NOVEMBER 5, 2013
E-ARMENIA
I-Armenia Inikeza Labo Abenqaba Ukuya Empini Ngenxa Kanembeza Umsebenzi Ohlukile Wokukhonza Umphakathi
Uhulumeni wase-Armenia usuyawaqaphela amalungelo alabo abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza. Ngo-October 23, 2013, i-Republican Commission yase-Armenia yezwa futhi yanikeza imvume yezicelo ezingu-51 zokuthola umsebenzi wokukhonza umphakathi kwezingaphezu kuka-90 zoFakazi BakaJehova abebebhalisele lesi simiso esisha (iKhomishani isazozicabangela nalezi ezinye izicelo). IKhomishani iye eJele Lase-Erebuni yanikeza imvume ezicelweni eziyisithupha kwezingu-20 zoFakazi ababoshiwe. Lezi ziboshwa eziyisithupha ziye zadedelwa ngo-October 24, 2013. IKhomishani isazozicabangela izicelo ezisele zoFakazi abangathanda ukwenza umsebenzi ohlukile futhi kulindeleke ukuba ibadedele laba balisa abafake izicelo.
Isimiso Esisha
Lesi simiso saqala ngo-June 8, 2013, lapho i-Armenia yamukela izinguquko ezivumelanisa i-Armenia’s Law on Alternative Service nemithetho yaseYurophu, futhi iqala ukusebenza ngaphansi kwazo ngo-July 25, 2013. Umongameli wase-Armenia wakhuluma ngalo mthetho osanda kushintshwa kuyiParliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ngo-October 2, 2013, lapho ethi: “Imithetho yethu izobavumela abantu abangafuni ukubuthelwa empini ngenxa kanembeza ukuba bazikhulule ecaleni lokubulala.” Ngo-October 3, 2013, i-Armenia yaqala ukusebenzisa umthetho owenza ukuba kuncishiswe izigwebo zalabo abenqaba ngenxa kanembeza ngezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngenxa yalokho, oFakazi abangu-8 ababesalelwe izinyanga ezingaphansi kweziyisithupha ejele badedelwa ngo-October 8 no-9, 2013.
Isimiso sokwenza umsebenzi ohlukile wokukhonza umphakathi sivumela labo abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza ukuba benzele izwe labo okuthile ngendlela evumelana nonembeza wabo oqeqeshwe ngeBhayibheli. Manje lesi simiso siqondiswa izikhulu zomphakathi hhayi i-Armed Forces of Armenia. Lo msebenzi uthatha izinyanga ezingu-36 futhi izisebenzi zisebenza amahora angu-48 ngesonto bese zinikezwa izinsuku eziyishumi zokuphumula ngonyaka. Labo ababhalisela le nkonzo bazothola umsebenzi oseduze nalapho behlala khona futhi benze imisebenzi engahlobani nebutho lempi.
Izinyathelo Ezaholela Ekushintshweni Komthetho
Lapho i-Armenia iba ingxenye yoMkhandlu WaseYurophu ngo-2001, yazifaka esibophweni sawo wonke amaZwe amasha sokwamukela umthetho wokwenza umsebenzi ohlukile nokubadedela ejele bonke abenqaba ngenxa kanembeza. Naphezu kwalesi sibopho, i-Armenia yaqhubeka nokumangalela kanye nokuzifaka ejele izinsizwa ezingoFakazi.
Phakathi neminyaka engu-20 edlule, oFakazi BakaJehova abangaphezu kuka-450 baye bathola izigwebo zesikhathi eside emajele, bevame ukuphila kabuhlungu nokuphathwa ngonya
Kwaba nenhlansana yethemba ngalabo abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza lapho iRepublic of Armenia’s Law on Alternative Service iqala ukusebenza ngo-July 1, 2004. Nokho, lapho isimiso sokwenza inkonzo ehlukile siqala ukusebenza, sasiqondiswa futhi silawulwa abezempi futhi injongo yaso iwukukhipha isijeziso. UMkhandlu WaseYurophu waveza ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi lesi simiso sokwenza umsebenzi ohlukile sasingavumelani nemithetho yaseYurophu. Ngokwesibonelo, eZwini Lesinqumo 1532 (2007), iParliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe yathi “ikhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi, ngenxa yokungabikho kohlobo olufanele lomsebenzi ohlukile, abaningi balabo abenqaba ngenxa kanembeza, iningi labo elingoFakazi BakaJehova, bayaqhubeka beboshwa ngoba bencamela ukuya ejele kunokwenza inkonzo ehlukile okusuke kungeyona ngempela eyokukhonza umphakathi.”
IKomiti Yamalungelo Abantu Yenhlangano Yezizwe nayo yathi ikhathazeke ngokuthi i-Armenia iyaqhubeka ibopha oFakazi abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza. Lapho iphetha amazwi ayo omhlangano we-105 (2012), le Komiti yathi:
“Leli zwe kufanele limise umsebenzi ohluke ngokuphelele kowokuya empini, ongazihileli nhlobo ezempi, ovulekele bonke abenqaba ngenxa kanembeza futhi ongesona isijeziso kubo noma ukubabandlulula ngempatho, ngokwezimali nangokuqondene nesikhathi abazosichitha bewenza. Kufanele futhi lidedele bonke abenqaba ngenxa kanembeza ababoshelwe ukungavumi ukuya empini noma ukwenza umsebenzi wabenqabayo okhona njengamanje.”
