Ukuphila Nokuphazamiseka Kwemizwelo

UKUPHAZAMISEKA kwemizwelo kuvame ngendlela eshaqisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-330 abantu emhlabeni wonke abanokucindezeleka okukhulu, isimo esiphawuleka ngokudangala okukhulu nokuphelelwa yisithakazelo emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi eminyakeni engu-20, okuwukuphela kwesifo esiyobe sivame ngaphezu kokucindezeleka kuyoba isifo semithambo yenhliziyo. Yingakho kuye kwabizwa ngokuthi “umkhuhlane wokugula kwengqondo.”

Eminyakeni yamuva nje isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo siye sanakwa kakhulu emphakathini. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zihlanganisa ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwemizwelo okusuka ekucindezelekeni ukuya ekwesaseni ngokweqile. Incwadi enyatheliswé yi-American Medical Association muva nje ithi: “Ngesikhathi sesiwombe sokucindezeleka, ungase uhlushwe yimicabango yokuzibulala. Kanti phakathi nesiwombe sokwesasa ngokweqile salesi sifo, ungase ulahlekelwe ikhono lokwahlulela okuhle futhi ungase ungayiboni ingozi yezenzo zakho.”

Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo kuthinta abantu abangamaphesenti amabili e-United States, okusho ukuthi kunezigidi zabantu abanalesi sifo kulelo zwe kuphela. Nokho, izibalo nje zizodwa azibuchazi ubuhlungu bokuphila nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo.

Ukucindezeleka —Ukudabuka Okuthena Amandla

Iningi lethu liyazi ukuthi kunjani ukudabuka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi—mhlawumbe ngemva kwamahora nje ambalwa noma izinsukwana—lo muzwa uyadamba. Nokho, isifo sokucindezeleka sibi kakhulu kunalokho. Kanjani? “Thina esingacindezelekile siyazi ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo esiba nakho kuyaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi,” kuchaza uDkt. Mitch Golant, “kodwa umuntu ocindezelekile ubhekana nokuguquguquka, ukushintshashintsha njalo kwemizwa yakhe njengokungathi usesitimeleni esidlubulundayo abe engazi ukuthi ehle kanjani futhi nini—noma ngisho nakho nje ukuthi uyoke ehle yini.”

Isifo sokucindezeleka singavela ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abantu banalokho okuthiwa ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka (seasonal affective disorder [SAD]), okuzibonakalisa kakhulu ngenkathi ethile yonyaka—ngokuvamile ebusika. Incwadi enyatheliswa yi-People’s Medical Society ithi: “Abantu abane-SAD babika ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwabo kuba kubi kakhulu uma behlala endaweni esenhla kakhulu nenkabazwe futhi nesimo sezulu siguqubele. Nakuba i-SAD iye yahlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko  nezinsuku zasebusika eziguqubele kakhulu, kwezinye izimo iye yahlanganiswa nokusebenza endaweni engakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga, ukumboza kwezulu ngamafu ngesikhathi esingafanele kanye nenkinga yamehlo.”

Sibangelwa yini isifo sokucindezeleka? Impendulo ayicacile. Nakuba kubonakala kuhlangene nofuzo kwezinye izimo, ezimweni eziningi kubonakala sengathi izinto umuntu ahlangabezana nazo ekuphileni zifeza indima ebalulekile. Kuye kwaqapheleka nokuthi kwabesifazane sitholakala ngokuphindwe kabili kunakwabesilisa. * Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi asiwathinti amadoda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amadoda angamaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwangu-12 ayoba nesifo sokucindezeleka esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwawo.

 Lapho umuntu ehlaselwa yilolu hlobo lokucindezeleka, cishe kuthinteka zonke izici zokuphila kwakhe. USheila, onalesi sifo, uthi: “Sinyakazisa yonke into, siwohloza ukuzethemba kwakho, ukuzihlonipha, ikhono lakho lokucabanga ngendlela ehluzekile nokwenza izinqumo, kuthi lapho sesisibi kakhulu, sikucindezele kakhulu ngokungathi sifuna ukuzwa ukuthi uqine kangakanani.”

