ɛyɛ abien), Romafo, Filemon, Tito, ne Timoteo (a ɛno nso yɛ abien) no din. Ɛkaa Yuda ne Yohane nhoma abien no nso ho asɛm sɛ efi honhom mu. Ná adi kan aka ɔsomafo Yohane krataa a edi kan ne Asɛmpa a ɔkyerɛwee no ho asɛm dedaw. Adiyisɛm nhoma no ne nhoma a etwa to a wobu no sɛ efi honhom mu.

Nea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow ne sɛ, Nhoma Asinasin no ka Petro Adiyisɛm no ho asɛm, nanso ɛka sɛ na ebinom te nka sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ Kristofo kenkan. Nhoma no kyerɛwfo no bɔɔ kɔkɔ sɛ na nkyerɛwee a enni mu wɔ hɔ wɔ ne bere so. Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wogye nhoma a enni mu no tom, “efisɛ wɔrentumi mfa ade a ɛyɛ nwene mfra ade fremfrem.” Kyerɛwtohɔ no ka nsɛm afoforo a na ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde ka nkyerɛwee kronkron no ho nso ho asɛm. Na ebetumi aba sɛ wɔkyerɛw eyinom wɔ asomafo no wu akyi, sɛnea Hermas kyerɛwee Shepherd no, anaa wɔkyerɛwee na wɔde afoa asɔre mu atuatew so.

Wubetumi ahu afi nea yɛasusuw ho yi mu sɛ, wɔanka krataa a Paulo kyerɛw kɔmaa Hebrifo, Petro nhoma abien, ne Yakobo nhoma no ho asɛm sɛ ɛka Bible mu nhoma a wogye toom no ho. Nanso, bere a Ɔbenfo Geoffrey Mark Hahneman reka ɔkyerɛwfo no adwuma ho asɛm no, ɔkae sɛ, “sɛ yɛka sɛ seesei nsɛm afoforo a ɛwɔ Nhoma Asinasin no mu bi ayera a ntease wom, ɛne sɛ Yakobo ne Hebrifo (ne 1 Petro) ka nsɛm a ayera no ho.”—The Muratorian Fragment and the Development of the Canon.

Ne saa nti, Muratori Nhoma Asinasin no foa so sɛ na wɔagye nhoma dodow a ɛwɔ Kristofo Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm mu no atom dedaw sɛ ɛka Bible mu nhoma no ho wɔ afeha a ɛto so abien Y.B. no mu. Nokwarem no, sɛ wobegye nhoma bi atom sɛ ɛka Bible no ho no nnyina ka a wɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ tete nhoma bi mu no so. Bible mu nhoma mu nsɛm no na ɛma yehu sɛ honhom kronkron na ɛkaa akyerɛwfo no ma wɔkyerɛwee. Bible mu nhoma no nyinaa foa so sɛ Yehowa Nyankopɔn ne ne kyerɛwfo, na emu nsɛm no nso hyia. Sɛnea Bible mu nhoma 66 mu nsɛm no hyia na ɛmmɔ wɔn ho abira no di adanse sɛ ɛyɛ nhoma a ne nyinaa ka bom biako. Enti ɛfata sɛ wugye tom sɛ ɛyɛ Yehowa Asɛm a efi honhom mu a ɛyɛ nokware a wɔakora so abesi yɛn bere yi so.—1 Tesalonikafo 2:13; 2 Timoteo 3:16, 17.

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Ludovico Antonio Muratori

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Ambrose Nhomakorabea

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Muratori Nhoma Asinasin

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Diritti Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Vietata la riproduzione. Aut. No. F 157 / 05

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Nhoma Asinasin: Diritti Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Vietata la riproduzione. Aut. No. F 157 / 05; Muratori, based on line art: © 2005 Brown Brothers