Inkululeko Elethwe I-ECHR
Ngenxa yokungalutholi usizo ezinkantolo zase-Armenia, uVahan Bayatyan nezinye izinsizwa ezimbili ezingoFakazi ezazibekwe icala zavula icala ngokumelene ne-Armenia eNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu (ECHR). Icala likaMnumzane uBayatyan lashintsha izinto lapho ngo-July 7, 2011, uMkhandlu Omkhulu we-ECHR uvuna yena esinqumweni sawo. Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, i-ECHR yanquma ukuba uMthetho-sisekelo Wamalungelo Abantu BaseYurophu uvikele labo abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza. Lesi sinqumo soMkhandlu Omkhulu salandelwa ezinye ezine ze-ECHR nazo ezaziqokomisa ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo alabo abenqaba ngenxa kanembeza. *
Abathintekile muva nje ezahlulelweni ze-ECHR ezivikela ilungelo lokwenqaba ngenxa kanembeza: UVahan Bayatyan, uHayk Bukharatyan no-Ashot Tsaturyan.
Uhulumeni wase-Armenia wasishaya indiva isahlulelo soMkhandlu Omkhulu secala lika-Bayatyan v. Armenia, wababeka icala futhi wabopha oFakazi abasebasha abangu-29 ababenqaba ngenxa kanembeza; abangu-23 babo bagqunywa ejele. Kusukela ngo-July 2011 kuya ku-October 2013, abangu-86 bebonke bachitha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-168 emajele ase-Armenia. Abanye balezi zinsizwa baye bamelana nalokhu kuboshwa ngokungemthetho ngokuvula amanye amacala eNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu.
Izinkinga Ezingaxazululiwe
Labo abenqaba ngenxa kanembeza asebesiqedile isigwebo sabo sasejele nalabo abadedelwe ngo-October 2013 banethemba lokuthi azosulwa ngokuphelele amacala abo, ngokuvumelana nezinguquko zamuva ezenziwe i-Armenia emithethweni yabayizephula-mthetho. Omunye umbuzo uwukuthi bazosithola yini isinxephezelo labo ababekwe icala nababoshwe ngemva kokukhishwa kwesahlulelo secala lika-Bayatyan.
Kulindeleke ukuba kubonakale umphumela ophelele woshintsho olwenziwe i-Armenia emthethweni wokwenza omunye umsebenzi kunokuya empini. Nokho, kubonakala sengathi i-Armenia seyenze umzamo omkhulu wokuqaphela ilungelo lokwenqaba ngenxa kanembeza ukuya empini.
Izenzakalo Ezaholela Esimisweni Esamukelwayo Sokukhonza Umphakathi
Unyaka |
Isenzakalo |
|---|---|
2001 |
I-Armenia iba ilungu loMkhandlu WaseYurophu futhi kudingeka isebenzise umthetho wokwenza umsebenzi ohlukile |
2004 |
UMthetho Wokwenza Umsebenzi Ohlukile uqala ukusebenza, kodwa isimiso somsebenzi ohlukile siqondiswa abezempi, okwenza oFakazi BakaJehova bangasamukeli |
2006 |
Izinguquko Emthethweni Womsebenzi Ohlukile zinezela izindlela zokujezisa kunokuba zinikeze umsebenzi wokukhonza umphakathi owamukelekayo koFakazi BakaJehova |
2011 |
Esinqumweni sayo sabangu-16 abavuna oFakazi ngokumelene noyedwa ecaleni lika-Bayatyan v. Armenia, uMkhandlu Omkhulu we-ECHR wathi amalungelo enkululeko kanembeza awahlonishwanga, wavikela amalungelo alabo abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza |
2012 |
Izahlulelo ezimbili zeNkantolo YaseYurophu ngokumelene ne-Armenia endabeni yokwenqaba ngenxa kanembeza: U-Bukharatyan v. Armenia no-Tsaturyan v. Armenia |
2013 |
Ngo-June 8, izinguquko ziqala ukusebenza, kumiswa imithetho emisha ngo-July 25, engase ivule indlela yokwenza umsebenzi wokukhonza umphakathi Ngo-October 8 no-9, i-Armenia idedela abangu-8 abafakwa ejele ngenxa yokwenqaba ngenxa kanembeza Ngo-October 23, iRepublican Commission inika imvume esicelweni sokwenza umsebenzi wokukhonza umphakathi soFakazi BakaJehova abangu-57, kuhlanganise nabayisithupha kwabangu-20 abasaboshiwe e-Armenia Ngo-October 24, i-Armenia idedela oFakazi abayisithupha eJele Lase-Erebuni |
^ isig. 12 Bheka icala lika-Erçep v. Turkey, no. 43965/04, 22 November 2011; u-Bukharatyan v. Armenia, no. 37819/03, 10 January 2012; u-Tsaturyan v. Armenia, no. 37821/03, 10 January 2012; no-Feti Demirtaş v. Turkey, no. 5260/07, 17 January 2012.
Okunye Ongase Ukuthande
EZISANDA KUKHISHWA
I-Armenia Idedela Bonke OFakazi BakaJehova Ababoshiwe
Ngokokuqala ngqa kusukela ngo-1993, abekho oFakazi BakaJehova ababoshelwe ukwenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza e-Armenia.