Ngezinye izikhathi ogulayo angase azizwe engcono kakhulu ngokuxoxa ngemizwa yakhe nomuntu oyisilaleli esinozwela. (Jobe 10:1) Noma kunjalo, kumelwe sivume ukuthi uma kuhileleke ukungalingani kahle kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni, ukucindezeleka akunakuqedwa nje ngokulungisa isimo sengqondo. Empeleni ezimweni ezinjalo, imizwelo elusizi edalwa yilokhu kugula isuke isingaphezu kwamandla omuntu ogulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ogulayo naye angase axakeke njengamalungu omkhaya kanye nabangane ngalesi simo.

Cabanga ngoPaula, * umKristu owabhekana nokudabuka okukhulu okwakumkhinyabeza ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuthi ucindezelekile. Uthi: “Ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kwemihlangano yobuKristu, ngangiphuma ngiye emotweni yami ngiyokhala, ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ngangiba nomuzwa ojulile wesizungu nosizi. Nakuba bonke ubufakazi babubonisa ukuthi nganginabangane abaningi abangikhathalelayo, ngangingakuboni lokho.”

U-Ellen naye wavelelwa yinto efanayo, ukucindezeleka kwakhe kwaze kwamlalisa esibhedlela. Uthi: “Nginamadodana amabili, omalokazana ababili abathandekayo, nomyeni—bonke engaziyo ukuthi bayangithanda kakhulu.” Ubungalindela ukuba u-Ellen abone ukuthi ukuphila kuyajabulisa nokuthi uyigugu emkhayeni wakhe. Kodwa lapho ebhekene nokucindezeleka, imicabango ephambene—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ayinangqondo kangakanani—ingase imthene amandla ogulayo.

Okungafanele kushalazelwe umphumela omkhulu ukucindezeleka komuntu oyedwa okungaba nawo kuwo wonke umkhaya. UDkt. Golant uyabhala: “Lapho othile omthandayo ecindezelekile, ungase uphile unomuzwa ongapheli wokungaqiniseki, ungazi ngempela ukuthi othandekayo wakho uzolulama nini ekucindezelekeni noma ukuthi lesi sifo sizogadla nini futhi. Ungazizwa ulahlekelwe kakhulu—uze ube lusizi futhi uthukuthele—ngenxa yokuthi ukuphila sekushintshile kokuvamile, mhlawumbe sekushintshe unomphela.”

Ngokuvamile, izingane zingakubona ukucindezeleka komzali. UDkt. Golant uyabhala: “Ingane kamama ocindezelekile iyashesha ukuzwela esimweni sikanina esingokomzwelo, ikuqaphelisisa konke ukuguquka kwemizwelo yakhe.” UDkt. Carol Watkins uphawula ukuthi izingane zomzali ocindezelekile “cishe ziyoba nezinkinga zokuziphatha, izinkinga ekufundeni kanye nezinkinga zokucindezelwa ontanga. Cishe nazo zingase zicindezeleke.”

Ukuphazamiseka Kwengqondo—Kuguquguquka Njalo

Ngempela, isifo sokucindezeleka siyinselele. Kodwa uma lesi simo sihambisana nokwesasa okungalawuleki, umphumela ubizwa ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo. * “Okuwukuphela kwento ehlala ikhona ngokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ukuthi kuyaguquguquka,” kusho uLucia, onalesi sifo. I-Harvard Mental Health Letter ithi lapho besasese kakhulu, abantu abanalesi sifo “bangafundekela kakhulu futhi babe yizingqongqo, futhi lokhu kwesasa kwabo okungalawuleki kungaphenduka ngokungazelelwe kube ukucasuka noma ulaka.”

ULenore ukhumbula okwamehlela phakathi nesiwombe sokwesasa. Uthi: “Ngangikhuthele inqaba. Abaningi babethi ngingowesifazane oyisimanga. Abantu babethi, ‘Ngifisa sengathi ngabe ngifana nawe.’ Ngangivame ukuzizwa nginamandla kakhulu, njengokungathi ngingenza noma yini. Ngangivivinya umzimba ngamandla. Ngangingalali kakhulu—kwakuba amahora amabili noma amathathu ngobusuku. Kodwa, ngangivuka ngisenomdlandla ofanayo.”

 Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uLenore waqala ukwembozwa ifu elimnyama. Uthi: “Lapho ngesese, ngangizwa isiyaluyalu esithile ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, ngokungathi injini edumayo engacisheki. Kungazelelwe ngangishintsha ngibe nolaka futhi ngicekele phansi izinto. Ngangingakhaca ilungu lomkhaya ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ngangithukuthela, ngibe nenzondo, futhi ngingalawuleki ngokuphelele. Ngemva nje kwalo mbukwane owethusayo, ngangizithola ngitubekile, ngikhala, futhi ngicindezeleke kakhulu. Ngangizizwa ngingelutho futhi ngimubi. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakwenzeka ngishintshele esiwombeni salokho kwesasa kwami okumangalisayo, kube njengokungathi akwenzekanga lutho.”

Izenzo ezingalawuleki zomuntu onesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo ziwabangela ukudideka amalungu omkhaya. UMary, onomyeni onalesi sifo, uthi: “Kuyadida ukubona umyeni wami ejabule edl’ ingevu kuthi phathaphatha usedangele futhi uthule. Kunzima ngempela kithi ukuba sikwamukele ukuthi akakwazi ukulawula lesi simo.”

Isimanga siwukuthi lesi sifo simcindezela ngezinga elifanayo umuntu esimphethe—uma kungekubi nakakhulu kuye. “Nginomona ngabantu abanezingqondo eziphile kahle futhi ezizinzile,” kusho uGloria, onalesi sifo. “Ukuzinza kwengqondo kuyinto eqabukelayo kubantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo. Kuyinto engenzeki kithi.”

Kubangelwa yini ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguqugukayo? Kunezici zofuzo—ezinamandla kakhulu kunezokucindezeleka. I-American Medical Association ithi: “Ngokocwaningo oluthile lwesayensi, amalungu omkhaya aseduze—abazali, izelamani, noma izingane—zabantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo zisengozini ephindwe izikhathi ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-18 zokuba nalesi sifo kunezihlobo eziseduze zabantu abaphilile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nelungu lomkhaya eliseduze elinokucindezeleka okuguquguqukayo nawe kungase kukuchaye ekucindezelekeni okukhulu.”

Ngokungafani nokucindezeleka, kubonakala sengathi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuthinta abesilisa nabesifazane ngezinga elifanayo. Ngokuvamile, kuqala lapho umuntu esengena ebudaleni, kodwa ikhona intsha ngisho nezingane abaye batholakala benalesi sifo. Noma kunjalo, ukubhekisisa izimpawu nokufinyelela esiphethweni esifanele kungaba yinselele enkulu ngisho nakuchwepheshe wezokwelapha. UDkt. Francis Mark Mondimore weJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, uyabhala: “Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunjengonwabu ezifweni zengqondo, kushintshashintsha izimpawu zako esigulini ngasinye, ngisho nangezikhathi ezithile kuso kanye isiguli esifanayo. Kuyinunu enganyonyobela isisulu sayo isigabhe ngosizi olukhulu bese inyamalala iminyaka—kuthi lapho ibuya isenze sesase impela kodwa ngendlela engalawuleki.”

Ngokusobala, kunzima ukubona izifo zokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo futhi kungaba nzima nakakhulu ukuphila nakho. Kodwa kunethemba kulabo abanalezi zifo.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]

“Ukuzinza kwengqondo kuyinto eqabukelayo kubantu abanokuphaza-miseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo. Kuyinto engenzeki kithi.”—UGLORIA

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 5]

Izimpawu Zokucindezeleka Okukhulu *

● Umzwelo wokucindezeleka, othatha usuku lonke, cishe nsuku zonke, okungenani amasonto amabili

● Ukuphelelwa yisithakazelo ngezinto umuntu abezijabulela ngaphambili

● Ukwehla komzimba noma ukuzimuka kakhulu

● Ukulala ngokweqile noma ukuqwasha

● Ukunwabuluka noma ukuba isikhwishikhwishi ngendlela engavamile

● Ukukhathala ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo

● Ukuzizwa ungelutho noma ukuzizwa unecala kungafanele

● Ukwehla kwekhono lokugxilisa ingqondo

● Umcabango obeleselayo wokuzibulala

Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zingase zibe eze-dysthymia—ukucindezeleka okuncane kodwa okungelapheki

[Umbhalo waphansi]